Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Liver-function tests measured routinely in hypertensive patients attending the Glasgow Blood Pressure Clinic were abnormal in 15-8% of men and 6-2% of women. The patients studied appeared to be representative of the whole clinic population. Liver dysfunction was related to alcohol consumption, heavy body-weight, male sex, young age, and higher diastolic blood-pressure. It is suggested that alcohol and obesity were the principal causal factors and that fatty infiltration of the liver was the probable pathology. Liver dysfunction was unrelated to treatment. Alcohol use was found to be heavy in 12% of male patients attending the clinic, and this was probably an underestimate. The possibility that alcohol abuse may have a causal role in hypertension needs further study.
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PMID:Liver dysfunction in hypertension. 6 96

The etiology of cerebrovascular thrombosis in normotensives has not been elucidated. This controlled retrospective study examines the association between alcoholism and cerebrovascular thrombosis in patients under age 50. The hospital records of 49 patients under age 50 with a diagnosis of cerebrovascular thrombosis without hypertension were reviewed for possible predisposing factors. Alcohol abuse is the one common denominator among the males in the study.
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PMID:Alcoholism and cerebrovascular thrombosis in the young. 47 68

Alcohol abuse is a frequent contributor to elevated blood pressure. 710 chronic alcoholics, aged 26-60 years, admitted for detoxification were studied. We compared hypertension prevalence in alcoholics with that in a similar group of non-alcoholics matched for age, sex, and miscellaneous diseases. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in heavy drinkers (11.4%) than in non drinker subjects (3.4%). Abstinence from alcohol during hospitalization was followed by normalization of hypertensive status in a high percentage of patients (70%). The majority of hypertensive alcoholics (75%) developed target organ damage ranging from retinopathy to hypertensive cardiomyopathy and renal lesion. In a 4.6 +/- 2.8 years follow-up study of 42 hypertensive alcoholic subjects, we observed that hypertension was 26% in those who abstained alcohol ingestion versus 84% in those who remained actively alcoholics. Four patients died of liver failure and two of stroke.
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PMID:[Chronic alcoholism and arterial hypertension. Contribution to the comprehension of the phenomenon and practical implications]. 143 15

Based on the methods of the Brain Stroke Register, a study was made of epidemiology and risk factors (RF) of ischemic brain stroke (IBS) in one of the cities of the Middle Ob region, numbering 220 thousand population. Based on 615 cases of IBS, a noticeable rise of the disease incidence was revealed in a group of subjects aged 40-49 years as was a high level of the morbidity and mortality among persons over 60 years. Studies into RF discovered a high portion of arterial hypertension (75.1%), atherosclerosis (44.3%), aggravated heredity (28.6%), coronary heart disease (27.9%), alcohol abuse (17.9%). In 90.8% of cases, IBS developed in the presence of unfavorable fluctuations in atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, temperature, and the rate of air movement.
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PMID:[Epidemiology and risk factors of ischemic stroke in the Middle Ob region]. 166 85

The author carried out an investigation on two groups of chronic alcoholics (heavy and moderate drinkers) in order to further discuss the problem of the relation between alcohol and hypertension. The study consisted in two stages: in the first, subjects recruited underwent repeated controls to establish the extent of alcohol abuse and the value of basal blood pressure; later, during a program of restricted alcohol consumption, further checks were made to evaluate the effect of abstension or notable reduction in alcohol intake; a progressive decrease in the blood pressure values previously registered, not dependent on changes in drugs or diet, was reported.
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PMID:[Consumption of alcohol and arterial hypertension]. 181 48

The clinical manifestations of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and myocardial infarction (MI) show certain differences in men and women. The clinical significance of coronary risk factors, including oral contraceptives (OCs), nicotine, arterial hypertension, and stress, were discussed. Smoking increases the risk of IHD more in women than men, especially in young women, those taking OCs, and those with hypercholesterolemia. Smoking also increases the risk of death in the event of myocardial infarction, reduces the age of menopause, detrimentally influences the contractile function of the left ventricle, and reduces the level of the high density lipoprotein (HDL). Alcohol in combination with OCs significantly increases the risk of myocardial infarction through the coagulation mechanism. According to investigations carried out in Goteborg, Sweden, involving women aged 50-59 during 1970-84, the risk of myocardial infarction rises significantly in this age group. Data from 1983-87 in Hungary indicated that the a average incidence of myocardial infarction in women was 14.5/10,000 vs. 35.5/10,000 in men. Investigations within the NORA program during 1970-80 in a population of 46,000 Swedish women showed that the mortality attributed to ischemic heart disease was one fifth that of men of the same age. In summary, lipid disorders in women are a key factor in pathogenesis similar to men; and estrogens exert a beneficial effect on the metabolism of lipids and provide a protective effect to women against ischemic heart disease. On the other hand, stress, the diminished role and value of motherhood, the changed value system, smoking, alcohol abuse, widespread use of OCs, and cumulative genetic factors are involved in the rising rate of ischemic heart disease. The reasons for the observed differences were not specified, neither were the determinants of an increase in morbidity owing to IHD in women. The validity of present recommendations for women at risk of developing IHD and MI was evaluated.
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PMID:[Differences and similarities in ischemic heart disease in men and women]. 184 99

