Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Numerous studies have shown that longterm oxygen therapy in hypoxaemic patients with chronic airflow obstruction (BPCO) is capable of improving the prognosis and decreasing the risk of cardio-respiratory decompensation; in addition sometimes physical capacity and intellectual capacity is improved. Another result often noted is a reduction in the mean hospital stay which corresponds to an improvement in the quality of life. A PaO2 constantly below 55 mmHg (7.3 kPa) is defined by the majority of authors as a precarious state. At this level even a small change in alveolar ventilation or disturbance of distribution would lead to an important fall in the oxygen content of the arterial blood. The stability of the PaO2 during the weeks of respiratory reeducation with specially controlled medical treatment, as well as the willing consent of the patient and his family, are indispensable conditions for the prescription of OLT. When hypoxaemia is of moderate severity (PaO2 between 50 and 60 mmHg (6.6-8 kPa), prolonged medical treatment (with abstention from tobacco) for at least two months is advised and a study of complementary criteria to further validate the indications for oxygen. Such features would include a worsening of the hypoxaemia during exercise of 30 to 40 watts (PaO2 less than 50 mmHg, 6.6 kPa), an elevated haematocrit (greater than 55%), a rise of the P (A-a)O2 (greater than 30 mmHg or 4 kPa), a nocturnal desaturation even in the absence of apnoea (oxyhaemoglobin saturation (SaO2) of less than 80% for more than 50% of the time asleep). Added to these criteria are the radiological, echographic and clinical signs of the effect of hypoxaemia on the pulmonary circulation. Frank pulmonary arterial hypertension observed in hypoxaemia of moderate severity when the PaO2 is in the region of 55 mmHg and is an argument for the prescription of OLT. Amongst the developing criteria, exacerbations of respiratory encephalopathy, intellectual deterioration, progressive wasting, permanent ventilatory embarrassment with tachypnoea, should be borne in mind as the occasion arises. A schedule of 18 hours per day (without stopping for more than 3 hours) is necessary to obtain an improved survival and places a great demand on patient co-operation and on their environment. A prolonged educational programme is required. To achieve such a schedule the use of portable oxygen may be justified so that patients can lead a normal social life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Critical study of the indications for long-term oxygen therapy. Chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies]. 314 Mar 16

While the total ischemic burden on the left ventricle represents the combined effects of both symptomatic and asymptomatic myocardial ischemia, the total vascular burden has many components including an increased systemic peripheral vascular resistance, an increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and an increased coronary vascular resistance. These factors may all influence ventricular function. Hypertension contributes significantly to the vascular burden, especially when combined with left ventricular hypertrophy, which predisposes to ischemia by multiple mechanisms. In patients with hypertension and cardiomegaly, sublingual nifedipine has been shown to increase left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and the average diastolic filling rate. In the presence of acute myocardial infarction, nifedipine moves the LV function curve onto a better Frank-Starling relationship as pulmonary wedge pressure falls or stays the same and cardiac output rises. However, because of the delicate balance between myocardial perfusion and the benefits of afterload reduction, including improved remodelling, nifedipine should be given only to selected patients. In congestive heart failure, low-dose nifedipine reduces the afterload and has been shown to have beneficial effects in the majority of patients. Two specific adverse outcomes in only two patients have been reported, one with initial hypotension and one given high-dose nifedipine. Combination nifedipine-beta blocker therapy has been shown to be favorable in the treatment of all varieties of angina, hypertension, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Therefore, when administered appropriately, nifedipine reduces the total vascular burden on the heart in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, with consequent improvement in LV function and a diminished threat of potential myocardial ischemia.
 ...
PMID:The total vascular burden, peripheral and coronary: vasodilator effects of nifedipine. 327 10

