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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 64 male patients with varying forms of coronary heart disease (CHD), aged 43 to 65 years, and free of diabetes mellitus, obesity and arterial hypertension symptoms, were studied in conditions of emotional stress simulated, using the method of mental calculations with shifts of attention under time shortage. Pre- and post-exercise blood levels of cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP), the somatotropic hormone and immunoreactive insulin were measured. Stress-induced decrease in platelet cAMP/cGMP ratios, indicative of further increase in the functional activity of platelets, was demonstrated in coronary patients with marked coronary atherosclerosis, as contrasted to normal subjects and patients with milder disease. They also showed a more considerable (sixfold) increase in the somatotropic hormone levels and a tendency to decreased levels of immunoreactive insulin under stress, apparently as a consequence of the prevailing activation of alpha-adrenoreceptor pathways.
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PMID:[Dynamics of cyclase systems and hormonal indices in patients with ischemic heart disease in a state of emotional stress]. 300 51

Based on psycho-physiological, clinical and epidemiological studies, essential arterial hypertension is considered to be a consequence of an inadequate 'person-environment fit', objectively, subjectively or both. Besides genetic predisposition, salt intake, obesity and physical inactivity, psychological factors--among them 'hyper-reactivity' of the sympathetic nervous system, predisposing behaviour patterns and stressful life-events--should be taken into account in reaching a better understanding of the causes, prediction and prevention of hypertension. It was demonstrated that a maladaptation in various functional systems, even to minor psycho-emotional stress, is an important pathogenetic link between environment, objectively defined stressors and blood pressure regulation from the earliest phases of the disease. Implications for further research and behavioural interventions, together with other lifestyle-related factors, are discussed for improving the population-based health care in cardiovascular disease in the G.D.R.
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PMID:Life stress and hypertension. 303 55

In normotensive, barodenervated rats and those with experimental renal hypertension, arterial BP, heart rate and behaviour were recorded during aversive emotional stress. Cardiochronotropic component of the baroreceptor reflex and the activity of the energy metabolism enzymes were tested in structures of the medulla oblongata. The depression of the baroreceptor reflex in hypertensive rats was accompanied by no significant changes of enzymatic activity in the nucleus tractus solitarii but led to biphasic reactions of the BP during emotional stress. A possible role of the baroreceptor reflex suppression in genesis of hypertension is discussed.
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PMID:[Character of the baroreceptor reflexes in experimental arterial hypertension]. 324 78

Epidemiologic and experimental studies disclosed that the sympathetic nervous system might play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Although systolic pressure exhibits a weak endogenous rhythm, diurnal fluctuations of arterial pressure are provoked primarily by physical or emotional stress factors. The magnitude of the cardiovascular response, however, varies widely from individual to individual. Subjects at high risk of future hypertension,--such as those with a positive history of familial hypertension, high resting heart rate, or transient increase in arterial hypertension--revealed blood pressure hyperresponsiveness to stress stimuli mediated by an overreactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. Furthermore, cardiovascular reactivity to mental arithmetic tasks and to traffic noise put a patient at high risk of developing arterial hypertension. In women, exaggerated cardiovascular response to stress stimuli appeared to be mitigated by estrogens, whereas oral contraceptives overrode this 'protective' effect of estrogens. At a certain point, repeated episodes of high stress blood pressure could produce structural vascular changes finally inducing sustained hypertension.
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PMID:Psychophysiologic aspects in essential hypertension. 333 31

Seventy-five male patients with arterial hypertension were exposed to psycho-emotional stress (PES). One group was investigated, using mental arithmetic exercise (MA), and the other, using a clock or compass model (C/C). The measurements were made in the absence of medication and using a 40 mg propranolol dose. The prevalent rise in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, minute volume and total peripheral resistance, associated with the MA model, is suggestive of PES-induced beta-adrenoreceptor activation. Conversely, diastolic hypertension prevailing over a moderate rise in heart rate where the C/C model was used is an evidence that there is no considerable beta-receptor activation by this test. In group 1, propranolol treatment depressed systolic, but not diastolic, arterial blood pressure, and considerably raised total peripheral resistance, whereas in group 2 both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, minute volume and total peripheral resistance declined after treatment. It is suggested that the blockade of beta-receptors has a greater hypotensive effect where those are not activated excessively, as there is no associated compensatory adjustment of the adrenoreceptor apparatus.
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PMID:[Effect of propranolol on hemodynamic manifestations of emotional stress of different types in patients with arterial hypertension]. 337 80

