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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 23 year old female, born in 1957, was diagnosed as having idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura at the age of 3 and treated with prednisolone during her childhood with no response. On her regular check-up in 1978, facial edema and proteinuria suggested renal disease. The family history was negative for bleeding diathesis or renal disease. Close examination revealed the following: WBC 4,200/microliters without leukocyte inclusions, RBC 3.42 x 10(6)/microliters, Hb 11.7 g/dl. PT 10.6 sec, APTT 28.9 sec. Platelet count 4,500/microliters by HEMATRAK 360, and 40 x 10(3)/microliters measured by microscopic method. Giant platelets were noted on peripheral blood smear with an average diameter of 6.1 microns. Bleeding time (Duke) was 12.0 min. Number of megakaryocytes was increased although platelet production was remarkably decreased. Results of platelet aggregation and retention tests were normal. Platelet life span (T1/2) was 2.3 days. Sensory neural hearing loss, congenital cataract, double ureter and short small intestine were also found. Chromosome analysis showed 46XX. She underwent splenectomy resulting in increase of the platelet count to 226 x 10(3)/microliters. The increased platelet count, however, gradually decreased to the initial count in 2 years although the bleeding tendency was improved. In 1987, renal function deteriorated, causing intractable hypertension. The serum creatinine was 4.8 mg/dl. The following year she developed cerebral bleeding and died 4 days after the episode. The serum creatinine was 8.6 mg/dl.
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PMID:[Macrothrombocytopenia with deafness, nephritis, cataract, short small intestine, and double ureter]. 221 83

In this cross-sectional study, the authors evaluated 197 patients diagnosed with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) at the Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute between 1980 and 1985 to determine the risk of systemic disease and mortality. Complete follow-up information for mortality was obtained in 191 (97%). National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) patients and Wilmer cataract patients formed two comparison groups. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly elevated in the CRVO cases when compared with both comparison groups (P less than 0.03, 0.005). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was increased in CRVO cases in comparison with the NHIS group (P less than 0.005). The prevalence of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease was the same for all three groups, as was overall mortality. Mortality was not increased in CRVO cases as compared with United States mortality rates.
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PMID:The risk for systemic vascular diseases and mortality in patients with central retinal vein occlusion. 225 27

Our earlier studies of cataracts in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats suggested the possibility of altered lens ion transport as a contributing factor in cataractogenesis in this genetic model. We also observed that those weanling DS rats with the greatest pressor response to a high salt diet eventually developed cataracts, and that changes in salt intake modified cataract formation. In the present studies, we measured lens 86Rb uptake as an index of sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase [(Na+,K+)-ATPase] activity in weanling DS rats before the development of cataracts or sustained hypertension. Additionally, plasma renin activity was measured to indirectly assess our hypothesis that the difference between cataract-prone DS rats and DS rats unlikely to develop cataracts might be a difference in degree of salt sensitivity. At the age of 4 weeks, 50 DS and 25 salt-resistant (DR) rats were given a high sodium diet for 2 weeks, at which time the rats were divided into three groups based on the systolic blood pressure response, that is, cataract-prone DS rats with systolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 155 mm Hg, DS rats unlikely to develop cataracts with systolic blood pressure less than or equal to 125 mm Hg, and DR rats. Lens and aqueous humor Na+ and K+, lens dry weight, and water content were not significantly different among the three groups of weanling rats. Plasma renin activity was lowest in cataract-prone DS rats and low in DS rats unlikely to develop cataracts when compared with values in DR rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypertension 1990 Feb
PMID:Lenticular rubidium uptake and plasma renin activity in weanling cataract-prone salt-sensitive rats. 240 57

About 5% of total world population is affected by diabetes mellitus syndrome, with an expected increasing trend in the next years. Retinopathy, among the different diabetic complications, is the second cause (being cataract the first) of legal blindness in the industrialized countries. The range of results obtained from prevalence studies, mainly conducted in Anglo-saxon countries, varies from 5% to 70% in connection with the following risk factors: patient's age at the diagnosis date, duration of disease, metabolic control, arterial hypertension and lipidoproteinosis. Smoke and alcohol do not seem to be statistically relevant. The most probable mechanisms causing the retinopathy onset have been identified in the tissue hypoxia and in the vascular occlusion: the former is induced by the HA1c increase associated with hyperglycaemia; this is due to structural and hemorheologic alterations associated with diabetes syndrome. This study analysis the relations between diabetic retinopathy and beta-cellular reserve and cardio-vascular risk factors. 181 diabetics have been considered, subdivided into three groups: Type I diabetics and Type II diabetics and Type II diabetics (both without considering the duration of disease) and diabetics with over 10 years of disease. In each group the correlations between retinopathy severity and cardiovascular risk factors and beta-cellular reserve have been investigated. The results confirm that patient's age, duration of disease and metabolic control are statistically significant in relation to retinal lesion severity. The investigation on beta-cellular reserve, even though the results are not statistically significant, presents a trend towards lower values in more severe retinopathy.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy]. 248 33

