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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A few states, notably California, are experiencing large increases in the number and cost of disability settlements under workers' compensation. Claims of cumulative injury for coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, cancer and neuropsychiatric problems have all been interpreted as compensable under workers' compensation, even when these conditions are clearly related to the aging process. Legal precedents for such claims are building rapidly throughout the country. The resultant costs may lead to the demise of the workers' compensation system. The situation in California is discussed in detail including the legal aspects, cumulative injury claims by type of disease and age of claimants, legal costs to the individual and the employer, and the economic outlook for the workers' compensation insurance system.
West J Med 1978 Sep
PMID:Cumulative injury. 15 86

Two-hundred-and-forty-eight full-blood tribal Aborigines from the West Kimberley region of Western Australia were surveyed for the prevalence of coronary heart disease, and compared with the known prevalence in whites in the country town of Busselton, WA. The prevalence was found to be greater among the Aborigines, with 7% of men, and 11% of women being found to have "probable" coronary heart disease. Seven per cent of the population had electrocardiographic changes characteristic of frank ischaemia. The major risk factors contributing to this high prevalence were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Thirty-seven per cent of the Aborigines were hypertensive, and 17% had diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Coronary heart disease in tribal Aborigines--the West Kimberley survey. 28 96

In a random house-to-house study of 18000 urban Zulus the overall prevalence of essential hypertension was %25 (female 27%; males 23%). Women between the ages of 35 and 40 years had a higher prevalence than men. The mean arterial pressure according to age and sex was not as high as in the American Negro, West Indian or Nigerian, but certainly higher than in most Caucasian populations. The mean arterial pressure rose with age, showing a greater rise in systolic than in diastolic blood pressure. More effective screening and therapeutic programmes should be initiated in Blacks, since this study showed that 90% of the subjects who had hypertension were undiagnosed, undetected or inadequately treated.
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PMID:The prevalence of hypertension in the urban Zulu. 69 49

An open trial of prazosin has been conducted among 18 males aged 18-68 years (mean 42.7) and 22 females aged 23-70 years (mean 47.5) seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital Hypertension Clinic. 3 suffered from mild to moderate hypertension and 9 suffered from severe hypertension. The dose employed ranged from 2 to 60 mg per day in 2 or 3 divided doses. All 6 patients whose placebo diastolic pressure was below 100 mm Hg gave excellent response. 19(76%) of the 25 patients whose placebo diastolic pressure ranged from 100 to 114 mm Hg gave excellent response. Only 3 to 9 patients whose placebo diastolic pressure ranged from 115 to 129 mm Hg gave excellent response. There was improved response when polythiazide 2 mg daily was added to the treatment. The total number giving excellent response increased from 28 (70%) to 36 (90%). In 3 cases (7.5%), the response was fair and one case (2.5%) remained poor. In most cases there was slight increase in pulse rate. The side effects encountered included palpitation in 8 patients 3 of whom also had postural hypotension. There were no biochemical or haematological abnormalities caused by prazosin but on continued therapy 16 patients developed tolerance to its effect. Thus prazusin has been found to be useful addition to the antihypertensive arm amentarium.
West Afr J Pharmacol Drug Res 1976 Jun
PMID:An open trial of prazosin in the treatment of hypertension. 79 3

A casual relationship between von Recklinghausen's disease, or neurofibromatosis, and arteriolar abnormalities has been reported in the European literature. A patient was seen who had biopsy-proved neurofibromatosis and renovascular hypertension and retroperitoneal bleeding. An arteriographic study showed multiple small aneurysms throughout the coeliac axis, the superior mesenteric artery and in several small intrarenal vessels. Renal vein renin levels were elevated particularly in the right renal vein, supporting the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. Both the aneurysms seen in angiographic studies and the retroperitoneal hemorrhage are probably vascular manifestations of von Recklinghausen's disease. Support for this conclusion is enhanced by the absence of clinical, laboratory or histologic data supporting the only tenable differential diagnosis, periarteritis nodosa.
West J Med 1975 Feb
PMID:Vascular manifestations of von Recklinghausen's disease. 80 43

1 Hypertension in West Indians and Africans is common and has an unacceptably high mortality in the younger patients. 2 Fifty-three patients received labetalol (a combined alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist) as part of an open evaluation of its anti-hypertensive effect. Ten non-caucasian patients were included. 3 Significant reductions in systolic and diastolic pressures were obtained in the caucasian patients, the African and West Indian patients remaining refractory to therapy.
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PMID:A study of labetalol in patients of European, West Indian and West African origin. 99 Jan 55

