Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of reserpine on the nasal mucous membrane in the various conditions of its autonomic denervation was investigated in the rabbits. Histochemical analysis of a acetylcholine esterase and quantitative measurements of acetylcholine were performed. The results point out that reserpine influence is found only on the vascular elements in the mucous membrane and not on the subepithelial glands. Analogically it was concluded that in some patients with arterial hypertension who were treated with reserpine, its side effect, nasal obstruction, was caused only by vasodilatation. In rhinitis vasomotorica, in the addition to the vasodilatation the abounding secretion of subepithelial mucous glands is present. The performed experiments also point out that resection of the vidian nerve in resistant cases of vasomotor rhinitis with aboundant secretion is reasonable.
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PMID:[Influence of reserpine on the nasal mucous membrane (author's transl)]. 13 41

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are useful first-line drugs in the therapy of mild and moderate hypertension. Adverse reactions to this drug class are rarely serious. Hypotension, cough, rash, and taste disturbance are uncommon; reduced glomerular filtration and hyperkalemia occur infrequently; angioedema is rare and neutropenia is extremely rare. Quinapril is a new ACE inhibitor that is converted to biologically active quinaprilat in the liver. This ACE inhibitor has a rapid onset of action and inhibits local tissue converting enzyme systems in kidney, heart, and brain, as well as in the circulating renin-angiotensin system. Clinically significant adverse effects of quinapril occur at low rates. In 1,771 patients receiving quinapril, the reported incidence of the first occurrence of orthostatic hypotension was comparable to that seen in patients receiving placebo. In other studies, headache was reported by up to 4.7% of patients receiving quinapril, which is comparable to reported incidences of headache in patients receiving other ACE inhibitors. Other adverse events reported at rates greater than 1% include cough with associated rhinitis and bronchitis, dizziness, and somnolence. Such adverse events have only rarely led to the withdrawal of patients from clinical studies of quinapril.
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PMID:Adverse effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in antihypertensive therapy with focus on quinapril. 154 39

1. The cardiovascular effects of the proprietary cold remedies, Mu-cron and Boots Cold Relief tablets were compared with 'placebo' Boots Pain Relief tablets in a double-blind study involving 16 healthy volunteers. Measurements (impedance cardiography, forearm plethysmography) were made over 4 h after oral drug administration. 2. Two Mu-cron tablets (containing phenylpropanolamine [(1R,2S)- plus (1S,2R)-norephedrine] 50 mg) increased blood pressure (maximal effect 18 +/- 1/8 +/- 1 mm Hg (mean +/- s.e. mean), P less than 0.001), stroke volume (4.9 +/- 0.8 ml m-2, P less than 0.05), total peripheral resistance (243 +/- 27 dyn s cm-5 m2, P less than 0.001) and forearm vascular resistance (1.3 +/- 0.3 mm Hg ml-1 min, P less than 0.01) and reduced the ratio of pre-ejection period to ventricular ejection time (-0.031 +/- 0.003, P less than 0.05) and forearm blood flow (-2.6 +/- 0.5 ml min-1, P less than 0.05) but did not affect heart rate or cardiac index. 3. Two Boots Cold Relief tablets (containing phenylephrine 10 mg and caffeine 60 mg) caused a small and short-lived increase in total peripheral resistance but did not have consistent effects on other measurements. Two Boots Pain Relief tablets (containing caffeine 60 mg) did not have important cardiovascular effects. 4. The cardiovascular effects of phenylpropanolamine, including vasoconstriction and an increase in cardiac performance, are consistent with its alpha- and beta 1-adrenoceptor agonist action. While it may help the symptoms of rhinitis, its use in patients with heart disease or hypertension is hazardous.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A comparison of the cardiovascular effects of phenylpropanolamine and phenylephrine containing proprietary cold remedies. 172 92

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) are used widely in the treatment of both hypertension and congestive heart failure. Although usually well tolerated, these medications may produce side effects that may be encountered by the allergist, including cough, angioedema, and rhinitis symptoms. The severity of ACEI-induced cough may vary, and is associated with increased bronchial hyperreactivity in some (but not all) patients as judged by methacholine sensitivity. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough may have its onset from one day to 12 months after initiation of therapy, and is not dose dependent. Angioedema caused by ACEI is usually mild and clears with discontinuation of the drug, however cases requiring intubation and tracheostomy have been reported. The mechanism of ACEI-induced cough remains unclear, but could be in part due to accumulation of substances whose degradation may also be impeded by ACEI, such as substance P, bradykinins, and/or prostaglandins. Knowledge of the side effects produced by this class of medication may help patients avoid unnecessary, costly, and often invasive diagnostic evaluations.
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PMID:Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and the allergist. 222 91

To contribute more comprehensive information about the characteristics of asthma, this article analyzed patients served by the University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Asthma Program. Their physicians rated one fifth of these patients as having "severe" asthma with the remainder about equally divided between "moderate" and "mild". One in two first received a diagnosis of asthma ten or more years previously. Common comorbidities were hypertension, obesity, rhinitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, and arthritis. One half had visited an emergency room or been hospitalized for asthma in the past year. Inhaled bronchodilators and continuous theophylline were the most commonly prescribed medications. Side effects, especially tachycardia and insomnia, were common and almost exclusively associated with theophylline or corticosteroid therapy. Spirometric assessment showed chronic airflow obstruction in those with more severe asthma. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms, intensity of medication regimen, incidence of side effects, and health care utilization increased as asthma severity increased.
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PMID:Characteristics and correlates of asthma in a university clinic population. 220 37

