Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical course of 40 patients with polyarteritis was reviewed to determine prognostic factors and response to treatment. The first three months were the most critical to survival. Survivorship was 57 per cent at five years. Older age of onset, involvement of skeletal muscle and presence of peripheral neuropathy weighted against a satisfactory outcome. Cutaneous vasculitis was associated with a more benign course. Myocardial disease, central nervous system involvement, or hypertension were not invariably poor prognostic factors. Muscle biopsies, even in the absence of clinical involvement, were a useful diagnostic procedure, and renal angiograms were found to be a valuable alternative to renal biopsy. An unequivocal distinction on clinical and histopathologic criteria could not be made among polyarteritis nodosa, hypersentitivity angiitis, and allergic granulomatosis. Australia antigenemia occurred in six per cent of patients. Although evaluation of therapy was difficult, data from this study did not show a superiority of high vs. low dosage of corticosteroids in suppressing active disease.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic factors in polyarteritis. 0 33

The renal diseases which cause systemic hypertension in the first two decades of life differ from the adult in their incidence and etiology. Seventeen patients (11 days to 20 years old), studied angiographically, demonstrated a wide spectrum of renal pathology including arterial thrombosis, fibromuscular hyperplasia, vasculitis, neurofibramatosis, cystic disease, pyelonephritis, Page kidney, and congenital anomalies.
 ...
PMID:Spectrum of angiographically demonstrable renal pathology in young hypertensive patients. 1 99

A case of panarteritis nodosa with positive Australia antigen is presented. Panarteritis appeared following serum hepatitis and caused arthromyalgia, abdominal pain, prolonged fever of unknown origin, peripheral polyneuropathy, blood hypertension, and renal insufficiency. A muscular biopsy showed atrophy due to denervation and necrotizing arteritis in various stages causing serious damage to the arteries. Abdominal arteriography clearly demonstrated the existence of aneurismal dilations in the liver, pancreas, and kidneys. The angiographic findings in panarteritis nodose are discussed with special reference to the aneurysms localized in several organs. Their situation is described in detail; it is usually abdominal and more specifically intrarenal. The fact that they occur in a high percentage of cases is helpful when establishing the diagnosis. Lastly, the role of Australia antigen in the development of panarteritis nodose is discussed. It stimulates an immune response and the production of circulating immunocomplexes which are depostied on the vascular walls with complement fixation and damage to the blood vessels. The possibility that other viral agents may be present in the various types of necrotizing vasculitis in humans is commented on.
 ...
PMID:[Panarteritis nodosa with positive Australia antigen (author's transl)]. 3 58

Twenty-three patients aged 5 to 53 years with recurrent or complex coarctations of the aorta were successfully operated upon using bypass grafts. This technique of repair was selected for 5 patients with recurrent coarctation, 11 with long-segment coarctation with or without hypoplasia of the transverse aortic arch, and 7 with inadequate collateral circulation. Nineteen patients had bypass grafts from the left subclavian artery to the distal descending thoracic aorta. The other 4 had a combined approach through a left thoractomy and median sternotomy with grafts between the ascending and descending thoracic aorta. All patients survived the operative procedure. One patient were reexplored for a hemothorax and 5 developed transient postoperative hypertension. There were no instances of abdominal vasculitis or lower extremity paralysis. These patients have been followed from 3 months to 11 years postoperatively, and all but 1 are alive and well. Twenty-two are normotensive, and none have the sequelae of hypertensive disease. Gradients up to only 15 mm Hg exist between upper and lower extremity blood pressures. Five patients have undergone postoperative catheterization and aortography, and all have patent grafts. This procedure is a useful and adjunct in difficult coarctations of the aorta and can be safely performed with excellent reproducible long-term results.
 ...
PMID:Bypass grafts for recurrent or complex coarctations of the aorta. 12 57

The evolution of malignant hypertension was studied under metabolic balance conditions in 11 uninephrectomized rats given deoxycorticosterone acetate and 1% NaCl as drinking water. Changes in sodium and potassium balance were related to changes in blood pressure, plasma renin activity, hematocrit, and kidney histology. After 3-4 weeks of steadily positive sodium balance accompanied by continuously increasing blood pressure up to 185 plus or minus 19 (SE) mm Hg, periods of sodium loss accompanied by evidence of hemoconcentration were observed marking the onset of the malignant phase as defined by the development of fibrinoid necrosis in the kidney. Plasma renin activity remained markedly suppressed both at the fourth week (0.33 plus or minus 0.02 ng/ml hour-1) when the sodium balance was positive and the kidney biopsy negative and at the end of the experiment (0.35 plus or minus 0.36 ng/ml hour-1) when the sodium balance was negative and the kidney histology revealed malignant vasculitis. Infusion of the angiotensin II inhibitor 1-Sar-8-Ala-angiotensin II consistently failed to affect blood pressure, and the kidney tissue norepinephrine level was reduced (0.054 plus or minus 0.01 mug/g) compared with the control level (0.132 plus or minus 0.02 mug/g). We conclude that malignant vasculitis in this model is preceded by hypertension associated with sodium and water retention and is accompanied by negative sodium balance, decreases in body weight, falling blood pressure, and hemoconcentration without demonstrable participation of the renin-angiotensin system or the renal catecholamines.
 ...
PMID:Malignant hypertension resulting from deoxycorticosterone acetate and salt excess: role of renin and sodium in vascular changes. 23 7

