Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy of correlating the L/S ratio in the amniotic fluid with fetal lung maturity has been substantiated in normal pregnancies. In gestations complicated by fetomaternal diseases, however, the assay is less reliable. This study involves 555 pregnancies in which there was a significant maternal, fetal, or placental disorder. The L/S ratio was related to fetal respiratory maturity as measured by Dubowitz criteria and the occurrence of RDS. The results show that pre-eclampsia, chronic hypertension, diabetes (Class D, E, F), significant cardiovascular disease, severe hemoglobinopathies, various congenital anomalies, chronic placental insufficiency, and prolonged ruptured membranes accelerated the L/S ration. Conversely, mild diabetes (Class B, C), intrinsic renal disease, hepatitis, collagen disease, hydrops fetalis, syphilis, and toxoplasmosis were associated with a delay in the L/S ratio. A significant increase in erroneous responses was noted in these patients when the L/S ratio was correlated to infant maturity and to the incidence of RDS. Possible mechanisms for these findings are discussed.
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PMID:The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in cases associated with fetomaternal disease. 57 73

All autopsies on Black patients who died of heart disease at Baragwanath Hospital were examined for the years 1959, 1960 and 1976. The commonest form of heart disease encountered in South African Blacks is undoubtedly hypertensive heart disease and by far the majority of these cases are of essential hypertension. There appears to have been a slight rise in the incidence of hypertension. Rheumatic heart disease is extremely common, and affects young people, who often have advanced valvular lesions by puberty. The incidence of idiopathic cardiomyopathy does not seem to have altered materially, although there has perhaps been a slight drop, which may be accounted for by the tendency of clinicians to place cases of congestive cardiac failure with mild hypertension in the hypertensive group rather than in the idiopathic cardiomyopathy group. There was a significant alteration in the incidence of myocardial infarction; in 1959 and 1960 these cases comprised less than 1% of all cardiac deaths but in 1976 they comprised nearly 12%. There has also been a dramatic fall in the incidence of cardiovascular syphilis.
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PMID:The changing pattern of heart disease in South African Blacks. 60 91

A 33-year old man developed progressive intracranial hypertension with papilloedema due to thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) by extension of a skull osteitis. Serological tests for syphilis were positive in blood, CSF and synovial fluid. Under treatment with penicillin and corticosteroids signs of intracranial hypertension and CT scan abnormalities disappeared. SSS thrombosis persisted at angiographic control.
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PMID:[Thrombosis of the upper longitudinal sinus and syphilitic cranial osteitis]. 130 75

Circulating lupus anticoagulant (LA) is associated with thrombosis in large and small vessels. To determine how often the presence of LA is associated with thrombosis within the renal microcirculation, 33 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), renal dysfunction, and LA were identified over a 25-year period (LA group) and 32 patients with renal SLE but with normal gross coagulation screen were matched for age, sex, and biopsy timing (C group). Prevalences of serositis, neuropsychiatric illness, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, anti-DS-DNA elevation, and complement reduction were similar. Arthritis was less and biologic false-positive (BFP) syphilis serology more common in LA. More LA patients had thrombotic events (LA 39% v C 13%; P = 0.014); bleeding episodes, including postbiopsy, were similar. At biopsy, hypertension (LA 55%, C 41%), serum creatinine (mean +/- SD: LA 186 +/- 168 mumol/L [2.1 +/- 1.9 mg/dL] v C 150 +/- 168 mumol/L [1.7 +/- 1.9 mg/dL]) and proteinuria (LA 2.6 +/- 3.1 g/24 h v C 3.1 +/- 2.7) were similar. Lesions by World Health Organization (WHO) class, activity, and chronicity indices, as well as immunofluorescence (IF) and electron microscopy (EM) findings, were not significantly different. Occlusive glomerular, arteriolar, and arterial fibrin thrombi, along with varying degrees of renal thrombotic microangiopathy, were seen in five of 33 patients with LA, but zero of 32 C patients (P = 0.053); three of these five patients died soon after biopsy. Overall, mortality was not different between LA and C. We conclude that the majority of patients with SLE, renal dysfunction, and LA exhibit renal morphologic findings indistinguishable from patients without LA. However, a significant minority of LA patients have thrombotic microangiopathy in their biopsy, which is accompanied by a worse prognosis.
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PMID:Lupus anticoagulant in systemic lupus erythematosus: a clinical and renal pathological study. 144 58