In healthy subjects and in patients with beginning hypertension the blood flow in the forearm muscles was studied in resting as well as in hyperemia induced with excitation of the sympathetic nervous system. The blood flow and the hyperemia proved to be considerably smaller in the patients whereas the blood flow in mental stress was much greater in them as compared to healthy subjects. In emotional stress, the hyperemia considerably decreased in healthy subjects. In maximal vasodilatation induced with cessation of blood flow in limbs, the reflex vasoconstrictory responses were preserved. The data obtained suggest sympathetic influences upon the induced hyperemia and deny the phenomenon of functional sympatholysis.
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PMID:[Effect of the sympathetic nervous system on local physical and chemical mechanisms of regulating circulation in skeletal muscles]. 356 99

To examine the effect of stressful life events and chronic emotional distress in the development of hypertension, we compared the blood pressure of 1,150 Israelis (aged 50 to 80) who immigrated from Europe before 1939 with that of 2,159 European-born Israelis who immigrated to Israel after World War II. Most of the subjects were examined as part of a periodical health examination offered by their employers. There were only minor differences in age, height, country of origin and level of education between the two groups. There was no difference in the prevalence of hypertension between the two immigration groups, and a similar percentage of both groups were receiving treatment. Hypertension was defined as any one or more of the following: supine systolic greater than or equal to 160 mm Hg, diastolic greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg, or treatment with antihypertensive medications. Analysis of variance showed that age, sex and degree of obesity were the main factors contributing to the blood pressure. Although the degree of emotional stress was greater in the Holocaust survivors, there was no correlation between level of emotional distress, satisfaction with life or number of psychosomatic complaints and level of blood pressure or prevalence of hypertension.
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PMID:Hypertension in European immigrants to Israel--the possible effect of the holocaust. 362 84

The behaviour of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR strain), rats with inherited stress induced arterial hypertension (ISIAH, a new developed strain), and of their normotensive Wistar progenitors was studied. The open-field arena and a device for measuring the total activity in the home cage were used in the behavioural studies. The SHR were much more active in the open--field and home cage tests than the Wistar and ISIAH rats. The basal locomotor activity of the ISIAH strain was lower than that of the Wistar rats, but the ISIAH strain had an index of behavioural reactivity 2.7 fold higher than the Wistar or SHR strains. These behavioural characteristics corresponded to the hypertension patterns of the strains compared. Enhanced spontaneous locomotion of the SHR rats was associated with spontaneous increase in arterial blood pressure. The ISIAH rats showed low spontaneous locomotor activity, but high behavioural and blood pressure reactivity under conditions of mild emotional stress.
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PMID:[Features of the behavior of the rat with hereditarily determined arterial hypertension]. 379 74

The adrenocortical function of adult normotensive (Wistar) and hypertensive rats with hereditary stress-induced arterial hypertension was studied after the injection of hydrocortisone to their mothers on the 16th and 18th days of gestation. Prenatal hydrocortisone treatment decreased adrenocortical reactivity to emotional stress or to intracerebroventricular injection of norepinephrine in adult Wistar rats, but did not modify the reaction to stress induced by bleeding, ether anesthesia or central stimulation with carbocholine. Hormonal treatment did not change the reactivity of rats with hereditary stress-induced arterial hypertension to both stress factors employed, enhanced it by intracerebral norepinephrine injection but decreased it by carbocholine intracerebroventricular injection. Thus, the interstrain differences in the modification action of the hormones were observed. These differences may be caused by peculiar brain organization of hypertensive rats, namely their decreased reactivity to norepinephrine.
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PMID:[Prenatal hydrocortisone modification of the adrenocortical function of adult rats with hereditary arterial hypertension]. 382 3

The central nervous system has an important role in the second-to-second regulation of cardiac activity and vasomotor tone. Central lesions that lead to a disturbance in autonomic activity tend to cause electrocardiographic and pathological evidence of myocardial damage, cardiac arrhythmias, and disturbances of arterial blood pressure regulation. To a great extent such cardiovascular disturbances result from alterations in sympathetic activity. Similar alterations in sympathetic activity can occur under conditions of emotional stress and precipitate cardiac arrhythmias that can themselves lead to the syndrome of sudden death. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that central neural mechanisms may be involved in this important human syndrome, but no central lesion has yet been identified to account for it. Recent experimental evidence, derived from hypertension research, suggests that chemical disturbances in the central nervous system, without accompanying structural lesions, may be found to explain cardiovascular disturbances such as sudden death and hypertension.
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PMID:Cardiovascular regulation and lesions of the central nervous system. 389 97


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