The effects of mineralocorticoids on urine and electrolyte excretion were studied in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats of Okamoto-Aoki strain and in normotensive white albino wistar strain rats. Sodium excretion fell from 0.568 meq/day to 0.336 meq/day a reduction of 40%, on the 4th day of steroid administration in the SH rats whilst a 30% reduction was observed on the 6th day in normotensive rats whilst urine volumes were not significantly altered in both groups. Similarly, the phase of acute sodium retention was reversed (renal escape) earlier in the SH rats on the 7th experimental day when further administration of mineralocorticoids resulted in a two-fold increased in sodium excretion. Urine volumes were significantly increased during this phase. The pattern of response in SH rats differ significantly in time and magnitude from the normotensive controls. As the renal escape phenomenon is linked with extracellular volume regulation these results highlight the exaggerated sensitivity to increases in blood volume associated with genetic spontaneous hypertension.
West Afr J Pharmacol Drug Res 1976 Dec
PMID:The renal escape from the sodium retaining effect of mineralocorticoids in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 102 6

Thirty-one children received 38 kidney transplants from 22 live and 16 cadaver donors. Among the 31 patients, 25 received one transplant each, 5 received two transplants each and 1 received three transplants. Peritoneal or hemodialysis (or both) was carried out in 22 patients, with an average dialytic maintenance of 12 weeks before transplantation. Posttransplant immunosuppressive therapy included prednisone and azathioprine. Antilymphocyte globulin was administered to 33 recipients as adjunctive immunosuppressive therapy. At present, 23 patients have functioning allografts, 3 are on hemodialysis and 5 are dead. Of 22 live kidney transplants, 18 are presently functioning two months to 14 years after transplantation with an average of 36 months. Of 16 cadaver kidney transplants, 5 are presently functioning 9 to 57 months after transplantation with an average of 32 months. Actuarial live donor allograft survival for one year was 76 percent, for two years was 66 percent and for three years was 64 percent. Cadaver allograft survival was 50 percent, 40 percent and 40 percent, respectively. Complications were urologic and infection related. Of nine recipients with sustained hypertension, in six the condition was due to chronic rejection, while in one it was due to recurrence of the original disease in the allograft. Linear growth was measured in 15 children who were less than 14 years of age at the time of transplantation and in whom allografts survived more than one year. Maximum average linear growth velocity occurred during the first year after transplantation. Our experience indicates pediatric renal transplantation can be successfully used in the treatment of terminal renal failure.
West J Med 1975 Jul
PMID:Pediatric renal transplantation. 109 88

Previous attempts to assess sympathetic nervous system activity in patients with hypertension have used a variety of physiologic, pharmacologic and biochemical techniques. Results have been conflicting and confusing. Recently, the activity in plasma of the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), has been proposed as an index of sympathetic nervous system activity. Studies of apparently healthy subjects show that high values (greater than 60 units per liter) for plasma DBH activity correlate with pronounced daily lability of blood pressure and frequent readings greater than 130/85 mm of mercury. Studies of patients referred for evaluation of established hypertension show significantly higher values for plasma DBH activity in patients with primary hypertension than in those with commonly recognized forms of secondary hypertension-that is, renovascular, renal parenchymal and adrenocortical. Therefore, the measurement of plasma DBH activity may be helpful in the study and differential diagnosis of hypertensive diseases. Measurement of DBH in plasma is inexpensive, reproducible and relatively easy to do.
West J Med 1975 Aug
PMID:Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. An index of adrenergic function in hypertensive patients. 117 15

Phencyclidine is now one of the most frequently used main ingredients of "street drug" preparations. Its effects are highly dose dependent and three varieties of acute intoxication have been seen clinically associated with different dosages and routes of administration. Most persons using phencyclidine smoke it sprinkled on parsley in low doses. The presence of horizontal and vertical nystagmus associated with hypertension in a patient who is agitated or comatose are diagnostic of a phencyclidine intoxicated state. Sensory isolation and intravenous administration of diazepam in the event of seizure activity have proved effective in the treatment of acute intoxicated states. Phencyclidine has pronounced behavioral toxicity and several deaths due to this agent have now been documented. It is unknown whether seizure activity or respiratory depression is the primary cause of death in pharmacological overdoses.
West J Med 1975 Nov
PMID:Phencyclidine--states of acute intoxication and fatalities. 121 Mar 29


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