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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A six point concentration: response curved of the contractile effect of angiotensin II (AII) on helically-cut strips of human chorionic plate artery strips were established at final concentrations of between 10(-14) to 10(-9) M. The tissues were obtained from the placentae of primigravid patients who had normal pregnancy, and also from those with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). The tissue response were then related to mode of delivery, obstetric analgesia, and anaesthesia. A total of 36 chorionic plate arteries from 12 primigravid patients were studied. i) The overall initial EC50s of the tissues ranged from 8.0 x 10(-13) M and 4.5 x 10(-13) M. The tissues from PIH patients were significantly more sensitive to AII, when compared with tissues from the normotensive subjects (P greater than or equal to 0.01 less than or equal to 0.05). ii) The tissues from epidural vaginal deliveries were also significantly more sensitive to AII, than those from both normal vaginal deliveries and caesarean deliveries respectively. The median gradients of the semi-log transformed concentration response curved were 2.4 +/- 0.18; 1.27 +/- 0.37, and 1.5 +/- 0.49, for epidural, Caeserean and normal vaginal deliveries respectively. iii) It is suggested that whilst Lumbar epidural analgesia may be of great value in pain relief in labour and in the control of intrapartum hypertension in pre-eclampsia, this procedure may be associated with hypersensitivity and perhaps vasospasm of the placental vasculature to vasoactive agents invivo.
West Afr J Med
PMID:The influence of mode of delivery, obstetric analgesia and anaesthesia on the response of isolated human chorionic plate arteries to angiotensin II. 248 65

Response to Nadolol (Corgard) tablets has been studied in newly diagnosed Nigerian patients with essential hypertension attending the hypertension clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan. 21 out of 26 recruited patients completed the study. The mean age was 47.3 +/- 9.5 SD years. The mean supine systolic blood pressure post placebo was 177.6 +/- 13.3 SD mm Hg, while the diastolic blood pressure was 101.7 +/- 11.7 SD mm Hg. After 8 weeks, the mean readings were 126.2 +/- 11.2 SD mm Hg supine systolic and 81 +/- 8.9SD mm Hg supine diastolic. In the erect position, the corresponding mean readings post placebo and at 8 weeks 168.8 +/- 21.9 SD mm Hg and 125.2 +/- 15.4 SD mm Hg systolic, and 107.4 +/- 12.2 SD mm Hg and 86 +/- 8 SD mm Hg diastolic respectively. There was a significant difference (P less than .001) between the mean readings post placebo and at 8 weeks in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the supine and erect positions). The mean supine pulse rate per minute post placebo was 80 +/- 7, and at 8 weeks 70 +/- 3. There was a significant difference (P less than .001) between the two pulse rates. 2 of the 26 patients were taken off the trial at 4 weeks because of poor response, but were included in the determination of effectiveness, toleration and side effects. Nadolol was found highly effective in 15 patients (65.2%) moderately effective in 6 patients (26%) and ineffective in 2 patients (8.6%). Side effects were not a problem in this study and toleration was excellent in most cases.
West Afr J Med
PMID:Clinical experience with nadolol in Nigerian patients with essential hypertension. 248 67

Haemospermia is an uncommon disorder of diverse aetiology, which includes diseases of the urethra, prostate and hypertension. There is no report of haemospermia in this environment and this communication describes a case associated with severe hypertension.
West Afr J Med
PMID:Severe hypertension and haemospermia--a case report. 248 79

A six point concentration: response curves for the contractile effect of angiotensin II (AII) on helically-cut strips of human chorionic plate arteries were established at final concentration of between 10(-14) M to 10(-9) M. The tissues were obtained from the placentae of women who had normotensive pregnancy and from those who had pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). A total of 24 chorionic plate artery strips were studied. The responses of the tissues from the normotensive and hypertensive pregnant subjects to physiological concentrations of AII (10(-14)-10(-13)M) were very similar. The overall EC50s were 8.0 x 10(-13) and 4.5 x 10(-13)M for the normotensive and the hypertensive tissues respectively. However, at higher concentrations of AII (10(-12) M and above) the artery strips from the PIH subjects were significantly more sensitive to AII than the tissues from the normotensive subjects (P less than or equal to 0.05). It is suggested that vasospasm and hypersensitivity characteristic of maternal vascular response to angiotensin II, in pregnancy induced hypertension, also occur in the placental vascular system.
West Afr J Med
PMID:Studies on the response of isolated human chorionic plate artery strips to angiotensin II in normal pregnancy and in pregnancy induced hypertension. 248 7

Schistosomiasis is endemic in Nigeria as revealed by several prevalence studies but the degree of endemicity is low. The proliferation of several irrigation projects all over the country has stabilized the infection in Northern Nigeria while in the West rapid urbanisation, supply of portable water and mass chemotherapy have combined to reduce the prevalence rates. Human infection is measured by the determination of incidence, prevalence and intensity of infection. Heavy infections can rapidly be detected by use of urinalysis reagent strips to measure haematuria and protein levels in urine. The prevalence of severe pathological forms of the disease is very low and schistosomiasis is not associated with bacteriuria or hypertension in Nigeria, although isolated cases of ectopic lesions of the genitalis and uterus have been reported. Nodular filling defects occur early during infection, while bladder calcification comes at a later stage. The severity of the disease is related to the intensity of infection. Clinical trials with metrifonate and niridazole among other drugs have been carried out, with varying results. A new drug, praziquantel has been assessed and found suitable for mass use. Three methods of control include adequate provision of safe water, selective or targeted mass chemotherapy and use of molluscicides to kill the snails. Each method has its advantages and drawbacks, but the therapeutic approach is cheap, effects quicker result and treats the infected patients.
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PMID:The schistosomiasis problem in Nigeria. 250 14

