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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Measurements of aortic length and circumference in 336 post-mortem specimens confirm earlier, neglected observations on the progressive increase in aortic size which occurs with advancing years. The increase is not related to atherosclerosis , or to hypertension and seems to be part of a true ageing process. The value of measurement of aortic size in body age determination merits exploration by forensic pathologists. Aortic calcification is found in raised and complicated atherosclerotic plaques and its prevalence and severity closely follows the accepted pattern of plaque severity, occurring earlier and more severely in men, in the abdominal aorta and in patients with overt vascular disease in other territories such as patients with cardiac infarcts. No association was found between the amount of calcification and the presence of hypertension, diabetes or neoplasia.
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PMID:Aortic size and aortic calcification. A necropsy Study. 88

NZB nice spontaneously develop a high blood pressure and hypertensive vascular disease in the heart and the kidney. Treatment with cyclophosphamide decreased the level of blood pressure; congenital athymic nude NZB mice failed to develop a high blood pressure. These findings suggest that thymus and the thymus-dependent immune reactions have pathogenic importance for the spontaneous hypertension in these mice.
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PMID:Spontaneous hypertension and hypertensive vascular disease in the NZB strain of mice. 89 91

Among 337 male patients who were hospitalized because of chronic ischemia of the leg, 103 (=30.6%) were shown to suffer from concomitant occlusive vascular disease of supraaortic branches. This was evaluated by simple examination like auscultation, bilateral blood pressure measurements, and palpation of pulses. In 52% the patients history revealed dizziness, hemiparesis and transient ischemic attacks (TIA). Arteriell hypertension promotes supraaortic vascular diseases as is shown by a relative frequency of 0.52 in contrast to 0.39. Combined occlusions of the iliac and femoropopliteal arteries are accompanied by supraaortic vascular disease in 40%, in femoropopliteal occlusion alone in only 20%. If the basic diagnostic approach is improved by directional ultra-sonic examinations of the carotid arteries, approximately 20% of all patients with advanced vascular disease of the iliac and femoropopliteal arteries have to be operated on for cerebrovascular disease.
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PMID:[The frequency of the combination of arterial occlusive disease in supraaortic and leg range. An analysis in the patient population of a vascular surgical department (author's transl)]. 92 53

The peak systolic pressure ratio PRV/PLV of the right and left ventricle after correction of the outflow tract (OFT) in Tetralogy of Fallot (TF) yields reliable dates about the efficiency of the outflowtract correction and the probability of survival. In 110 patients (2 to 57 years) the ratio after correction PRV/PLV was measured and compared with different methods of reconstruction of the OFT. Infundibulectomy (54) pericard-patch insertion across the pulmonary valve ring (43) and a valve bearing Hancock-Conduit (13) were used. To calculate the statistical differences the U-test according to Wilcoxon, Whitney, Mann was applied on the 95% level. Moreover the pulmonary insufficiency (PI) was evaluated in 60 patients within 15 to 60 days, after correction with a videodensitometric method. There is no PI after use of a valve bearing Hancock-Conduit. In severe TF a valve bearing Hancock-Conduit is hemodynamically superior to a pericard-patchreconstruction of OFT to relief right ventricular hypertension, particularly if hypoplasia of pulmonary vessels and pulmonary vascular disease after shunt-operation is present.
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PMID:[Hemodynamics after reconstruction of the outflow tract in tetralogy of Fallot. Infundibulectomy, patchreconstruction or valve rearing conduit (author's transl)]. 92 67

Hyperlipemia is one of several risk factors for premature ischemic vascular disease. It usually represents a primary, lifelong metabolic disorder and control requires changes in life-style. These include a modification of diet (commonly caloric, cholesterol and saturated fat restriction), elimination of smoking and hypertension and, frequently, drug therapy. Drugs can attack endogenous triglyceride overproduction, lipoprotein lipase deficiency or defective remnant uptake, and can decrease cholesterol production and accelerate cholesterol degradation.
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PMID:A pathophysiologic approach to managing hyperlipemia. 94 21

