Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between cataract extraction in women and current body mass index, history of clinically relevant obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia was considered in a case-control study conducted in northern Italy. A total of 287 women who had cataract extraction and 1227 control subjects who were in the hospital for acute, nonneoplastic, nonophthalmologic, nonmetabolic, nongastroenterologic diseases were interviewed during their hospital stay. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from multiple logistic regression equations, including terms for age, education, smoking status, current body mass index, and simultaneously the four diseases considered. Elevated current body mass index (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.8, for > or = 30 versus < 20 kg/m2), diabetes (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4 to 3.4), hypertension (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.0), hyperlipidemia (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.7), and clinical history of obesity (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.2) were associated with an increased risk of cataract extraction. The OR in two separate strata of age (< 60 and > or = 60 years) indicated that the associations of diabetes and hyperlipidemia were stronger at a younger age: the OR for diabetes was 4.6 for those younger than 60 years and 1.7 for those age 60 or over, and for hyperlipidemia the ORs were 2.8 and 1.6, respectively. Thus, the results of this study support the association in women between cataract extraction and diabetes, current overweight, history of clinically relevant obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. These findings also suggest that these factors may have some biologically independent impact on the risk of cataract.
 ...
PMID:Selected diseases and risk of cataract in women. A case-control study from northern Italy. 760 13

Cataract development has been reported in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) hypertensive rats with high-salt intake. An alteration in ionic transport and electrolyte balance has been reported to be associated with hypertension in these animals. A morphological evaluation of the lenses of salt-sensitive 'cataract-prone' (DS) and salt-resistant (DR) control animals is lacking. We undertook this investigation to evaluate changes in lenticular morphology and in systolic blood pressure (SBP) following administration of high-salt. Both DS and DR rats were given high-salt for up to 33 weeks. Lenses were extracted at desired intervals following the initiation of the high-salt diet and processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Except for some variations between animals, our study showed that DR rats, in general, exhibited normal SBP and relatively normal morphology. In comparison, the lenses of DS hypertensive rats demonstrated the following major changes: (1) some epithelial cells showed multilayering, nodule formation, pyknotic nuclei, swelling of cell organelles, presence of a large number of lysosomes, and distension of intercellular spaces, (2) disorganization of the bow and (3) swelling of fiber cells in the equatorial region. These changes were similar to those observed in precataractous stages during the development of several types of experimentally induced cataracts and indicate an alteration in normal electrolyte balance as well as hyperosmolarity. Changes in ion transport and electrolyte imbalance have been reported in the lenses of DS rats on high-salt diet. These alterations and a defect in the sodium-potassium pump may be responsible for cataract development in these hypertensive rats.
 ...
PMID:Lenticular alterations in hypertensive rats. 769 59

The objective of this study was to describe the health problems of a group dementia patients on admission and during residence in a Dutch nursing home and to compare these with figures of patients of 75 years and over from general practice. In 890 nursing home patients suffering from dementia prevalence of health problems on admission and the incidence during the residence were classified by means of the ICHPPC-2-defined. The differences between men and women were studied as was the influence of the season on the incidence during the stay. Results were compared with figures of patients of seventy five year and over from the continuous morbidity registration (CMR) from 'Nijmegen'. The most frequently occurring health problems on admission were: varicose veins of legs, acquired deformation of the spine, presbyacusis, hypertension, arthrosis, COPD, cerebrovascular disorders, heart murmur, cataract and chronic ischemic heart disease. During the residence the following health problems were frequently diagnosed: urinary tract infection, side effect of medicine, constipation, pneumonia, pressure sore, feeding problem, contusion, heart failure, cold and conjunctivitis. There were clear differences between men and women. Especially the incidence of intercurrent diseases showed great differences from the patterns in general practice. Prevalence of health problems on admission to the nursing home home agreed mor with figures from general practice. Respiratory tract infections frequently occurred in winter and urinary tract infections, pressure sores and conjunctivitis seemed to occur more in the summer. Nursing home patients with dementia have a lot of chronic and intercurrent health problems. They differ clearly from patients in general practice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Incidence and prevalence of health problems in a group of nursing home patients with dementia. A comparison with family practice]. 780 16

