Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1991 the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Advisory Board published a long-range plan entitled "Window on the 21st Century." In that plan the Board recommended that Congress establish a new National Institute of Kidney and Urologic Diseases (NIKUD). This recommendation stemmed from the Board's appreciation that patient morbidity and mortality from kidney and urologic diseases continue to increase and that a focused, well funded research endeavor is the only real hope for reversing this trend. In 1992 the Board established a special subcommittee to consider further the establishment of a National Institute of Kidney and Urologic Diseases. The subcommittee sought input from a wide variety of extramural and intramural sources. American Urological Association: A new devoted institute would provide coordination and expansion of basic research into kidney and urologic diseases now fragmented and underfunded within multiple institutes. The research areas of kidney and urologic diseases are not currently receiving adequate or appropriate attention proportionate to their prevalence and their adverse impact upon society. American Society of Nephrology: The Society supports the establishment of a separate kidney and urology institute. First and foremost, our primary interest is to obtain more support for kidney and urologic diseases. Such research does not receive the emphasis and prominence that it deserves at the National Institutes of Health. The Society believes that a separate institute would provide increased focus for these diseases. National Kidney Foundation: The creation of such an institute is the highest priority of the medical and lay constituencies of the Foundation. American Foundation for Urologic Disease: The creation of a new (kidney and urology) institute within the National Institutes of Health is by far the most expeditious way to centralize and advance the research efforts in this critical field. Scope of a New Kidney and Urologic Diseases Institute: NIKUD should develop an intramural and extramural research program that focuses on all aspects of kidney and urology diseases. NIKUD should be organized so that its activities address issues in pediatric and adult kidney and urologic diseases, including renal failure, transplantation, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, incontinence, sexual dysfunction and male reproduction. NIKUD must foster research training and career development. The integrated scientific programs of the new institute will enhance the treatment and cure of kidney and urologic diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Proposal to establish a National Institute of Kidney and Urologic Diseases. Report of the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Advisory Board. 801 99

Seven patients with psychiatric and behavioural manifestations of normal-pressure hydrocephalus are described. There is little disagreement about the classical triad of symptoms. However, it requires a high index of suspicion when a patient presents with non-specific psychiatric and behavioural symptoms. Clinicians must be alert to the possibility when positive findings point to the diagnosis of normal-pressure hydrocephalus, namely gait disturbance, incontinence, soft neurological signs, history of hypertension and no previous psychiatric history.
 ...
PMID:Psychiatric and behavioural manifestations of normal-pressure hydrocephalus. 803 85

A clinicopathological study of senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) accompanied by the white matter lesions of Binswanger's type was carried out. Fifty-seven patients, who were diagnosed as suffering from SDAT based on clinical and pathological criteria, were classified into two groups based on the white matter lesions of Binswanger's type. Namely, group 1 consisted of the SDAT patients without any subcortical or white matter lesions (30 cases); group 2 consisted of those with white matter lesions of Binswanger's type (11 cases). The other 9 cases included those with vascular lesions and 4 with some of the same pathological changes found in Parkinson's disease. Clinically, group 2 patients showed subcortical symptoms such as urinary incontinence, Parkinsonian gait, being accompanied by hypertension and arrhythmias. Periventricular lucency (CT) were common in group 2. Macroscopically, both groups showed moderately to severe atrophy, and the width of the corpus callosum of group 2 was narrower than that of group 1. There was no difference in cerebral arteriosclerosis between the groups. In microscopic findings, patients in group 2 showed diffuse distribution of cortical changes such as senile plaques as well as Alzheimer's senile plaques as well as Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles while those in group 1 showed various types of diffuse or local distribution. Arteriolosclerosis of the white matter were found in both groups. There was no difference in aortic atherosclerosis and/or heart disease. The complication of white matter lesions of Binswanger's type was not a rare finding in SDAT.
 ...
PMID:[A clinicopathological study of senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) and white matter lesions of Binswanger's type]. 820 74