In measuring the quality of life and other such end points in a trial, it is widely recognized that poor methods and observer and subject bias may invalidate the results. The measurement of two aspects of the quality of life, activity and well-being, is attempted using methods which include valid, repeatable assessments that are also sensitive to the actions of pharmaceutical agents. Methods are described for use in a randomized controlled trial to measure three aspects of well-being: symptoms, activity, and psychological status. These methods are employed in a single-blind randomized trial of a combination of oxprenolol plus diuretic compared with captopril plus diuretic in 97 patients with mild to moderate hypertension. The patients are from West German centers involved in a multicenter European study. In 34 (35%) of the patients, well-being was assessed from a self-administered questionnaire, and in the remaining 63 patients the investigators interviewed the patients and asked the same questions. Data are presented at entry to the trial. The methods appeared to be successful at that stage and the results were comparable with those for similar studies in London. Activity, well-being, and psychological status were sufficiently correlated to suggest that the methods are valid estimates of certain aspects of the quality of life. However, two major problems remain. Less disability was reported when the questionnaires were completed by the investigators; and after randomization their nonblindness must raise doubts about the objectivity of interviewer-derived data. The results of the trial may have to be assessed solely from self-administered questionnaires.
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PMID:Quality of life in hypertensive patients on different antihypertensive treatments: rationale for methods employed in a multicenter randomized controlled trial. 258 Jan 68

Twenty-four-h urinary sodium and dopamine output by normotensive adults from 5 different ethnic groups have been measured. The groups differed substantially in the correlation between the urinary output to sodium and dopamine. Those with a traditionally salt rich diet (Thais, Caucasians, Zimbabweans) showed a strong positive correlation (p less than 0.001), whereas no such relationship was found in West Africans and Iranians, who come from traditionally salt scarce environments. It is hypothesised that in some races the lack of or uncoupling of the renal sodium-dopamine relationship, possibly as a mechanism to help conserve dietary sodium, predisposes to the development of hypertension when the individuals encounter a salt rich diet.
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PMID:Ethnic differences in the renal sodium-dopamine relationship: a possible explanation for regional variation in the prevalence of hypertension? 261 51

The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to examine the relationships among health-promoting behaviors, perceived social support, and self-reported health of 113 persons age 55 years and over, who were attending nutrition sites in northern West Virginia. Three hypotheses were formulated: (1) health-promoting behaviors are positively related to perceived social support; (2) health-promoting behaviors are positively related to self-reported health, and (3) perceived social support is positively related to self-reported health. Only the first two were supported by our findings. Data analysis revealed positive correlations between the average health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP) score and education, and frequency of attending the nutrition site screening clinics for high blood pressure and diabetes. Better-educated subjects scored higher on selected subscales of the HPLP (self-actualization and health responsibility). Age was negatively correlated with the HPLP subscales of health responsibility and exercise. Nurses and support personnel at nutrition sites should focus increased attention on the older participants and those who are less well-educated. Expanding the variety and frequency of health services available to nutrition site participants merits attention.
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PMID:Health-promoting behaviors, perceived social support, and self-reported health of Appalachian elderly. 261 52

A 65-year-old man with hypertension and glaucoma developed diuretic-induced hypokalaemia complicated by torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia. This arrhythmia requires accurate recognition so that appropriate therapy may be administered. When torsade de pointes is diagnosed, a careful search for underlying causes should be conducted as reversal of these may prove curative, as in this case.
West Indian Med J 1989 Sep
PMID:Torsade de pointes. An unusual form of ventricular tachycardia. 261 37

Results of cardiac transplantation have improved steadily following the first successful operation in 1967. However, rejection, infection, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and accelerated coronary artery disease remain important late problems after successful heart transplantation. Facilitated patient access to the transplant center based upon geographic proximity to the home, family, and primary care physicians leads to enhanced care by allowing the original transplant team to remain actively involved with ease in the long-term follow-up. With this goal in mind, a cardiac transplantation center was developed with emphasis on developing an organized approach to providing care for patients with refractory congestive heart failure in the Virginia, West Virginia, Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Delaware area. Twenty-one of the 22 patients (95.4 per cent) survived and resumed active lives one to 26 months following heart transplantation. Forty-four rejection episodes occurred and were treated successfully, primarily on an outpatient basis. Only six infections were serious enough to require readmission to Fairfax Hospital, but all responded completely to treatment. Cardiac transplantation at a center focusing on regional patient care is not only less costly and more comfortable for patients and their families, but the continuity of care and comprehensive management of late complications can lead to improved long-term survival rates.
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PMID:Cardiac transplantation: goals and two-year results. 267 97


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