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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to determine whether there is a correlation between meteorological factors and the occurrence of hypertensive disorders, vaginal bleeding during pregnancy and premature rupture of the fetal membranes, we stratified all the patients hospitalized with such complications between the years 1984 and 1988 by the months of occurrence, weather, humidity and heat. During this period, there were 276 women hospitalized with exacerbation of hypertension and toxemia, 349 because of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy and 35 women following premature rupture of the fetal membrane between 30 and 33 weeks of gestation. The occurrence of pre-eclampsia and exacerbation of pregnancy-induced hypertension was significantly increased in the winter months (p less than 0.001).
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PMID:Meteorological factors in hypertensive disorders, vaginal bleeding and premature rupture of membranes during pregnancy. 174 29

Various effects on renal function and factors which tend to cause aggravation in pregnancy and delivery in patients with renal diseases have been described previously. In the present study, the authors undertook personal and telephone inquiries to patients with renal insufficiency due to aggravated renal dysfunction occurring during the course of pregnancy and delivery, and to those showing a favorable course despite renal dysfunction before pregnancy. Sixty-four patients with IgA nephritis were investigated, covering 101 cases of pregnancy in them. The management of the pregnant women and their social and home (family/domestic) environments were taken into consideration, since these are important for giving guidance in their daily life to overcome various factors which influence the course of spontaneous pregnancy and delivery. The following findings were obtained. (1) In patients with hypertension, toxemia of pregnancy, abnormal delivery and abortion were frequently complicated. (2) Patients under greater mental and physical stresses during the course of pregnancy and after delivery showed a poorer prognosis for both mother and fetus. (3) Generally speaking, guidance should be given not to be overconfident or overdefensive in pregnancy. (4) Working women revealed a prognosis which was poorer than that of housewives.
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PMID:Study on the environmental background to aggravating factors for renal function related to pregnancy and delivery in IgA nephritis. 177 49

The objectives was to assess the determinants of and rates of abortion, stillbirth, and infant mortality for a cohort of pregnant women from slums in New Delhi, Calcutta, and Madras, India and rural slums in Hyderabad, Varanasi, and Chandigarh, India in 1981. The relationship of low birthweight (LBW) and high risk pregnancies to social, environmental, nutritional, cultural, and biological factors was of interest. The results showed variation both between and within urban and rural areas. Rural pregnancy outcome showed fewer LBWs and perinatal and neonatal mortality. Perinatal, neonatal, and infant mortality rates were consistent with prior findings. There was a demonstrated need for prenatal care and referral due to the 10-12% with a poor obstetric history and the significant number with anemia, bleeding, hypertension, toxemia, and urinary tract infections during this pregnancy. Many women were malnourished (body weight 40 kg, height 145 cm, and midarm circumference of 22.5 cm. These women can be identified as high risk. Other risk factors identified were women with disadvantageous personal habits: smoking, alcohol use, tobacco chewing, and working. 10-25% of pregnancies were not registered even though the prenatal clinic was accessible and outreach was provided. 20% completed the recommended number of prenatal visits. 75-85% visited at least once and sometimes more often. Screening for high risk must be done at the 1st visit. Women had strong feelings about the preference for a Dai during delivery and for place of delivery. Poor training of health workers was reflected in the lack of adequate sanitation during the birthing process. Neonatal units were lacking and primary care absent. 10-14% of births were preterm of which 50% occurred at 36 weeks. Multiple regression identified risk factors for fetal and neonatal mortality and LBW as maternal age, preterm birth, maternal anemia, previous preterm or LBW, birth interval, and previous fetal and neonatal mortality. Recommendations are for improving sanitation, hygiene, and water supplies, promoting community awareness of the adverse effects of early marriage and close birth spacing, improving the delivery of health care, allocating health resources based on morality rates, using an intersectoral approach for dealing with the complex social and personal habits adversely affecting childbearing and 7 other suggestions. Existing services and their use are inadequate.
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PMID:ICMR Task Force National Collaborative Study on Identification of High Risk Families, Mothers and Outcome of their Off-springs with particular reference to the problem of maternal nutrition, low birth weight, perinatal and infant morbidity and mortality in rural and urban slum communities. Summary, conclusions and recommendations. 181 69

