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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of acute intraoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage (AISH) was studied in 2,839 consecutive extracapsular cataract extraction cases operated by nucleus expression and phacoemulsification. Twenty-five eyes (0.9%) were identified with this complication. Acute intraoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage was defined as the acute accumulation of fluid in the suprachoroidal space which resulted from a presumed suprachoroidal hemorrhage at the time of surgery. Preoperative risk factors for the development of this complication included advanced age and the presence of glaucoma. Sex, controlled hypertension, long axial length, and method of cataract removal could not be identified as significant risk factors. Recognition of the early signs of AISH and initiation of rapid wound closure followed by the completion of secondary operations performed the next day helped to meet the surgical objective and to provide excellent visual results, with 21 eyes (84%) having a visual acuity of 20/30 or better.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1986 Nov
PMID:Acute intraoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage in extracapsular cataract surgery. 349 Dec 6

Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before and 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior chambers lens in 3 groups of patients. Group I (30 patients): Sodium hyaluronate (Healon) was used during anterior capsulotomy and lens implantation and was aspirated at the end of surgery. Group II (22 patients): Healon as in group I + 500 mg acetazolamide at the end of surgery. Group III (17 patients): BSS and/or air was used instead of Healon during surgery. In all groups statistically significant rises in IOP after 6 h were followed by significant falls in the remaining post-operative period. The rise and subsequent fall in IOP was significantly greater in group I than in group III. Acetazolamide in group II did not prevent excessive rises in IOP. Aspiration probably shortens the period of Healon-induced hypertension. We recommend a meticulous aspiration of Healon at the end of surgery.
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PMID:Intraocular pressure in the first days after implantation of posterior chamber lenses with the use of sodium hyaluronate (Healon). 352 3

Chronic and recurrent choroidal (ciliochoroidal) detachments developed following glaucoma filtration surgery in 14 eyes of 13 patients during a 9-year period. Three specific subgroups were identified: recurrent, inflammatory, and chronic (present for more than 6 months). The factors that may be related to the development of chronic and recurrent choroidal detachments included patient age (mean, 68.8 years), systemic hypertension or atherosclerotic heart disease, hyperopia, aqueous suppressant therapy, ocular inflammation, and full-thickness filtration surgery. A total of 46 choroidal detachments in 14 eyes were recorded and required drainage of suprachoroidal fluid on 34 occasions. All eyes developed visually significant cataracts, and complete resolution of the recurrent or chronic choroidal detachment occurred following cataract extraction in six eyes. Treatment of chronic and recurrent choroidal detachments should include intense therapy of ocular inflammation, discontinuation of medications that can incite ocular inflammation, discontinuation of topical and systemic aqueous suppressant therapy, and when a visually significant cataract is present, cataract extraction combined with a choroidal tap should be performed.
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PMID:Chronic and recurrent choroidal detachment after glaucoma filtering surgery. 357 81

This study was designed to compare the prevalence of obesity, high blood pressure, diabetic vascular disease, and risk factors in Black West Indians who had emigrated to Britain (WIB) with those in Whites in England and among diabetic Jamaicans in Jamaica. Seventy-seven consecutive WIB patients were matched for age, sex, known duration of diabetes, and type of treatment of diabetes with 74 Whites from the same diabetes clinic in England. In Jamaica, a systematic random sample (95 women, 36 men) was studied. There was no difference in age at diagnosis between WIBs and Jamaicans. Effort chest pain (possible angina) was less frequent in WIBs (9%) or Jamaicans (3%) than in Whites (25%). Cigarette smoking was more common in WIBs than in Whites but still low in Jamaicans. Body mass index was greatest in WIB women (85%), significantly more than in matched White (52%) or Jamaican women (45%); 40% of White men and WIB men were obese, significantly more than Jamaicans (15% obese). Systolic blood pressure was similar, but diastolic blood pressure was significantly greater in WIBs than in matched White subjects. The prevalence of casual hypertension was high (greater than 40%) in all groups, often despite treatment. Cataracts were significantly more frequent in WIB and Jamaican groups than in Whites. Total background retinopathy after correcting for duration of diabetes did not differ between groups, and there were no significant differences in other complication rates. Levels of HbA1 were lower in Whites than in the other groups. Regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure was most consistently related to complications, particularly retinopathy, independent of ethnic group and duration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Black West Indian and matched white diabetics in Britain compared with diabetics in Jamaica: body mass, blood pressure, and vascular disease. 358 77

In a previous paper we reported an elevated incidence of systemic illnesses in a population of 846 cataract patients. The charts were reviewed to determine the prevalence of systemic illnesses and of drug allergy. Elevated rates of hypertension (46.0%), diabetes mellitus (15.8%), glaucoma (11.0%) and drug allergy (30.6%) were found. Recommendations are made for preoperative assessment of cataract patients.
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PMID:Systemic illnesses in cataract patients: 2. Prevalence. 359 6

