Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Smoking tobacco contributes to and exacerbates many chronic diseases of aging, including hypertension, stroke, COPD, heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It is also associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcers and of cancers of the lungs and oral cavity. Older patients generally continue to smoke because of physiologic and psychological addiction to nicotine. Nicotine administration through gum or patch eases the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal for highly-tolerant patients. Detecting and treating alcohol abuse, depression, or life stress may then make it easier to motivate the patient to quit smoking. Physician advice combined with follow-up visits and phone calls has been shown to be one of most effective methods of getting patients to stop smoking.
 ...
PMID:Smoking cessation: clinical steps to improve compliance. 838 53

The influence of alcohol on portal vein haemodynamics was assessed prospectively in 30 patients (20 men, 10 women; mean age 54.3 [34-70] years) with nutritional-toxic cirrhosis of the liver (Child-Pugh stages A-C) and portal vein hypertension. During the period of observation hepatic vein occlusion pressure as an indirect measure of portal vein pressure was repeatedly determined. In addition, the size of oesophageal varices and the Child-Pugh stage were monitored. After complete alcohol abstinence of one year, portal vein pressure fell from 23.11 to 12.43 mm Hg (-46%, P < 0.001), the Child-Pugh score from 8.08 to 7.2 (-10.9%, not significant), and the size of oesophageal varices was reduced from grade 1.33 to grade 0.79 (-40%, P < 0.02). On resuming alcohol abuse, portal vein pressure increased by an average of 10 mm Hg (+60%, P < 0.001) to its previous level of 25 mm Hg. The portal vein pressure has thus proved to be a sensitive gauge of alcohol abstinence or abuse. Lasting, absolute alcohol abstinence is essential in nutritional-toxic liver cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:[The effect of alcohol on portal vein hemodynamics in nutritional-toxic liver cirrhosis]. 842 61

A series of 166 American Indian renal biopsy specimens from 1971 to 1989 showed a very high proportion with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with mesangial immunoglobulin deposition (Ig-pos mesGN). This disease comprised 68.7% of all the biopsies and 83.8% of all primary GN, proportions much greater than those (23.5% and 37.7%, respectively) of a local contemporaneous biopsy series from non-Indians (P < 0.001). These proportions and the extrapolated population-based incidence rates of mesGN are the highest yet described in any population. Males and females were equally represented in the Indian Ig-pos mesGN series. Biopsy was most commonly performed in early adulthood, but duration of suspected disease prior to biopsy was often many years. Mesangial glomerulonephritis often occurred in family clusters. It was occasionally associated with rashes, arthralgias, and/or a history of alcohol abuse. Due to different surveillance and biopsy practices, the spectrum of severity was different in Zunis and Navajos, allowing examination of clinicopathologic correlations over a broad range of disease. Early disease was manifest by microscopic hematuria alone, but rates of severe disease, with hypertension, heavy proteinuria, and renal insufficiency, were very high. Clinical severity increased with age, with extension of pathology beyond the mesangium, and with scarring and vascular change. Changing patterns of deposition of mesangial immunoglobulin and of electron-dense deposits in sequential biopsy specimens, recurrence of disease in kidney transplants, and biopsy diagnosis of disease in asymptomatic relatives of afflicted subjects were all observed. Five-year renal failure rates were estimated at 41%, much higher than in most other series. This disease constituted most biopsied cases of GN-end stage renal disease in Navajos, and largely determined the young age of Navajo GN-end stage renal disease subjects compared with their US-wide counterparts. To reconcile the diversity of clinical and morphologic findings in such homogeneous ethnic groups, and in individual families within such groups, we propose a unifying hypothesis for a broader spectrum of mesGN than traditionally defined by immunoglobulin subtype deposition. We also argue against a major role for IgA aggregates or immune complexes in initiating or propagating the mesangial inflammatory process, and propose that mesangial pathology of another, independent cause might be primary. Hyperinsulinemia, or insulin resistance, which is common in these populations and in other transitional populations with similar GN and ESRD patterns, might be one such mesangiopathic factor.
 ...
PMID:Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in southwestern American Indians. 848 16