The risk factors for intraoperative and early postoperative complications were evaluated in 351 consecutive cataract operations at the Oulu University Hospital in 1990. Bleeding into the anterior chamber during the operation was recorded in 8.6%, zonular rupture in 6.6%, posterior capsular rupture in 5.4% and vitreous loss in 3.2%, On account of the loss of capsular support an anterior chamber intraocular lens was implanted in 3.1%. Of the early postoperative complications, signs of fibrinous reaction were observed in 24.5%, corneal edema in 53.6% and rise of intraocular pressure to 30 mmHg or more in 27.6%. There was no difference in the complication rate between men and women or in relation to age. The use of anticoagulant (although discontinued before surgery) or antiplatelet medication increased the risk of intraoperative bleeding but no sight-threatening bleeding occurred. The use of acetylsalicylic acid was also associated with an increased risk of postoperative fibrinous reaction. Other systemic diseases like systemic hypertension, diabetes, asthma, or cardiac or mental disorders, or medications, did not increase the complication rate. Of the various ocular parameters, small pupil and exfoliation syndrome were the most important risk factors for both intra- and early postoperative complications, and the presence of glaucoma increased the risk of vitreous loss, postoperative pressure rise and corneal edema. General anesthesia did not seem to reduce the complications rate.
 ...
PMID:Risk factors for intraoperative and early postoperative complications in extracapsular cataract surgery. 781 30

We evaluated the prophylactic effect of 0.25% Clonidine HCl on the increase of intraocular pressure after Nd: YAG laser therapy. IOP of 150 eyes using Clonidine and 119 eyes without Clonidine were measured before and 0.5, 1, 2, 24 hours after Nd: YAG application. Various stages of angle-closure glaucoma and after cataract were both included in the treated and control groups and were compared respectively. Overall, the incidence of increase of IOP in the Clonidine-treated group was significantly less (9.3%) than the group without Clonidine (63.0%); the incidence of marked increase (> 1.06kPa) was also significantly less (2.0%) than those without Clonidine (18.5%). The peak value of IOP after laser therapy in the treated group did not exceed 3.06 kPa. Therefore, topical Clonidine is recommended as an effective and safe procedure to prevent the intraocular hypertension in Nd: YAG laser therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Topical clonidine in prevention of intra-ocular hypertension after Nd: YAG laser therapy]. 784 98

Age related cataract is the most common cause of blindness in the world. Most of these patients are elderly and are likely to have various associated systemic diseases. Higher mortality has been reported in patients undergoing cataract surgery. In order to determine the prevalence of associated systemic disease, we carried out a large eye camp based study in 6103 age related cataract patients. Seventeen percent of our patients had systemic problems. Pulmonary disease was seen in 4.3%, cardiovascular disease and hypertension in 4.1%, diabetes mellitus in 3.8%, skin disorder in 1.4%, orodental disease requiring tooth extraction in 3%, and other diseases were seen in 0.4% of the cases. Seventy eight patients (1.27%) had significant systemic complications post-operatively, 46% of whom required hospitalization in a tertiary care center. Thus, all patients undergoing cataract surgery should be evaluated for associated systemic diseases to prevent morbidity and mortality in the preoperative, operative and postoperative period.
 ...
PMID:Systemic diseases in age related cataract patients. 785 16

Twenty-seven patients (ages 13-55 years) with Takayasu's arteritis (TA) underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination which included a history of visual symptoms, recording of visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, examination of retina (direct fundoscopy and rapid sequence fluorescein angiography) and estimation of retinal haemodynamics. Arterial hypertension was the commonest (77%) presentation of TA. Sixty-six percent of the patients had one or more ocular change. Sixteen (33%) of the 54 eyes tested had Takayasu's retinopathy (TR), 20 eyes (37%) had hypertensive retinopathy (HR) and the retina was normal (NR) in 18 eyes (33%). Two patients with advanced TR had bilateral cataract. The arm-to-retina circulation time in eyes with TR (16.4 +/- 2.66 seconds) was prolonged as compared to the eyes with HR (10.9 +/- 1.63 seconds, P < 0.01) and NR (9.6 +/- 2.37 seconds, P < 0.01). The arteriovenous filling time in eyes with TR was also significantly prolonged. The intraocular pressure (mmHg) in eyes with TR (9.3 +/- 3.6) was lower (P < 0.001) than that in eyes with HR (14.4 +/- 4.1 mmHg) and NR (14.2 +/- 2.6). Central retinal artery pressure recorded in 8 eyes with TR was less than 35 mmHg in spite of the systemic hypertension. The retinal haemodynamics suggest that the carotid artery involvement leading to diminished retinal blood flow is the pathogenetic mechanism of TR.
 ...
PMID:Ocular changes in Takayasu's arteritis in India. 793 5