The causes of all perinatal deaths at Mpilo Maternity Hospital were investigated over a 12-month period, during which there were a total of 466 stillbirths and 379 neonatal deaths, with a perinatal mortality rate of 36.0/1000 births in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. The causes of death were in order of importance; congenital syphilis (20.5 pc), birth asphyxia (18.8 pc), unexplained stillbirths (11.8 pc), hyaline membrane disease (11.5 pc) neonatal septicaemia (10.8 pc), congenital malformations (7.7 pc), pregnancy induced hypertension (5.4 pc), placental abruption (4.9 pc), congenital infection (2.2 pc) and other causes (6.4 pc). Eleven pc of mothers booking in antenatal clinics had positive syphilis serology. Most were successfully treated. But over 400 mothers with early syphilis escaped treatment usually because they booked late or failed to book at all at antenatal clinics (74 pc) and occasionally because they had false negative results or were infected after early booking (27 pc). They delivered 101 stillbirths, most of whom died prematurely before labour and often had abdominal distension. There were 72 neonatal deaths, most of whom were preterm babies with respiratory distress and often hepatosplenomegaly. One half of the deaths from asphyxia were caused by prolonged obstructed labour and one quarter by prolapsed cord, stuck head in breech delivery and retained second twin. The incidence of both early and late onset neonatal septicaemia was very high with Group B Streptococci, Kliebsiella and Staphylococcus aureus the predominant pathogens. Improved antenatal, intrapartum and neonatal care could substantially reduce the perinatal mortality rate by preventing congenital syphilis and birth asphyxia and by treating hyaline membrane disease and neonatal septicaemia.
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PMID:The causes of perinatal mortality in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. 147 75

The hemospermia is first of inflammatory origin, in the young, where it is due to urethro-prostatitis or orchio-epididymitis, in the old, to benign or malignant prostatic tumours. In 30-70% of the cases it is idiopathic. It can be connected with a prolonged sexual abstinence or with intense sexual activity. Predisposing diseases are prostatitis, epididymitis, urinary stones, gonorrhea, syphilis, tuberculosis, cirrhosis of the liver, blood hypertension, haematologic diseases. Our casistics, 60 patients in 4 years (1987-1990), has showed the hemospermia as isolated episode in 20% of the cases, in 35% associated with urologic symptoms. Juvenile forms, connected with urethro-prostatitis, are often associated with the echographic presence of periurethral calcifications or to a swelling of the seminal vesicles. In 8 patients, the hemospermia was recurrent, and due to a prostatic tumour. In 2 patients, with recurrent hemospermia, a urogenital tuberculosis has been detected.
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PMID:[Hemospermia: cause, clinical significance and our experience]. 148 85

Many studies of age-related cognitive decline have failed to distinguish between usual and successful aging. Although some degree of cognitive impairment is associated with aging, when one looks at average performance, there is great variability among individuals, with many showing little or no deleterious effects of aging on intellectual abilities. Many of the risk factors for dementia and for conditions associated with cognitive impairments can be treated or controlled. Among the preventable causes of cognitive decline are the following: AIDS, Alcohol and drug abuse, Cerebrovascular disease, Exposure to organic solvents or lead, Head trauma, Overmedication, Syphilis. Other conditions that may cause cognitive decline can be controlled or treated: Atherosclerosis, Depression, Diabetes, Emphysema, High blood pressure, Obesity, Sleep disorders, Thyroid dysfunction. In addition, it may be possible to enhance the cognitive performance of even healthy elderly people through changes in diet and lifestyle. Recent data raise the possibility that improved prenatal and perinatal care and greater access to educational opportunities may result in a decreased incidence of dementia in future generations of older adults. Although they are rapidly becoming more numerous, the efficacy of cognitive training programs in preventing or slowing cognitive decline has not yet been demonstrated. Nevertheless, such programs may ameliorate cognitive impairment by reducing the psychiatric disabilities associated with anxiety and depression. The general principle underlying these strategies for limiting cognitive impairment with age is to maximize brain reserve and minimize brain damage.
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PMID:Preventing cognitive decline. 157 76