Seventy-eight male diabetics with sexual dysfunction were evaluated by a thorough history, general physical, psychological, neurological and urological examinations, routine laboratory tests, and a duplex ultrasound scan with intracavernous injection of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). The mean patient age was 55.9 years, and the average onset of sexual dysfunction was 10.0 years after the diagnosis of diabetes. Sixty-eight patients (87.2%) had moderate or severe cavernous arterial insufficiency. Older patients and those having a longer duration of diabetes had a higher incidence of cavernous arterial insufficiency. Cigarette smoking, hypertension, and alcohol abuse were also related to cavernous arterial insufficiency. There was no significant difference in cavernous arterial insufficiency between the insulin-dependent and the insulin-nondependent groups. There were significant differences of diameters and peak blood flow velocities of cavernous arteries between 78 diabetic impotent patients and 10 controls. These findings strongly suggest that the cavernous arterial insufficiency is closely related to the diabetic impotence. In addition, the prevalence of cavernous arterial insufficiency increases with age, duration of diabetes, cigarette smoking, hypertension and alcohol abuse, but it is not definitely correlated with the type of diabetes management.
 ...
PMID:Penile blood flow study in diabetic impotence. 850 92

In Spain in recent years two studies have been carried out into the prevalence of stroke. In the study made in Girona of the rural population over 64 years of age, the prevalence for stroke was 4,012 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The figure was higher for women- 5,072 -than for men 2,675 cases. Transient Ischaemic Attacks (TIA) had a prevalence rate of 679 cases per 100,000 population of those aged over sixty-nine, being higher for men (1,161 cases) than for women (371 cases). The results from Girona differ from the findings in other Spanish regions in that the former are lower but at the same time are similar to those obtained in other western countries. The greatest risk factors for those over 69 years old were arterial hypertension, earlier episodes of TIA, diabetes, auricular fibrillation, congestive cardiac insufficiency, chronic bronchitis, myocardial infarction peripheral vascular-diseases, arteriosclerosis, heart disease with embolization and alcohol abuse.
 ...
PMID:[Prevalence of cerebrovascular disease in Spain: a study in a rural area of Girona]. 855 97

In Spain in recent years several studies have been carried out into the incidence of acute stroke among the population at large. The average figure for incidence in these studies was 227 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, ranging from a low of 163 to a high of 323 cases. In the study made among the rural population of Girona the incidence rate was 257 cases per 100,000 inhabitants which was reduced to 134 cases when adjustment was made with world population. The overall incidence rate for stroke was 193 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with that for first stroke being 174 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The incidence of Transient Ischaemic Attacks (TIA) was 64 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Acute stroke incidence was greater in men (364 per 100,000) than in women (149 per 100,000). The fatality rate for acute stroke in the first month was 38 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Significant risk factors in acute stroke were alcohol abuse, hypertension, valvulopathy, earlier episodes of stroke and TIA and emboligenous source of cardiac origin.
 ...
PMID:[Incidence of cerebrovascular disease in Spain: a study in a rural area of Girona]. 855 96

"Non response" to treatment of hypertension may have different reasons: it may be "physician-related" ("white coat hypertension"), of "patient related" (poor adherence to prescribed medication, alcohol abuse, obesity) and it may really be a "resistant hypertension". In such cases one should search for a primary disease. If no such disease is found one should--according to the time-factor--wait for several weeks before increasing the dose; later on one should switch to another drug with a different mechanism of action and, if necessary, use a rational combination.
 ...
PMID:[Refractory hypertension--principles of combination therapy]. 857 49