This study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel comparison of labetalol vs. placebo added to hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) for the treatment of essential hypertension. The study consisted of 2 to 4 weeks of placebo and 3 to 7 weeks of HCTZ, 25 mg twice a day. Both of these first two phases were single blind. Subjects whose standing diastolic blood pressure remained greater than 95 mm Hg while taking HCTZ were randomized to receive either labetalol or matching placebo in addition to the HCTZ. Labetalol was started at 100 mg twice a day; the dose was increased every 2 weeks to a maximum of 400 mg twice a day. Subjects continued taking their maximum tolerated labetalol dose for another 4 weeks during the final phase of the study. Blood pressure fell 10/9 mm Hg supine and 17/13 mm Hg standing after the addition of labetalol (n = 83) and 3/4 and 5/5 mm Hg, respectively, after placebo (n = 91). Labetalol was equally effective in blacks and whites. There was suggestive evidence that women responded better to the combined therapy than did men, and that people greater than 55 years old responded better than those less than 55 years old. Five subjects receiving labetalol and one receiving placebo were dropped from the study because of side effects. Rhinitis was the only adverse effect reported significantly more often with labetalol than with placebo. We conclude that labetalol is a safe and effective step II antihypertensive for patients with moderate to moderately severe hypertension that does not respond adequately to HCTZ alone.
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PMID:Labetalol and hydrochlorothiazide in hypertension. Labetalol/Hydrochlorothiazide Multicenter Study Group. 286 Sep 90

Literature data, reviewed by the author, are suggestive of the risk of acute and chronic intoxication for the humans exposed to cadmium. Cadmium poisoning can lead to rhinitis, nephropathy with typical proteinuria and osteomalacia. Investigators are specially interested in cadmium-related cardiomyopathy, symptomatic arterial hypertension, hepatic and prostatic disorders.
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PMID:[Cadmium-related pathology in man]. 306 52

Five patients presented with unusually severe and therapy-resistant rhinitis, sinusitis, and nasal polyps. Long courses of antibiotics did not cure the sinusitis, and recurrences appeared soon after surgical intervention. The patients used non-selective beta blockers for hypertension or as secondary prophylaxis after cardiac infarction, either timolol (n = 4) or propranolol (n = 1), and the nasal problems developed with a latency ranging from a few days up to four years of beta blocker use. Two of the patients discontinued the beta blocker for reasons relating to cardiovascular status and experienced complete remission of the nasal problems without further treatment. In the three remaining patients the therapy was withdrawn. The symptoms cleared within weeks, and did not recur. The patients who needed beta blockade experienced no recurrence when put on beta-1-selective blocker (metoprolol or atenolol).
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PMID:[Nasal polyps and chronic sinusitis as a possible adverse effect of non-selective beta blockers]. 799 69

This study was conducted to assess the long-term safety of fluticasone propionate 50 micrograms twice daily (100 micrograms/day) or 100 micrograms twice daily (200 micrograms/day) administered via a dry powder inhaler in children aged 4-17 years with moderately severe asthma. A total of 257 patients received open treatment for 12 months. Of these, 110 had not received treatment with fluticasone propionate in any prior study. The remaining 147 patients had completed one of two previous short-term inhaled fluticasone propionate studies. In all, 132 patients (51%) reported 273 adverse events, the pattern of which was as expected in an atopic population with asthma; only 26 (10%) of these reports were considered either certainly, probably or possibly related to study treatment. The events most commonly reported either as a single or multiple diagnosis were: asthma and related events (25%), upper respiratory tract infection (13%), and rhinitis (6%). For most patients who reported a worsening of asthma, additional therapy was all that was required to control symptoms, and they continued in the study. There was a low incidence (2%) of pharmacologically predictable adverse events. Eight patients (3%) withdrew from the study because of an adverse event, five of which events (one each of hypertension, hoarseness and asthma and two of oral candidiasis) were recorded as being possibly or probably drug-related. Sixteen adverse events reported by 15 patients (6%) were classified as serious but none was considered to be related to the study drug. Of these reports 10 ( patients; 4%) were exacerbations of asthma requiring hospital admission; the other six adverse events were unrelated to asthma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:An open study to assess the long-term safety of fluticasone propionate in asthmatic children. International Study Group. 817 74

1. Bradykinin and related kinins may act on four types of receptors designated as B1, B2, B3 and B4. It seems that the B2 receptors are most commonly found in various vascular and non-vascular smooth muscles, whereas B1 receptors are formed in vitro during trauma, and injury, and are found in bone tissues. 2. These BK receptors are involved in the regulations of various physiological and pathological processes. 3. The mode of kinin actions are based upon the interactions between the kinin and their specific receptors, which can lead to activation of several second-messenger systems. 4. Recently, numerous BK receptors antagonists have been synthesized with prime aim to treat diseases caused by excessive kinin production. 5. These diseases are RA, inflammatory diseases of the bowel, asthma, rhinitis and sore throat, allergic reactions, pain, inflammatory skin disorders, endotoxin and anaphylactic shock and coronary heart diseases. 6. On the other hand, BK receptor antagonists could be contraindicated in hypertension, since these drugs may antagonize the antihypertensive therapy and/or may trigger the hypertensive crisis. 7. It is worth suggesting that the BK receptor agonists might be useful antihypertensive drugs.
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PMID:Therapeutic prospects of bradykinin receptor antagonists. 838 49


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