The authors study the sensitivity, the specificity and the predicting value of Frank's sign (presence of a groove at the level of the earlobe) on a group of 172 patients undergoing a clinical examination, an EKG at rest and effort, and a selective coronary arteriogram for suspicion of coronary disease. The criteria retained for the diagnosis of coronary disease is the presence of stenosis superior or equal to 75 p. cent in one of the three main coronary vascular trunks. Statistical studies using the CHI 2 test reveal a highly significant association between Frank's sign and coronary disease (p less than 0.001). The sensitivity of Frank's sign reaches 75 p. cent, its specificity 57.5 p. cent and its positive predicting value 80.3 p. cent. The predicting value is a function of the sex: it is a great deal lower in women (50 p. cent) than in men (84.7 p. cent). The prevalence of Frank's sign increases progressively with age: 42 p. cent in the 30-39 age group and 75.8 p. cent in the 60-69 age group. The predicting value remains high however beyond 60 years: predicting value of 77 p. cent. Frank's sign is correlated neither with the gravity of the coronary disease, nor the duration of the angina, nor with any of the risk factors studied here: tobacco, hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, diabetes, obesity. Frank's sign is therefore considered as a marker of the coronary disease, independent of risk factors but frequently associated with them. If its absence does not permit in any way to exclude the diagnosis of coronary disease, its presence corresponds in three quarters of the cases to an established coronary disease within a symptomatic population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Frank's sign and coronary disease]. 382 55

To characterize the hemodynamic response to exercise and the effects of calcium channel antagonism in hypertensive subjects, invasive exercise hemodynamics were performed in the baseline state after intravenous infusion of verapamil and after 5 to 7 days of oral verapamil in 10 subjects with moderate to severe hypertension. We also assessed oxygen delivery and use and the response of the sympathetic nervous system by measuring plasma norepinephrine levels at rest and during exercise. Both routes of administration were associated with significant reductions of mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance at rest and peak exercise (p less than 0.05). Changes in heart rate were not statistically significant. Following oral administration of verapamil, stroke volume increased significantly in both the resting and exercise states. Pulmonary wedge pressure did not increase; in fact, the Frank-Starling relationship of cardiac performance actually was improved. Oxygen delivery and use were unchanged with both routes of administration. There was no significant difference in rest and exercise plasma norepinephrine levels following verapamil therapy. Thus, verapamil resulted in a significant reduction of mean arterial pressure, mediated by a significant reduction of systemic vascular resistance, following both intravenous and short-term oral administration. This reduction occurred without expression of left ventricular dysfunction and was not at the expense of increased oxygen use or enhanced sympathetic nervous systemic activity.
Hypertension 1986 Jan
PMID:Exercise hemodynamics and oxygen delivery in human hypertension. Response to verapamil. 394 84

The hemodynamic effects of two types of anesthesia on aortofemoral bypass surgery were studied in a randomised prospective trial. Epidural anesthesia supplemented with nitrous oxide (group I) and total intravenous anesthesia combining fentanyl and a continuous infusion of etomidate (group II) were compared. A high incidence of preoperative disease was found and all 18 patients were classified in ASA classes III-IV. It is concluded that epidural anesthesia provides excellent anesthetic and hemodynamic stability provided that an optimal filling pressure is maintained. Total intravenous anesthesia resulted in significant hypertensive reactions during surgery, which were not specifically related to crossclamping. Decreasing the high SVRI with vasodilatory treatment was necessary to treat hypertension in all those patients with preoperative hypertensive disease. No problems were seen in the intravenous group patients without preoperative hypertension. Cardiac work was higher in the intravenous group due to the high impedance of the cardiovascular system provoked by the absence of vasodilatory properties with this type of intravenous anesthesia. Monitoring of PWP and CI by Swan-Ganz catheter is shown to be very useful for optimalization of hemodynamics and fluid management especially during crossclamping, when normal Frank-Starling relationships might not be valid anymore. The effect of vasodilatory treatment, crossclamping and declamping could be carefully evaluated.
 ...
PMID:A hemodynamic study of epidural versus intravenous anesthesia for aortofemoral bypass surgery. 409 93