Baroreceptor sensitivity was studied in twelve young normotensive subjects and forty hypertensive patients, separated into two groups according to their age, severity of hypertension and signs of severe atherosclerotic vascular disease. Under stabilized circulatory conditions, the changes of pulse rate in response to changes of blood pressure, attained by infusion of trimethaphan camphorsulfonate alone or with norepinephrine, was examined. There was gradually diminished change of pulse rate in relationship to blood pressure change as age and hypertension advanced. However, although the blood pressure threshold of stimulation was obviously higher in the middle-aged hypertensive subjects than in the normotensive ones, the slightly reduced baroreceptor sensitivity was not significantly different from that in the normotensive group. Only in the elderly hypertensive patients was significantly diminished baroreceptor sensitivity demonstrated, which was also significantly different from that in the middleaged hypertensive patients. It is speculated that the significantly diminished baroreceptor sensitivity found in the elderly hypertensive patients may be due to atherosclerotic changes in the region of the baroreceptor, although proof of that is not available at the present time.
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PMID:Diminished baroreceptor sensitivity in elderly hypertensives. Possible role of atherosclerosis. 94 20

Life expectancy of diabetics since early childhood is differently judged. Out of 43 own patients with diabetes started between the first and third year of life, no less than 33 have passed their twentieth year of life; 16 patients are aged between 25 and 46 years; one woman patient lived to the age of 64! In all cases the duration of diabetes is more than 10 years, in 26 cases 20 years or more. In 24 cases angiopathy developed chiefly in the form of retinopathy, nephroapthy and arterial hypertension (none in 19 cases). 7 patients died of uraemia. While there is hardly any difference between the two groups (with or without angiopathy) as far as duration and quality of diabetes-control are concerned, in the angiopathy-group hereditary taint clearly prevails. The early beginning of diabetes does not at all represent an absolutely unfavourable symptom, rather the reverse (O. Imerslund).
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PMID:[Manifestation of diabetes in the first to third year of life. Later fates of 43 patients (author's transl)]. 96 7

A large number of individuals currently diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus are asymptomatic. In order to provide rational therapy for this patient population, it is necessary to focus upon the differences between these patients and the classic prototypes with polyuria and weight loss, who require insulin for survival. Patients with asymptomatic diabetes do not need insulin for survival, and, by definition, they do not need it to alleviate symptoms. They tend to be middle-aged and overweight, but they can be young and thin. Their degree of hyperglycemia is moderate, often indistinguishable from that of normal individuals in their day-to-day existence. Indeed, they can often be differentiated from normal persons only on the basis of their blood glucose response to the stress of a large dextrose challenge; in this regard, the potential problem of over-diagnosing diabetes has been discussed. Since the major problem facing patients with asymptomatic diabetes is accelerated atherogenesis, the therapeutic approach must be based upon efforts to delay or prevent the onset of vascular disease. It has yet to be shown that any therapeutic intervention helps such patients, but an argument has been made in support of the following goals in subjects with asymptomatic diabetes whose fasting blood glucose level is less than 170 mg/100 ml: (1) stop smoking, (2) control hypertension, (3) attain ideal body weight, and (4) maintain blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels well within normal limits. Attempts to lower blood glucose with either insulin or oral agents do not seem indicated in the majority of patients within this defined diabetic population.
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PMID:Treatment of asymptomatic diabetes mellitus. 97 61

Twelve patients who had no evidence of arteriosclerotic cerebral vascular disease, lacked hypertension or coagulation defect, and had not been receiving contraceptive therapy had recurrent transient cerebral ischemic attacks (TIAs) and partial nonprogressive strokes. All had prolapsing mitral valve proved by angiocardiography. The average age was 38 years, compared with 62 years in a larger series of patients with TIA associated with arteriosclerosis. We propose that the ischemic events are related to emboli emanating from the abnormal mitral valve with or without an associated paroxysmal cardiac arrhythmia.
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PMID:Cerebral ischemic events associated with prolapsing mitral valve. 98 56

The frequency and distribution of risk factors of arteriosclerosis were determined in 405 patients with implanted cardiac pacemakers and compared with the corresponding results of patients with cardiac infarction. The most frequent risk factors were smoking (43,5%), hypertension (35,2%), and diabetes (34,3%) in males, hypertension (52,3%) and diabetes (49,7%) in females. The frequency of cardiac infarction was in average 19,5%. In the infarction group diabetes was lower in both sexes (23,5% and 35,8%), respectively), hyperlipoproteinemia and smoking were more frequent. From the different distribution of risk factors it is suggested, that coronary arteriosclerosis is not the most important etiologic factor in the development of bradycardic dysrhythmias. The higher percentage of diabetes in the pacemaker group could point to metabolic disturbances or specific diabetic vascular disease as harmful factors to the conduction system.
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PMID:[Risk factors of arteriosclerosis in patients with severe bradycardia arrhythmias]. 99 7


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