A case of mixed IgM-IgG cryoglobulinemia and polyarteritis nodosa is described. The patient exhibited non-deforming arthritis, Raynaud's phenomena, cutaneous vasculitis, and a sensory neuropathy.. The terminal phase of the illness was characterized by hypertension and retroperitoneal hemorrhage, with widespread large vessel arteritis. The isolated cryoprecipitate contained IgM, IgG, and C3 and possessed rheumatoid factor activity. Mild reduction in serum complement (CH50 and C3) was noted on one occasion. The evidence that these cryoprecipitable proteins may be acting as immune complexes and contributing to the arterial lesions is reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Mixed IgM-IgG cryoglobulinemia terminating in polyarteritis nodosa. 23 31

One hundred and twelve South Indian males with non-diabetic peripheral vascular disease of the lower limb were classified clinically into three groups according to the level of obstruction (aorto-iliac, 26 patients; femoropopliteal, 46 patients; distal, 40 patients). Arteriography was done in 65 patients and serum lipid estimations in 69. In the aorto-iliac group the mean age was 45 years (+/- 11.6 s.d.); 23 per cent had hypertension, 28 per cent polycythaemia and 55 per cent hyperlipidaemia. Aortography suggested atheroma in most. In the femoropopliteal group the mean age was 39 years (+/- 12.8); 22 per cent had hypertension, 11 per cent polycythaemia and 21 per cent hyperlipidaemia. Arteriography showed lesions typical of atheroma in many and was consistent with thrombo-angiitis obliterans in some. In the distal group the mean age was 37 years (+/- 9.8); 8 per cent had hypertension, 20 per cent polycythaemia, 25 per cent hyperlipidaemia and 20 per cent had distal arterial disease of the upper limb. Arteriography was consistent with thrombo-angiitis obliterans in most cases. Atheroma seemed to be implicated in 96 per cent of the aorto-iliac group and in 64 per cent of the femoropopliteal group.
 ...
PMID:The pattern of non-diabetic peripheral vascular disease in South India. 62 67

Implantation of a mammotropic tumor (MtTF4), secreting growth hormone, prolactin, and corticotropin, in female rats of Fischer F344 strain causes hypertension, vasculitis, renal and cardiac hypertrophy, and extensive renal and cardiac lesions. When rats of the same strain were implanted with the MtTF4 tumor but sodium was withheld from the diet, systolic blood pressure rose more slowly but by six weeks reached the same values recorded in the animals implanted with the tumor and allowed to consume sodium ad libitum. In the rats, on sodium deficient diet, however, the vascular damage as well as the renal and cardiac lesions were minimal or absent. Implantation of the tumor caused adrenal cortical dysfunction, and elevated levels of deoxycorticosterone were seen in the peripheral plasma of the rats of all three groups. Nonetheless, plasma deoxycorticosterone was significantly lower in rats on a sodium deficient diet as compared with those having sodium added to the diet. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies of the adrenal glands revealed that the lack of dietary sodium largely prevented the extensive damage of the zona fasciculata cells usually seen in the tumor-bearing rats, consuming sodium ad libitum. Both hypertensive MtT tumor-bearing animals and normotensive controls on a sodium deficient diet had a conspicuous increase of renal content of renin. It is evident that hypertension may be produced in rats bearing the MtTF4 tumor even in the virtual absence of dietary sodium. It does not appear that the hypersecretion of renal renin sustains the hypertension in these rats, since high levels of this substance were seen in the kidney of normotensive controls on the same sodium deficient diet. Elevated levels of plasma DOC may possibly explain the hypertension. In addition, it is likely that the animals may also have elevated levels of glucocorticoids.
 ...
PMID:Deveolpment of hypertension in rats maintained on a sodium deficient diet and bearing a mammotropic tumor (MtTF4). 81 73

An intensive study of the course of lupus nephritis has been undertaken in 88 patients in whom strict morphologic criteria were utilized in classification. All were treated with steroid, and 17 received cytotoxic drugs in addition. Focal proliferative lupus nephritis generally follows a benign course except in the occasional instances when transition to the diffuse proliferative or membranous forms occurs. Membranous lupus nephritis, when characterized by persistent nephrotic syndrome, leads slowly to renal failure, but this progression is aborted in the one-third in whom remission of the nephrotic syndrome can be achieved. A fatal outcome occurs within five years in the majority of those with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis and the nephrotic syndrome, often in association with necrotizing renal vasculitis, severe hypertension and accelerated renal failure. A small number with the diffuse proliferative form have a remission and then show only mesangial abnormalities, usually, however, with the appearance of glomerular sclerosis. Progressive glomerular sclerosis is observed in some patients and may be a sequel of the remission of the diffuse or focal proliferative lesions, or it may represent still another form of lupus nephritis. Mesangial immune deposits with or without proliferation, at times in the absence of clinical renal disease, are observed early in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and may proceed to the diffuse proliferative or membranous forms. The present observations serve to emphasize the importance of strict morphologic classification in the comparison of different treatment regimens for lupus nephritis. In view of the grave prognosis of established diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis, which probably evolves from a mesangial involvement common to all patients with SLE from its onset, early therapy may be the key to the management of lupus nephritis.
 ...
PMID:Lupus nephritis. Clinical course as related to morphologic forms and their transitions. 83 80

A 25-year-old man died after an intravenous injection of 100 mg of methedrine. Postmortem studies showed visceral congestion, lung edema, pericardial petechiae, centrolobular necrosis of the liver, and diffuse subarachnoid blood, intracranial vasculitis and cerebritis in the absence of aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations or chronic hypertension. A review of the English-language literature produced 3 other cases of fatal amphetamine-induced intracranial hemorrhage and seven nonfatal cases. Some were the result of overdose, others of hypersensitivity. Angiographic evidence suggests that such hemorrhages result from the development of fibrinoid necrosis and the formation of microaneurysms in the small intracerebral vessels.
 ...
PMID:Intracranial hemorrhage and amphetamine usage. Review of the effects of amphetamines on the central nervous system. 90 May 66


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>