One hundred forty five patients were examined, with established mainly clinically, bi-ventricular hypertrophy of three age subgroups, males and females separately and with the diagnosis, mitral-aortic heart defect, congestive cardiomyopathy, pulmonary heart with arterial hypertension and congenital heart defect with left-to-right shunt. The orthogonal electrocardiographic systems of Frank, McFee , SVEC III and Akulini cev were used. Additionally, the results from 54 patients were discussed that had bi-ventricular hypertrophy definitely established by some other methods. The examinations of 103 healthy subjects served for comparison. The signs of left ventricular hypertrophy (RX RZ over the norm) were established to be well manifested by all systems used and at all ages, whereas the right ventricular--with increased SY in the younger patients and SX--in the older ones. Consideration given to the sum of the electrocardiographic indices of left- and right-ventricular hypertrophy, it could be said, that the systems of McFee and SVEC III, from all the orthogonal ECG systems used, are with the highest diagnostic accuracy in bi-ventricular heart hypertrophy.
 ...
PMID:[Comparative studies with 4 orthogonal electrocardiographic systems of patients with bilateral ventricular hypertrophy]. 623 9

An increase in left ventricular (LV) wall thickness will lead to decreased LV distensibility during both LV passive filling and left atrial contraction. Reduced LV distensibility will change the filling pattern of the left ventricle, and a proportionally smaller part of the stroke volume will be delivered during the passive filling of the preceding diastole and a larger part during late diastole by a more powerful left atrial contraction. With a more pronounced increase in LV wall thickness a reduced distensibility of venous capacitance vessels (functional or structural) will probably help to preserve LV pump function by influencing LV filling and use of the Frank-Starling mechanism. LV wall stress (peak and end-systolic) is high and LV intrinsic contractility is normal or supernormal in early primary hypertension, as judged from the relationship between end-systolic wall stress and different indices of LV function (fractional shortening, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, ejection fraction). Great differences in peak systolic wall stress may be recorded among groups with comparable values for LV end-systolic wall stress, which may be explained by very different degrees of cardiovascular structural changes, with higher values for peak systolic wall stress seen in hypertension caused by high output than those values seen in hypertension caused by high total peripheral resistance. Signs of supernormal LV systolic function are common in high output hypertension, which is also at least partly due to an increase in LV end-diastolic volume and use of the Frank-Starling mechanism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypertension
PMID:Left ventricular function in early primary hypertension. Functional consequences of cardiovascular structural changes. 639 89

One hundred and thirty eight patients with left ventricular hypertrophy confirmed clinically or roentgenologically are discussed, being grouped into three age subgroups, separately males and females. Arterial hypertension is the predominating disease--128. The following orthogonal ECG systems were used: Frank, MacFee, SVEK III and Akulinicev. The results obtained from 155 healthy subjects serve as a comparison. Most typical were established to be the changes with the increased R amplitude in the axes and X, the deviations of Rz being more characteristic for the systems Frank, MacFee and SVEK and in Rx--for Akulinicev system. The changes in some other indices were also discussed (Xt, Xst)--according to age and sex. It was established that the characteristics of left ventricular hypertrophy are electrocardiographically best manifested in MacFee and SVEK, those systems providing positive discrepancies between both sexes.
 ...
PMID:[Comparative studies with 4 orthogonal electrocardiographic systems of left ventricular hypertrophy patients]. 646 Nov 37

Forty-two patients aged 35 to 58 years with arterial hypertension were examined. The patients did not manifest any clinical signs of heart failure or coronary heart disease. All the patients were subjected to the leg form of isometric exercise test with a 100% maximal force. The blood pressure, heart rate, heart contractility and pump function were examined in the course of the test. It was demonstrated that in patients with arterial hypertension, the pressor reactions in response to the exercise were similar to those in healthy subjects but were more pronounced. In patients with stage IIA arterial hypertension, the increase of blood pressure occurred due to the inotropic reaction of the myocardium and triggering of Frank-Starling's mechanism. In patients with stage IIB arterial hypertension, the increase of blood pressure was caused by the total peripheral resistance elevation. The leg form of isometric exercise permits the detection of early signs of heart failure in patients with arterial hypertension.
 ...
PMID:[Hemodynamic changes in patients with arterial hypertension during isometric exercise]. 649 11

A case of toxemia misdiagnosed as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is presented. An unusual temporal relationship between the fall in platelets and the appearance of hypertension was the cause of the confusion. A rise in platelets following glucocorticoid administration is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Toxemia of pregnancy masquerading as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. 668 29


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>