As part of a survey of the causes of perinatal mortality at Mpilo Maternity Hospital, 220 neonatal deaths and the mothers of 221 stillbirths were tested for HIV-1 antibodies. The HIV positive rate in neonatal deaths was 23.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 18.0 to 29.2%), significantly higher than 15.4% (95% CI 10.6 to 20.1%) in stillbirths. Perinatal deaths from congenital malformations, birth asphyxia, pregnancy induced hypertension, placental abruption, and oFther non-infectious causes had similar low HIV positive rates averaging 8.1% (95% CI 3.9 to 12.3%). Deaths from septicaemia had a significantly greater rate of 39.3% (95% CI 27.0 to 51.6%) and the highest rate of 72.2% (95% CI 51.5 to 92.9%) was found in deaths from congenital infection other than syphilis, indicating that maternal HIV infection predisposes to neonatal septicaemia and congenital infection. Unexplained stillbirths also had a significantly greater rate of 22.4% (95% CI 10.7 to 34.1%), presumably because some died from unrecognised infection. The rate in deaths from congenital syphilis was 17.4% (95% CI 9.6 to 25.2%), indicating a significant but weak association between these two sexually transmitted diseases in Bulawayo. The rate in deaths from hyaline membrane disease was not significantly greater at 15.0% (95% CI 6.0 to 24.0%). By predisposing to infection, maternal HIV infection was estimated to increase the stillbirth rate by 1.6 times and the neonatal mortality rate by 2.7 times. It predisposed equally to early and late onset neonatal septicaemia, but more to infection from streptococci and staphylococci than from Gram negative enterobacteria. HIV positive deaths from congenital infection had respiratory distress and usually intrauterine growth retardation, hepatosplenomegaly, and congenital pneumonia on lung histology.
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PMID:HIV-1 infection and perinatal mortality in Zimbabwe. 159 95

The authors reviewed 3133 consecutive autopsies performed in the 5 year period from 1986 to 1990 in Queen Mary Hospital (Hong Kong), and 96 cases of aortic aneurysms were found. The incidence was 1 in 33 autopsies. The ratio of male to female was 1.8 to 1, and the disease was most common in the eighth decade of life. The majority of death was due to rupture (70%) or related atherosclerotic diseases (14%), and the majority of aneurysms were not suspected before autopsies (62%). Most of the non-dissecting aneurysms were found in the abdominal aorta, the infra-renal portion. For dissecting aneurysms, Daily's type A was much more common. Hypertension was recognized in a high proportion of cases. Accompanying diseases like syphilis, Takayasu's disease, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accident, diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, and chronic obstructive airway disease were also noted.
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PMID:Aortic aneurysm at autopsy: a five year survey in Hong Kong. 162 28

25 cases of cerebral infarcts in vertebrobasilar arterial system are reported. Those were divided into 4 groups: 1. Embolism (10), the causes were NBTE, pulmonary infarct, rheumatic or congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, respectively, and 2 unknown. 2. Thrombosis (5), the causes were arteriosclerosis, vascular malformations in the basal part of cerebrum. 3. Inflammatory infarcts (3), those were verified from tuberculosis, syphilis and aspergillosis respectively. 4. Lacunar infarcts (7), the causes were considered from hypertension. Pathologically, it was noticed that the location of embolism often situated at the terminal of basilar artery, and that if the embolism was completely obliterated, often a hemorrhagic infarction would follow. But the thrombosis in basilar artery, even the lumen was completely obliterated, any infarct would not follow, if the related collateral circulation was satisfactory. Clinically, the embolism in basilar artery often showed sudden onset, and that the symptoms of brain stem would aggravate quickly, but the thrombosis in basilar artery, if the collateral circulation was satisfactory, and symptom of brain stem might not follow.
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PMID:[Pathological and etiological studies on cerebral infarction in the vertebrobasilar arterial system]. 188 23


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