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 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study investigated the Taiwanese elderly in two different ethnic groups (Paiwan and Min-Nan) regarding their multifunctional status. The purpose was to make known and compare the subjective and objective health status of these two groups. The results for the objective measurements indicated that an elderly Paiwanese had 2.74 kinds of diseases on average. The most prevalent diseases among the Paiwan elderly were arthritis (rheumatism), circulation troubles in arms or legs, high blood pressure, stomach or intestinal disorders or gall bladder problems, cataract, heart trouble, emphysema (chronic bronchitis), skin disorder (leg ulcers or severe burns), asthma, and digestive system ulcers. Of all disease, five (arthritis, circulation trouble, emphysema, skin disorder, and tuberculosis) were statistically more prevalent among the Paiwan elderly than among the Min-Nan elderly. In terms of health scoring, the two groups were comparable except in the following two aspects: (1) more Paiwan elderly were unable to take medicine by themselves, and (2) the Paiwan elderly had lower cognitive ability ratings. In the subjective arena, the Paiwan elderly had a lower score in self-rating health status. Condensed, the health status of the Paiwan was worse than that of the Min-Nan elderly both in objective and subjective measurements.
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PMID:[A comparison on health status between Paiwan and Min-Nan elderly]. 808 76

A case of fungal endophthalmitis caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus after cataract surgery is reported. An 84-year-old woman had been suffering from diabetes mellitus and hypertension. She underwent an uncomplicated extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens in the right eye. Approximately one month after the surgery iritis was noted, and treated systemically and topically with corticosteroids and antibiotics. The inflammation was improved by these therapies at first, but worsened when the dose of oral corticosteroid was reduced. White fluffy exudates were present on the iris near the chamber angle with the hypopyon. Removal of the intraocular lens, vitrectomy and medicinal therapy were undertaken. The eye was salvaged but the final visual acuity was counting fingers. Paecilomyces lilacinus was identified from the intraocular specimen taken at the time of surgery. The clinical effects and the results of in-vitro sensitivity test showed that fluconazole and amphotericin B were ineffective, and that econazole, thimerosal and miconazole were effective.
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PMID:[Endophthalmitis caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus after cataract surgery: a case report]. 810 39

Corticosteroids are commonly used in combination with cyclosporine in clinical kidney recipients, and administered indefinitely to many patients. Long-term administration of steroids is associated with a number of serious side effects including hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cataract, osteoporosis, infection, moon face, and so on. A disturbance of growth is also a serious problem in pediatric patients. It is therefore desirable to discontinue the administration of steroid in renal allograft patients. For the withdrawal of steroid, it is quite important to thoroughly inhibit the recipient immune responses during the induction phase of immunosuppression without any serious adverse effect, that the patient may not retain immunological memories against donor antigens for a long period. Thus, we have been performing extensive immunosuppressive therapy using quadruple drugs, that is, DSG, cyclosporine, mizoribine, and prednisolone, during the early stage after kidney transplantation for withdrawal of prednisolone during the maintenance stage. Up to now, 19 recipients were treated with this protocol. In these patients, 8 were completely discontinued on the steroid and have been maintaining excellent graft function 9.2 to 32 months after transplantation, and 2 were reduced on the steroid to 5 mg. The present protocol may contribute greatly toward the quality of life in renal recipients.
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PMID:Deoxyspergualin. Mode of action and clinical trials. 810 31

Diabetics form a significant proportion of patients requiring admission to medical units in Singapore. We conducted a cross-sectional study of all diabetic patients admitted to Alexandra Hospital over a two-month period (1 September 1990 to 31 October 1990). One hundred and thirty-five patients (57 males, 78 females) were entered into the study. The population characteristics, admitting medical diagnoses, complications, treatment modalities and follow-up of these patients were studied. The study group accounted for 13.1% of all hospital admissions over the study period (total admissions 1033). Eighty-seven (64.4%) were Chinese, 25 (18.5%) Indians and 23 (17.1%) Malays. Of the microvascular complications, the most common was diabetic nephropathy. Eighty-two (60.7%) patients had albuminuria and 35 (25.9%) were azotemic. Dermopathy was present in 15.5% (21) and 32.6% (44) had peripheral neuropathy. Cataracts were present in 32.6% (44) of the study population and retinopathy in 18.5% (25). Associated diseases like hypertension were detected in 51.9% (70), hyperlipidemia in 41.5% (56) and coronary heart disease in 28.1% (38) of the group. Eighty-four patients (62.2%) were treated with oral hypoglycaemic tablets, 27 (20.0%) with insulin and 24 (17.7%) were managed with diet alone. Thirty-four patients (25.2%) were admitted with acute infections, most of which were respiratory infections. The mean glycosylated haemoglobin value was 11.7%. The mean duration of hospitalisation was 6.48 days. No significant correlation was found between the glycosylated haemoglobin value and the duration of hospitalisation.
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PMID:Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in a regional hospital medical unit. 812 45

The authors refer about expulsive haemorrhage during cataract surgery done by tunnel incision in 73 years old women. She was on long term treatment for glaucoma and arterial hypertension. Three months after the surgery visual acuity was 5/7.5 with contact lens. Such a favourable outcome was achieved mainly due to tunnel incision. This type of incision enabled immediate wound closure, increase of intraocular pressure without prolapsing of eyeball content and stopping of expulsive haemorrhage. They recommend routine use of minimal incision capable of spontaneous closure for cataract surgery.
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PMID:[A favorable outcome after expulsive hemorrhage in cataract surgery via a tunnel incision]. 813 36