Architectural changes in placental villi in clinical types of toxemia of pregnancy which were divided into four groups according to the main maternal symptoms (hypertension: H type, proteinuria: P type, PH type and IUFD) were studied by scanning electron microscopy and computerized image analysis of serial paraffin step sections. Furthermore plastic casts of villous capillaries were compared and changes in endothelial cells of villous capillaries were observed by transmission electron microscopy. 1) Scanning electron microscopy showed characteristic differences between P type cases and H type cases. Terminal villi were markedly reduced in number and showed few branches especially in P type cases, whereas in H type cases slender terminal villi were observed. The surface structure showed rough degenerative microvilli in H type cases and slender long microvilli in P type cases. 2) Average diameters of terminal branches estimated by image analysis were as follows: Normal cases: 24.8 mu, P type: 23.1 mu, H type: 17.9 mu, PH type: 17.7 mu, IUFD: 13.8 mu. The reduction in the number of intermediate villi in cases of toxemia of pregnancy was about 58% of that of normal cases. 3) Plastic casts of villous capillaries emphasized these changes in each type. 4) Swelling of the endothelial cell into the capillary lumen was observed and an increase in the number of filamentous structures in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells was detected by transmission electron microscopy.
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PMID:[Study on the stereo-architectural changes in human placental villi of toxemia of pregnancy]. 199 20

Obstetric outcome in 88 women with a past history of three or more consecutive pregnancy losses was studied. The results were compared to those in our total obstetric population for the same period (control group). The incidence of small-for-gestational-age infants, prematurity, low-birth-weight infants and toxemia in the study group was not significantly different from that in the control group. Gestational diabetes and chronic hypertension, however, occurred more frequently in the study group than in the control group (P less than .001). These data could be helpful in counseling women with repeated pregnancy loss.
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PMID:Obstetric outcome in women after multiple spontaneous abortions. 203 Apr 89

An analysis of 10,159 normal spontaneous vaginal deliveries was performed to examine racial differences in mean birth weight of infants whose mothers were without antepartum or intrapartum medical complications of pregnancy. The study was limited to black and white infants of low-income mothers who were inborn, singleton, and weighed greater than or equal to 500 gm at birth. High-risk maternal transfer patients and patients with hypertension, toxemia, bacteriuria, pyelonephritis, renal failure, diabetes, anemia, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, prolapsed cord, vaginal bleeding, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, prolonged rupture of membranes, maternal fever on admission, amnionitis, sexually transmitted diseases, or fewer than five prenatal care visits were excluded. When statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics were controlled, black infants had an average birth weight 181 gm less than that of white infants.
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PMID:Birth weights of infants of black and white mothers without pregnancy complications. 203 72

The evaluation of hormonal adaptation of the fetoplacental unit (FPU) in pregnant women with somatic and obstetric complications has demonstrated 4 patterns of adaptation: normal, stressful, maladaptive and unstable. The distribution of FPU adaptive responses across diagnostic groups correlated with types of diseases and their duration in pregnant women. Controlled heart diseases, chronic pyelonephritis without exacerbations, mild toxemia were mostly associated with a normal FPU adaptation. Decompensated heart disease, acute episodes of chronic pyelonephritis, deteriorating toxemia, decompensated diabetes mellitus produced functional activation of FPU hormones. Pregnant women with stable hypertension in the presence of moderately severe toxemia and essential hypertension showed hormonal FPU maladaptation. Differential evaluation of FPU adaptation in pregnant women with somatic and obstetric diseases provides a guide to a range and sequence of interventions for fetal disorders.
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PMID:[Hormonal diagnosis of fetal adaptation disorders in pregnant women with extragenital and obstetric pathology and the principles of their correction]. 208 91