In order to identify previously undiagnosed cases of non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) in general practice, we measured non-fasting blood-glucose in all risk patients (n = 1,790) between 35-69 years old belonging to 29 general practices in Kolding. Patients at risk for NIDDM were defined as those suffering from one or more of the following: overweight, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidaemia, stroke, gout, cataract, Dupuytren's contracture, peripheral atherosclerosis or recurrent urinary- or skin-infections. A positive result, defined as a non-fasting blood-glucose of > or = 8.0 mmol/l using the same stix-lot-nr. on Refloflux S machines, was found in 86 individuals. These were then followed up with two fasting blood-glucose measurements carried out in a central laboratory, whereby 34 patients with NIDDM were identified. The newly-diagnosed NIDDM patients mostly suffered from diseases related to the insulin resistance syndrome, and we thus recommend measurement of non-fasting blood-glucose as a screening procedure in such patients. When carrying out measurements in general practice, it is important to know the precision and accuracy of the apparatus used.
 ...
PMID:[Selective screening for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A study among 35-69 year-old patients at risk in general practice in Kolding]. 801 51

Steroid withdrawal has potential risks (rejection) and benefits (fewer complications). Most data on steroid-related complications predates cyclosporine (CsA). We tabulated the incidence of posttransplant complications considered to be steroid-related in 748 adult kidney transplant recipients (with at least 1 year of follow-up) on CsA and prednisone. Using logistic regression analysis, we considered the effects of pre- and postoperative variables for these complications: cataracts; new-onset post-transplant diabetes; bone/joint complications; avascular necrosis; and posttransplant hypertension. Variables included pretransplant steroid therapy; initial steroid dose; prednisone dose at 1 month and 1 year; steroid-treated rejection episodes; cumulative time on steroids; sex; age; race; pretransplant hypertension; pretransplant diabetes; donor source; nonsteroid treated rejection episodes; other immunosuppressive therapy; cumulative time on dialysis; and previous renal or extrarenal transplants. Cataracts occurred in 21.1%, new-onset posttransplant diabetes in 7.6%, bone/joint complications in 49.9%, avascular necrosis in 5.5%, and post-transplant hypertension in 74.9% of recipients. Significant variables for cataract development were prednisone dose at 1 year (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32; p < 0.05), cumulative time on steroids (OR = 1.65; p < 0.001), age > 50 years (OR = 1.85; p < 0.0001), and pretransplant diabetes (OR = 1.63; p < 0.0001). For new-onset posttransplant diabetes, age > 50 years (OR = 1.63; p < 0.05) and nonwhite race (OR = 2.12; p < 0.001) were significant. For bone/joint complications, cumulative time on steroids was significant (OR = 1.45; p < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Steroid-related complications in the cyclosporine era. 806 60

From 1977 till 1991, the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus was made on 137 children aged 18 years or under in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. The medical records were reviewed and the clinical data were analysed with emphasis on the morbidity and mortality of this disease. The clinical and laboratory characteristics were similar to the findings from most other reports. Renal failure accounted for 8% of the initial presentation. The non-infectious complications were, in the order of frequencies, hypertension, avascular necrosis of femoral head, cataract, encephalopathy, and venous thrombosis. Sepsis, cutaneous infection and urinary tract infection were the frequently encountered infectious complications. The major causes of death in childhood onset systemic lupus erythematosus were sepsis (42%) and renal failure (30.7%). Forty patients were lost to follow-up. The 5-year survival rate, calculated by life-table, was 76.3%.
 ...
PMID:The morbidity and mortality associated with childhood onset systemic lupus erythematosus. 806 33


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>