Secondary hyperlipoproteinemias are found in connection with other primary organic diseases. Typical examples are those seen with diabetes mellitus, liver and kidney diseases. In addition there are changes induced by hormonal dysfunctions such as hypothyroidism, by the use of oral contraceptives or in postmenopausal women. During pregnancy there is a physiological transient increase in lipoproteins. In addition to primary organic diseases there are a number of exogenous factors such as obesity, malnutrition and alcohol abuse causing hyperlipidemia. The relation between hypertension and hyperlipidemia described as familial dyslipidemic hypertension is less well known. Obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia and impaired glucose tolerance are the basic conditions of the metabolic syndrome. Familial combined hyperlipidemia is a genetically determined, dyslipidemic syndrome with a high prevalence among patients with coronary artery disease and stroke. As there are some links between familial combined hyperlipidemia and secondary hyperlipoproteinemias, this disease entity is discussed together in this paper. Familial combined hyperlipidemia is metabolically, genetically and by this on a molecular level closely linked to familial dyslipidemic hypertension as well as the metabolic syndrome. The exact mechanism of this disease is currently unknown.
 ...
PMID:[Secondary disorders of lipid metabolism, metabolic syndrome and familial combined hyperlipidemia]. 865 Sep 33

The present study evaluates the relationship of different alcohol consumption levels to blood pressure among women. Blood pressure values were compared between four groups of women consuming different amounts of alcohol. Three groups were formed from the middle-aged female population participating in a health survey (n = 219): 15 consecutive alcohol abstainers, 136 consecutive moderate drinkers, and 68 consecutive heavy drinkers. Also, 78 consecutive female alcoholics reporting for treatment were included, forming the fourth group. The prevalence of systolic blood pressure > or = 160 mm Hg did not increase in relation to alcohol consumption. In contrast, the percentage of women showing diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mm Hg clearly increased (p = 0.004) from abstainers (7%) to moderate drinkers (18%), to heavy drinkers (32%), and to alcoholics (37%). The highest blood pressure values were found among heavy drinkers. Compared with abstainers, the mean difference in systolic blood pressure was -12 mm Hg, with a 95% confidence interval from -2 to -23 mm Hg. For diastolic blood pressure, the difference was -6 mm Hg with a 95% confidence interval from 1 to -13 mm Hg. Among alcoholics, the blood pressure values had returned essentially to normal after 4 days of abstinence. It is concluded that alcohol consumption increases both systolic and diastolic blood pressure values among women. However, only diastolic blood pressure values increase enough to be clinically significant. Moderately elevated diastolic blood pressure, combined with normal systolic blood pressure, might thus be a possible sign of alcohol abuse among women. Abstinence should be emphasized as an inexpensive and rapidly effective treatment for mild hypertension among female alcohol abusers.
 ...
PMID:High diastolic blood pressure: common among women who are heavy drinkers. 865 61

Recipient vessels from the head and neck region were histologically examined in 30 patients who had undergone extensive tumor resection necessitating microvascular tissue reconstruction. Past illnesses considered to be risk factors included hypertension, myocardial disease, lung disease, cirrhosis, diabetes, nephritis, as well as extensive nicotine and alcohol abuse. Blood vessels chosen for microsurgical anastomosis were exclusively examined histologically in this study. Patients undergoing microvascular surgery demonstrated vessel abnormalities in 93%. The frequency of dysplasia was higher in the arteries than in the veins (73% and 26%, respectively). Marked thickening of the blood vessel wall and severe exfoliation of the endothelial cells were observed in most arteries. Fibrodysplasia and exfoliated endothelial cells were more frequently observed in the recipient arteries than the graft arteries. Only slight thickening of the vessel wall and mild fibrodysplasia were seen in the veins. Two graft failures were correlated to technical errors rather than pre-existing vessel lesions. This study revealed that most patients undergoing microsurgery in the head and neck region demonstrate pre-existing damage in vessels, which generally hinders anastomosis. Although the study tried to identify fully the interrelationships between the extent of dysplasia, past medical history, preoperative therapy, risk factors and factors that cause free-graft failure, pre-existing changes in the recipient and graft vessels may cause technical difficulties and must be regarded as additional factors contributing to graft failure.
 ...
PMID:Histological changes in vessels used for microvascular reconstruction in the head and neck. 870 38


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>