Cataracts were apparently fixed in the genome of a highly inbred strain of Dahl salt-sensitive (S/JR) rat during the course of the selection for hypertension. Cataracts were present in S/JR rats inbred for more than 40 generations, but were not present in any of the salt-resistant rats (R/JR) inbred and observed during the same time. Light and electron microscopic evaluation of 11 pairs of S/JR rat lenses revealed a large posterior capsular defect and marked degenerative changes in lens fibers in each case. While the reason for the posterior capsular break is unclear, the cataract is probably a manifestation of an abnormal recessive gene or a recent autosomal dominant mutation.
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PMID:Hereditary cataracts in the John Rapp inbred strain of Dahl salt-sensitive rat. 361 May 57

Most of the estimated 40 million blind individuals in the world are in the older age groups. Data on blindness and visual impairment are primarily from blindness registries and prevalence surveys in different countries throughout the world. The quality of these data vary tremendously from one country to another, and comparability of the results from different studies is difficult. However, all studies indicate an increase in the prevalence of visual loss and blindness with increasing age. Cataract is the most prevalent eye disease in the world and is a major cause of visual loss in developing as well as in developed countries. Other major eye diseases in the elderly include age related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. A number of risk factors have been suggested for cataract, age related macular degeneration, and glaucoma, yet few have been well established. Certain factors for these conditions are similar, including age, hypertension, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and nutritional factors such as Vitamin E. Epidemiologic studies are needed to define the risk factors for these different eye diseases with the goal of decreasing risk of disease and possible disease prevention, as well as developing better estimates of the magnitude of the problems of visual loss and eye diseases in the elderly.
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PMID:Epidemiology of eye disease in the elderly. 365 39

The well-known different morphological features observed in so-called senile cataract are probably symptoms of various pathogenetic mechanisms in the lens. In order to identify a relationship between type of cataract and special risk factors, a cataract classification system using Scheimpflug photography has been developed. Data of 288 cataract patients (case histories and blood chemistries) have been grouped according to differences in cataract morphology. The multivariate analyses showed the following five variables to be important and to contribute independently to the differentiation of cataract types: cholelithiasis, allergy, heart insufficiency, pneumonia, and age. A case-control study without consideration of cataract morphology showed the following variables to be important and to associate independently with the risk of developing cataracts: age, allergy, diabetes, hypotension, hypertension, use of analgesics, and coronary disease.
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PMID:Evaluation of cataract-related risk factors using detailed classification systems and multivariate statistical methods. 369 28

We have studied 93 cases of trabeculectomy, most of them performed on primary chronic open angle glaucomas, with a follow up of 2 to 11 years. Reviewing of the results point out that intraocular pressure stabilization over a long time period is correlated to the existence of an effective subconjunctival filtering bleb. Recurrence of hypertension increases with time, but most of the cases are stabilized by medical treatment, or by laser trabeculoplasty, when it is possible. Cataract producing concerns 46% of the cases, happening within one to three years in most of them. It is greatly influenced by patients age. On the other hand, effective subconjunctival filtering bleb and transient post operative athalamy are not major factors.
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PMID:[Long-term results of trabeculectomy]. 383 86

75 eyes underwent intracapsular cataract extraction with primary Choyce Mk IX anterior chamber lens implantation. None of these eyes had a traumatic or a secondary cataract, and follow up ranged from 3 to 27 months, 6 months or more for 80% of the eyes. Final visual acuity was 3/6 or better for 67 eyes (89,3%). The most frequent cause of poor final VA was cystoid macular edema in 4 cases (i.e., a 6,7% rate of significant CME). One lens was removed because it was too short and unstable with no adverse effect on the eye. One case of chronic severe corneal epithelial dystrophy occurred after uneventful surgery in a patient who had been treated for facial pain by chemical destruction of trigeminal nerve. Retinal detachment occurred in two eyes, and was successfully reattached by surgery. The presence of the implant posed no added difficulty in performing scleral buckling. In one eye, severe hypertension occurred post-operatively, this has been controlled by medical therapy and until now the eye retains very good vision. It is to be noted that in this case vitreous loss occurred at the time of lens implantation surgery. Growing experience helped us to deal effectively with the specific problems posed by these lenses, all of them in fact minor and easily controlled: iris tuck if the eye is too soft and the air bubble too large, propeller phenomenon if the implant is too short, and eye tenderness if it is too long. Our results ate very encouraging and remain good for those of our patients whose follow up is longer than 18 months.
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PMID:[Choyce's Mk IX implants after intracapsular extraction. Short and middle-term results]. 633 26


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