The extent of infarct area (IA) on CT-scan in 104 patients with ischemic stroke (IS) was compared with the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and other risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, alcohol abuse). Infarct size was also compared with biological and clinical parameters in acute stage (6-12 h) (blood glucose level, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, haematocrit, consciousness, clinical picture) and with clinical outcome. Among risk factors, only AF showed a significant correlation with IA extension (p less than .0009). IA correlated also with consciousness (p = .0017), clinical picture (p = .0145) and with clinical outcome (p less than 10(-6). Patients with AF showed a more severe clinical outcome with respect to patients without risk factors. It could be hypothesized that patients with AF have a reduced capacity for increasing or sustaining cerebral blood flow in the acute phase of IS.
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PMID:Atrial fibrillation and infarct area extent in ischemic stroke. A clinical and neuroradiological study in 104 patients. 192 33

From February 1, 1980, to May 1, 1989, 462 patients underwent the Greenville gastric bypass at the East Carolina University School of Medicine. The operation effectively maintained satisfactory weight loss after 9 years (mean weight preoperatively, 293 lbs; at 24 months, 179 lbs; at 96 months, 194 lbs). The gastric bypass favorably affected non-insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension, and physical and role functioning. In the most recent 157 patients, our studies were extended to study the effects of the gastric bypass on mental health. The significant improvements in mental health indices that were observed 6 and 12 months after surgery eroded by the end of 2 years. This return of the mental health indices to the preoperative status, plus the late occurrence of 3 suicides and 2 deaths from alcohol abuse among the total 462 patients, suggest that long-term follow-up and continued emotional support are essential ingredients for successful bariatric surgery.
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PMID:Long-term studies of mental health after the Greenville gastric bypass operation for morbid obesity. 198 50

Alcoholism is a prevalent problem of contemporary society, yet there are virtually no clinically effective drugs for the management of this disorder. A previous study demonstrating the ability of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to attenuate voluntary alcohol intake in rats prompted the suggestion that these drugs, currently marketed for the treatment of hypertension, may also be useful in dealing with human alcohol abuse. The present experiments explored in more detail the effect and possible mechanisms of action of this class of drug on alcohol consumption in rats. Experiment one demonstrated that Abutapril, a new ACE inhibitor, significantly reduced alcohol intake and that this effect could not be blocked by either an ANG II or an opiate receptor antagonist suggesting that neither the peripheral renin-angiotensin system (RAS) nor the endogenous enkephalins are involved in the ability of ACE inhibition to attenuate alcohol intake. Experiments two and three showed that ACE inhibition effectively reduced alcohol drinking faster in animals with elevated RAS activity and not at all in animals with suppressed RAS activity indicating that initial levels of RAS activity may determine the speed and ability of ACE inhibition to attenuate alcohol intake. ACE inhibitors may reduce alcohol intake by elevating a nonapeptide fragment or by elevating central ANG II levels. The assessment of this class of drugs to reduce alcohol intake in humans should include a monitoring of the initial level of activity in the renin-angiotensin system since this may be a predictor of the effectiveness of treatment with the ACE inhibitors.
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PMID:Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors reduce alcohol consumption: some possible mechanisms and important conditions for its therapeutic use. 217 80

Vascular diseases are multifactorial, and several risk factors, such as increasing age, male sex, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemias and smoking, are well-known. In recent studies, associations have also been found between preceding infections and development of myocardial or cerebral infarction. Preceding acute respiratory infections are reported to be more common in patients with myocardial or cerebral infarction. Cerebral infarction may follow infective endocarditis, bacterial meningitis or any other bacteremic infection. Oral infections are common chronic bacterial infections. Although oral infections are local, they may lead to systemic infectious complications via stransient bacteremias, and there may also be other systemic effects, for instance, via immunologic or toxic mechanisms. Association between oral infections and vascular diseases has been studied in 2 Finnish case-control studies concerning myocardial and cerebral infarction. In these case-control studies, it was found that oral infections were more common in patients with myocardial or cerebral infarction than in their age- and sex-matched community controls. There are many factors, such as diabetes, smoking and alcohol abuse, which may predispose to both development of infarction and oral infections. Therefore, the observed association between oral infections and vascular diseases may result from these common predisposing factors, and causality between them cannot be inferred. There are, however, several possible links between oral infections and infarction. Although causality between oral infections and infarction cannot be proven, patients who have poor oral health need health education, paying attention to those common risk factors of oral infections and vascular diseases. Furthermore, their oral infections should be treated, because they may predispose to infectious complications, which may lead to infarction.
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PMID:Vascular diseases and oral infections. 220 46


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