A prospective study of preoperative risk factors in extracapsular cataract surgery was undertaken. The study included 2042 planned extracapsular cataract extractions in 1772 patients performed by 12 surgeons between February, 1986 and June, 1988. The possible risk factors to be analysed included sex, age, right or left eye, axial length, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, preceding blunt ocular trauma, diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension. Capsular breaks occurred in 2.9% and vitreous loss in 1.9% of our patients. A significant increase in the frequency of capsular breaks was observed for patients under the age of 41 and for patients with diabetes mellitus, vitreous loss being observed significantly more frequently in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. A slight but insignificant increase in capsular breaks was observed for male patients, left eyes, eyes smaller than 22 mm, pseudoexfoliation syndrome and systemic hypertension. Advanced age, myopia and previous blunt trauma were not found to be significant risk factors for capsular breaks or vitreous loss. We recommend careful preoperative patient examination to identify preoperative risk factors and possibly avoid intraoperative complications.
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PMID:[Risk factors for capsular rupture and vitreous loss in extracapsular cataract extraction. The Erlangen Ophthalmology Group]. 258 31

448 Sudanese diabetics were included in this study. 30% of patients were in the age group 40-50 years and only 6.3% had childhood diabetes. The predominant sex was female (64.5%). Obesity was found in 39% of patients, a positive family history in 66.5% and a history of diabetic ketoacidosis in 25.2%. 100 patients (below the age of 40) had a plain X-ray abdomen done but none had evidence of pancreatic calcification. Percentages of diabetic complications in this study were as follows: neuropathy 28.1%, retinopathy 18.5%, cataract 14.7%, hypertension 12.9%, nephropathy 11.6%, peripheral vascular disease 6.2%, coronary heart disease 4.2% and pulmonary tuberculosis 2.7%. The majority of our patients were uncontrolled, only 16.7% had normoglycaemia (FBG less than 140 mg%).
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PMID:Pattern of diabetes mellitus in the Sudan. 263 51

The authors conducted a case-control hospital-based study to assess the prevalence of systemic diseases and drugs in 161 cataract extraction patients and 196 surgical patients matched by age, sex, and race. The data were analyzed using matched multiple logistic regressions. A statistically significant increased risk of cataract extraction was found in patients with systemic hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-2.09) and diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.23-2.60). Estimation of the combined effect of systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus resulted in an even higher risk for cataract extraction (OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.67-4.23). A positive association of cataract extraction and treatment of systemic hypertension with the diuretic furosemide was also found (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.02-3.74).
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PMID:Association of systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus with cataract extraction. A case-control study. 267 89

Several reports have suggested an association between chronic allopurinol ingestion and cortical and subcapsular cataract formation. To examine this possibility we identified 51 allopurinol users and compared their lenses with those of 76 patients who did not use allopurinol. The existence of lens opacities and the level of visual acuity were assessed by review of medical records or by prospective ophthalmic examinations; in both phases of the study the examiners were blinded as to the patient's use or non-use of allopurinol. Three different outcomes were considered: formation of any cataract, formation of a posterior subcapsular cataract, and formation of a cataract contributing to a corrected visual acuity of 20/30 or worse. The risk ratio for the formation of any cataract was 1.3 (95% confidence interval: 0.8, 2.0), the risk ratio for the formation of a posterior subcapsular cataract was 0.9 (0.3, 2.0), and the risk ratio for the formation of a cataract contributing to a loss of visual acuity was 1.3 (0.6, 2.9). None of these risk ratios was changed appreciably after controlling for age, sex, hypertension, or diabetes. Thus, after a mean of 6.9 years of allopurinol use, we found no evidence to confirm that allopurinol users were at higher risk of acquiring cataracts.
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PMID:Allopurinol use and the risk of cataract formation. 270 6

The prevalence of open-angle glaucoma is believed to be very high among West Indian blacks. To begin investigating the prevalence and risk factors for glaucoma and other eye diseases in Barbados, WI, a pilot study was conducted. The pilot project identified a stratified, random national sample of 300 persons over 35 years of age who were invited to participate in an ophthalmic examination and an interview. Of those contacted 89% were eligible and 95% of these agreed to participate. The overall glaucoma prevalence in the participants was 6%; it was 13% among black and mixed persons over 54 years. Age related cataract, hypertension, and diabetes were frequent findings. Although the sample size of the pilot project is small, the results suggest a high prevalence of glaucoma in Barbados, a finding that merits further study.
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PMID:A pilot project of glaucoma in Barbados. 273 Aug 59

Extracapsular extraction of cataract followed by I.O.L., implantation in P.C. was performed in 10 patients affected by Primary Ocular Hypertension and cataract. The aim of this study was to evaluate if implantation could support a modification of I.O.P. and an evolution from hypertension to glaucoma. The postsurgical stability of I.O.P., the absence of alterations in visual field and optic disc during the 6 months after surgery demonstrate that ocular hypertension is not contraindicative to I.O.L. implantation in P.C.
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PMID:Extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber implantation in primary ocular hypertension: preliminary report. 274 56


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