Reduction of hypertension, whether systolic and diastolic or isolated systolic, is associated with significant reductions in mortality and morbidity rates even in older asymptomatic patients, particularly those less than 80 years old. The increased availability of antihypertensive preparations makes it possible to individualize the choice of therapy to meet the particular needs of the older patient. Although most presently available antihypertensive agents are effective, each one possesses different properties and none is free of side effects. We review the indications for and the action and side effects of diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and adrenergic blocking drugs, and we offer treatment suggestions for hypertension associated with other diseases such as diabetes mellitus, heart failure, peripheral vascular insufficiency, depression, dementia, and urinary incontinence. Orthostatic hypotension is particularly serious in older patients because it may precipitate falls. It is also possible that the relationship between blood pressure levels and mortality and morbidity risks is not linear but J-shaped, both low and high levels increasing risks. Caution in treating hypertensive elderly patients will minimize the incidence of side effects.
 ...
PMID:Management of hypertension in older patients. 821 49

A cross-sectional research was done aiming at the assessment of geriatric daily activities, gait and balance, besides assessment of different presentation of common diseases which occur commonly in the elderly. Special Geriatric Unit has been established in Ain Shams University Hospitals in 1984. This study included all those consulting that clinic in the period from January to April 1992. Out of 516 elderly, 270 (52.3%) were males and 246 (47.7%) were females and 478 (70%) of them were in the age group 60-70 years. Eating and wearing Clothes without help decreases with aging from 60-80 years (P < 0.001). Musculoskeletal functional disorders (joint pain and backpain) were the most frequent findings in both sexes (P < 0.001). Incontinence was the most prevalent genitourinary disorder among females Diabetes in combination with other diseases as hypertension and ischemic heart diseases was the most prevalent systemic disorder (28%). Therefore, it is recommended that these findings should be put into consideration for preventive gerontology.
 ...
PMID:An epidemiologic study of the health status among elderly in Ain Shams Geriatric Unit. 824 50

Clinical approach has been made in eight patients with histoplasmosis of the central nervous system. All patients had no evidence of immunodepression. Time disease at diagnosis ranged from 6 to 108 months (median 36 months). Main signs and symptoms were: intracranial hypertension in 6 patients; impairment of memory in 4; confusion in 4; seizures in 2; urinary incontinence in 2; sexual impotency in 1. Meningo-encephalitic form was present in 6 patients, while the granulomatous form was found in 2. Diagnostic confirmation was based on: biopsy, in 1 case; necropsy, in 2 cases; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sediment culture, in 1; detection of antibodies against Histoplasma capsulatum in the CSF, in 5 cases. There was, in all patients, an expressive difference between CSF alterations (intense, merging acute and chronic phase elements) and clinical symptomatology (patients in general oligosymptomatic).
 ...
PMID:[Histoplasmosis of the central nervous system. Clinical aspects in 8 patients]. 827 82

Central autonomic dysfunctions can be due to primary (degenerative) or secondary disorders. Autonomic failure (AF) may be a major manifestation of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). In both MSA and IPD, AF is almost invariably associated with neuronal loss in the intermediolateral cell columns. Dysautonomia in MSA is early, severe, and progressive, including marked orthostatic hypotension and urinary incontinence and is complicated by respiratory disturbances, such as laryngeal stridor and sleep apnea. MSA/AF can be differentiated from primary (or pure) autonomic failure (PAF) without central nervous system involvement. PAF is mainly a disorder of the postganglionic neurons. In contrast to PAF, MSA/AF has preserved basal sympathetic activity, decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurotransmitter markers, impaired vasopressin response to hypotension, and impaired adrenocorticotrophic hormone/beta endorphin response to hypoglycemia. AF in IPD is generally less severe than in MSA. Poor response to L-Dopa, abnormal urethral sphincter electromyography, and CSF markers may distinguish MSA from IPD. Secondary autonomic disorders may result from traumatic, vascular, inflammatory, demyelinating, or neoplastic lesions involving corticolimbic, hypothalamic, brainstem, or spinal autonomic network. These disorders can cause AF or autonomic hyperactivity, such as arrhythmia, hypertension, and hyperthermia. However, many disorders may only produce subclinical abnormalities.
 ...
PMID:Central autonomic disorders. 845 95