Starting in 1985, at the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India, modifications concerning teaching community medicine and epidemiology were introduced. Students were encouraged to conduct epidemiological investigations for better understanding of the subject. First-year students were free to participate in a hospital-based case control study involving 3-7 students over a period of 6-8 months. 5 projects were completed between 1990 and 1992 pertaining to risk factor analysis in oral cancers, protein-energy malnutrition, myocardial infarction, birth asphyxia, and cervical carcinoma. Methodology included objectives, review of the literature, definitions, questionnaires, and statistical methods. Faculty members monitored progress. Each student made a presentation to a gathering of 1st- and 2nd-year students and answered their questions. 2nd-year students undertook projects in community medicine lasting 2 months during vacation. Each student had a separate project of value for planning urban and rural field practice areas. Between 1987 and 1992, field studies were carried out on immunization coverage and mothers' knowledge about child immunization; the prevalence of caries among preschool children; cultural and economic factors affecting pregnancy; the epidemiology of cataract; blood pressure and hypertension; the nutritional status of preschool and school-age children; and drug compliance by leprosy patients. Case school studies were also undertaken on risk-factor analysis of low birth weight; factors affecting the acceptance of tubectomy; and treatment-seeking behavior among patients with cervical carcinoma. Similar public presentations were made. Interns were invited to assist in difficult subjects. A hospital study was completed by 2 students on injections given unnecessarily to children aged under 5 years. 111 out of 149 1st- year students questioned stated that they had gained knowledge and skills. Benefits reported included improved thinking, communication, statistical knowledge, understanding of human behavior, and a social view on health and disease.
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PMID:Research as a tool for the teaching of epidemiology. 814 77

The purpose of this study was to identify diseases frequently found in elderly populations in rural areas as well as to discuss the role of geriatric physicians in medical care for elderly patients. The study was conducted using ICHPPC-2-Defined (Japan version) which had been compiled by WONCA for the classification of diseases. The acute health problems treated by the clinic consisted of 183 types (2070 items) in 1916 patients seen during 19 months compared to 66 types of chronic problems consisting of 505 items in 179 patients. The most frequent acute complaints and health problems were acute infections of the upper respiratory tract, followed by diseases of the stomach and duodenum, then osteoarthritis and allied conditions. The most common chronic health problems were uncomplicated hypertension, osteoarthritis and allied conditions, osteoporosis, lipid metabolism disorders, complicated hypertension, cataract, and various other illnesses extending over all specialties of medicine. Geriatric physicians are required to have broad and multidisciplinary knowledge and skill to provide comprehensive and continual medical care for elderly patients in rural areas.
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PMID:[Health problems of elderly patients in a rural area]. 815 70

The authors compared self-reported medical history and medication use in a cataract case-control study of 1,380 persons (1985-1989) in Boston, Massachusetts, with information from the participants' physicians. Under- and overreporting varied by condition and type of medication. A self-reported history of hypertension had the highest sensitivity (91%), and diabetes history had the highest specificity (97%). Among different medications investigated, self-reported antihypertensive medication use was the most sensitive (88%), while self-reported use of insulin was the most specific (99%). Differences between patient- and physician-reported frequencies were very small, except for arthritis (15%) and regular aspirin use (21%). Results suggest an accurate recall of medical and drug usage history in well-defined chronic conditions.
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PMID:Comparing self-reported and physician-reported medical history. 817 94

A pilot study was carried out to determine the prevalence of ophthalmic disease in the Indian community of Southall and to ascertain the best methods applicable for a larger formal study. Three sites were chosen for the study, a Sikh gurdwara, a mosque and a Hindu temple. The subjects were volunteers aged 30 years and over who had visited the appropriate place of worship at least twice in the previous month. A total of 184 subjects were examined. The prevalence of blindness was 2.7% by the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, while 9.8% had uniocular blindness. The prevalence of glaucoma and ocular hypertension was 2.7% and 7%, respectively. Of the 184 subjects examined, 58% had cataract and 3.8% had age-related maculopathy. The prevalence of visually disabling trachomatous eye disease was 9.7%. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 17.9%, and that of hypertension 22.8%. This small study suggests that people with origins from the Indian subcontinent have a higher prevalence of ophthalmic disease than the Caucasian population.
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PMID:A pilot study into the prevalence of ophthalmic disease in the Indian population of Southall. 819 34

We report two forms of visual defect in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) compared to its normotensive control strain (WKY). Ten-month-old male SHR and WKY were tested for intensity discrimination ability using a Y-maze and food reward. The SHR took more trials in the acquisition phase of the task using white light. In the test phase, in which the white light intensity difference was reduced, there was no significant difference in performance between SHR and WKY. Also, there was no significant difference between the strains when red light was used. The defect in SHR occurred in the blue range of the spectrum. Using blue light, the performance of SHR declined significantly at an intensity difference of 1.15 lux, whereas the performance of WKY did not decline significantly until the difference reached 0.01 lux. The defect in SHR for intensity discrimination was not related to cataract formation, but we detected a strain difference in the nuclei of the photoreceptor cells. Thus, this visual dysfunction may involve the rod photoreceptors. Further testing revealed a deficit in visual acuity in SHR aged 40-66 days, prior to the development of hypertension. Thus, the visual dysfunction of SHR is not secondary to their development of hypertension, but rather a discrete characteristic of the strain.
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PMID:Visual dysfunction in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 824 81


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