Pharmacologic inhibition of thromboxane synthetase activity has reversed the clinical manifestations of toxemia in the ovine model. To investigate placental transfer and fetal effects of a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, CGS13080 (Ciba-Geigy, Summit, N.J.) was intravenously infused into eight singleton- or twin-bearing ewes near term. During CGS 13080 infusion (0.1 mg/kg/hr), maternal steady-state CGS 13080 levels of 102 +/- 18 ng/ml were achieved within 30 minutes and maternal serum thromboxane generation decreased significantly (13 +/- 3 to 4 +/- 1 ng/ml). However, fetal serum levels of CGS 13080 were only 4% of peak maternal concentrations and fetal serum thromboxane generation did not change. There was no evidence of change in uterine blood flow, maternal or fetal blood pressure, heart rate, blood gas values, or fetal or maternal metabolites of prostacyclin or prostaglandin E2 during the study. We speculate that CGS 13080 may be efficacious in the treatment of human pregnancy-induced hypertension.
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PMID:Fetal and maternal response to intravenous infusion of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. 222 Sep 46

Autoimmune disorders such as SLE and ITP occur more commonly in young women and are the most common complications in pregnancy. There is considerable controversy concerning the risk to the mother and fetus, and the optimal prepartum management for minimizing that risk. 1. SLE is an autoimmune disorder in which IgG antibodies such as anti dsDNA-IgG, anticardiolipin IgG, and anti SS-A/Ro IgG are produced. Lupus nephropathy accompanied by diminished serum complement (CH50) and a rise in antibodies against dsDNA is a frequent clinical problem during pregnancy, which represents the adverse effect of hypertension or superimposed toxemia and causes fetal death or intrauterine fetal growth retardation. Habitual abortion or fetal death is common in a case with high anticardiolipin IgG titre. Anti SS-A antibodies are often found in the infants of antibody-positive mothers, and the deposition of antibodies in the perinodal region cause congenital heart block. IgG or immune complexes crossing the placenta directly injures the cardiac conduction system. In these cases which have high titre crossing the placenta directly injuries the cardiac conduction system. In these cases which have high titre of autoimmune antibodies, corticosteroid therapy should be started. 2. Management of ITP in pregnancy involves the consideration of three issues: 1) treatment of maternal thrombocytopenia, 2) prediction of fetal thrombocytopenia, 3) obstetrical management. ITP increases the risk for postpartum bleeding of sufficient severity to require blood transfusion. In most of these cases, maternal platelet counts are found to be less than 30,000/mm3. Women who have symptomatic severe steroid-unresponsive ITP may benefit from intravenous IgG(IvIgG) given as elective treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pregnancy complicated with autoimmune diseases]. 223 Apr 13

In this study, blood coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters were measured in maternal blood and fetal umbilical cord blood in 200 normal pregnant women and in 46 with severe toxemia of pregnancy (Toxemia), and the relationships between fetal growth and concentrations protein C (PC), antithrombin-III (AT-III) and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2-PI) were studied. 1. Significant increases in fibrin degradation products (FDP) and in plasminogen (Plg), AT-III and PC were found in maternal blood of Toxemia. A significant increase in AT-III and a decrease in alpha 2-PI and PC were observed in cord blood from these patients. 2. The platelet count (Pl) tended to be low in patients with Toxemia complicated by fetal growth retardation (IUGR). 3. Pl and fibrinogen (Fib) tended to be high in Toxemia complicated by normal fetal growth. 4. PC increased from early pregnancy, and a further increase was observed in the puerperium. 5. The PC concentration correlated with the AT-III but not with the alpha 2-PI concentration in maternal blood. 6. PC in cord blood was lower than that in maternal blood, and was correlated with AT-III and alpha 2-PI. 7. In patients with Toxemia, PC was reduced in both maternal and cord blood, and this correlated with AT-III as well as alpha 2-PI in maternal blood. 8. PC was low in Toxemia complicated by hypertension and proteinuria. These results suggest the involvement of FDP, AT-III, PC and Plg in the pathogenesis of Toxemia, and that the Pl, Fib, FDP and alpha 2-PI concentrations are related to fetal growth. Therefore, the PC and AT-III concentrations appeared to be a useful index for the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in pregnant women and appeared to be important factors in the degree of Toxemia and IUGR.
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PMID:[Blood coagulation and fibrinolytic studies in patients with toxemia of pregnancy]. 227 12


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