With the advancement of technical progress, especially with respect to magnetic resonance imaging, patchy cerebral white matter lesions (WML) are being found with increasing frequency. The (differential) diagnosis between the two main dementias of old age, (senile) dementia of the Alzheimer type ([S]DAT) and vascular dementia (VD) is made more frequently in favour of the latter, since the detection of WML leads to support a vascular origin for dementia. The present article reviews the literature concerning X-ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in these disorders. For comparison purposes some methodological problems must be taken into account including different scoring systems for WML severity, differences in imaging techniques and in the criteria for the selection of patients and controls. A great number of studies demonstrates a strong association of frequency and severity of WML with increasing age and presence of cerebrovascular risk factors such arterial hypertension. Some studies revealed an association with neuropsychiatric deficits including gait disorders, urinary incontinence, affective lability and reduced attention and information processing speed. In CT studies, about 30% of patients with (S)DAT had WML but 36-88% in MR studies. However, only few studies controlled for the presence of cerebrovascular risk factors. More recent studies - with improved techniques - revealed a higher frequency of (slight or moderate) WML in the (S)DAT group compared to controls. The prevalence of WML in VD patients was 75-97% in CT studies and about 100% in MR studies. Therefore, without the presence of WML, the diagnosis of VD is currently in doubt. A number of in vivo investigations proved consistently - and with different methods - that cerebral blood flow was reduced in WML regions. As shown in some studies the neuropathologic correlates of WML have in common that the relative tissue water content is increased: This includes inflammation, gliosis, complete and incomplete infarctions, dilation of the perivascular (Virchow-Robin) spaces with myelin atrophy. Thus the finding of WML in watershed areas can be understood. Three case reports serve to illustrate the problems pointed out. In conclusion, the occurrence of WML is an unspecific finding which is observed in up to 50% of the elderly. Diagnostic classification as "vascular lesions" or signs of "vascular encephalopathy" or VD based on CT or MRI alone, should not be made.
 ...
PMID:[Patchy changes in white matter in cranial computerized and magnetic resonance tomography--significance for (differential) diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer type and vascular dementia]. 857 17

We report a patient with Morgagni syndrome. The main aim of this paper is to discuss hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) and coexisting clinical feature and to describe the pathomorphology in detail on the basis of MRI images of the skull. The patient, a woman, was 82 years old when she first came to our hospital. She had a 20-year history of hypertension and chronic headache, and had been excessively obese till three years before. On admission she presented with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms and signs including insomnia, disorientation to place, loss of memory, dementia, night delirium, reduced deep tendon reflexes in the lower extremities, urinary incontinence and upward gaze palsy. Because of a fair recovery within several days, it was suspected that so-called "treatable dementia" played a considerable role in the above-mentioned clinical state. Laboratory testing data, including hormone levels, were all within normal limits. EEG examinations showed slowed, diffuse, and poorly developed alpha-waves with no paroxysms. Cranial CT in horizontal sections disclosed a deformed frontal bone with convexlens-shaped thickening bilaterally and diffuse high density on both sides. MRI images revealed more detailed structures: the outer plate, diploe and inner plate of the skull, and abnormal ossifications. Based on these findings we diagnosed her illness as Morgagni syndrome. Recent reports, though few in number, have tended to focus on the EEG findings, hormones and psychiatric states in this syndrome, and descriptions of the HFI itself seem to be rare. The true cause of this syndrome is not yet known, so this rare presentation of MRI images of HFI is thought to be important in explaining this peculiar phenomenon in the skull.
 ...
PMID:[MRI findings of hyperostosis frontalis interna--a case of Morgagni syndrome]. 875 3

Bladder dysfunction with increased voiding frequency and incontinence is a common problem in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study, the effect of the synthetic vasopressin analogue, desmopressin, was evaluated on the voiding frequency in 26 patients with MS suffering from socially handicapping voidings and incontinence problems during daytime. A two-week run-in observation period to establish normal voiding patterns was followed by a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study with 20 micrograms intranasal desmopressin during daily activities. There was a significant decrease in the number of voidings during the 6-h period after intranasal intake of desmopressin. Side effects were well tolerated and there was no hyponatremia or hypertension registered. Intranasal desmopressin is an efficient and well-tolerated treatment of voiding problems in patients with MS during daily activities.
 ...
PMID:Nasal spray desmopressin treatment of bladder dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis. 887 90


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>