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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 64-year-old white man, treated with systemic corticosteroids for five years, developed polyarteritis. He then developed a severe scleritis with an exudative retinal detachment in the right eye, which became blind and painful and was enucleated 23 months after onset of the scleritis. Histopathologic examination of the enucleated eye revealed granulomatous scleritis, chronic nongranulomatous uveitis, exudative retinal detachment, and perivasculitis of intrascleral, iris, ciliary body, and retinal blood vessels. Systemic findings were minimal and limited to elevated sedimentation rate, weight loss, mild anemia, and microscopic hematuria. Respiratory disease, severe kidney disease, hypertension, and arthritis were notably absent. A muscle biopsy established the diagnosis.
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PMID:Exudative retinal detachment and scleritis in polyarteritis. 1 92

Assessments of likely associations between ulcer and other diseases are hindered by the frequent lack of controls, by controls which are inadequate, and by inadequate descriptions of techniques used. The inherent biases in some of the techniques have also probably been insufficiently appreciated. Ulcer is common in the community and much of the evidence adduced to suggest ulcer/other-disease associations may well be describing oridinary ulcer frequency which has been underestimated. With such problems in mind, few of the proposed associations bear examination. Ulcer is probably unusually frequent in patients undergoing treatment for chronic renal failure. It is possibly more frequent in association with hyperparathyroidism and in cirrhotics, in cardiovascular disease (except hypertension), and in chronic respiratory disease. Evidence for other associations is not compelling.
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PMID:Gastric and duodenal ulcer and their associated diseases. 7 51

We assessed the effect of "healed" childhood renal disease on subsequent pregnancies by following-up a cohort of 224 children initially hospitalized with kidney disease. The pregnancy experience in this cohort was compared to two "control" cohorts comprising 81 female siblings and 191 age-matched female patients hospitalized contemporaneously for respiratory infection. The incidence of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and pregnancy-associated hypertension was not different among the cohorts; however, the incidence of infants with low birth weights was significantly greater in the renal and respiratory disease groups. Childhood kidney disease followed by impaired renal function (serum creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dL) was associated with greater maternal and fetal morbidity. Kidney disease in childhood followed by apparent healing and no functional renal impairment does not have an adverse effect on maternal welfare, although the incidence of infants with low birth weight is apparently increased.
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PMID:Antecedent renal disease and the outcome of pregnancy. 43 73

Setting out from the components of respiratory function, i.e., ventilation, distribution, diffusion, circulation, respiratory mechanics, and regulation of breathing, the pathogenic mechanisms leading to respiratory failure are discussed. In every case, the vital capacity is decreased by 4 factors, namely loss of ventilated lung parenchyma, diminished compliance of lungs, thorax or both, airway obstruction, and insufficient respiratory airflow. With few exceptions, these alterations can be attributed to the two general groups of obstructive and restrictive disturbances of ventilation. Essential for the understanding of airway obstruction from the viewpoint of mechanical ventilation is the dependence of the airway caliber on lung volume, thoracic pressure, and bronchial gas flow. The functional differentiation of restrictive disorders between forms with lung retraction(fibrosis, scarring) and with lung fettering (pleural thickening) is important for adequate correction of complications during the intensive care phase. Respiratory failure is the consequence of these alterations which usually impede pulmonary gas exchange. Hypoxemia results in most situations through disturbance of ventilation/perfusion ratio, especially increase of anatomical or functional pulmonary right-to-left shunting. Disturbance of diffusion or alveolar hypoventilation are far less frequently leading mechanisms for hypoxemia. The differential diagnosis of these hypoxemic mechanisms is generally by arterial blood gas analysis under resting conditions breathing air and 100% oxygen, and during exercise. Respiratory failure often leads to hypertension in the lesser circulation. Pulmonary arterial hypertension must be subdivided into the active, the passive and the hyperdynamic forms, of which only the active component is important for the evaluation of pulmonary insufficiency since only this kind of elevated pressure in the pulmonary circulation is connected with increased vascular resistance due to thoracopulmonary disease. By restoration of normoxic conditions, the functional variant of active pulmonary hypertension can be efficiently improved by correction of respiratory disease or directly by treatment with oxygen and by mechanical ventilation. Finally, disturbances of gas transport in the blood may have an essential bearing on respiratory failure, but are often overlooked in diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Shifting of the oxygen-dissociation curve to the left may, by increased oxygen affinity of hemoglobin, create a lack of oxygen in the peripheral tissue, while right wardshifting impedes oxygenation of hemoglobin in the lung. Thus, the correction of acidosis and elevated body temperature may become an important factor in the treatment of respiratory failure.
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PMID:[Basis of respiratory insufficiency]. 52 97

Pulmonary haemodynamics was studied in the course of a calibrated exercise test on an ergometric cycle in 55 patients with chronic obstructive respiratory disease. Three groups of patients could be distinguished: absent pulmonary artery hypertension, both at rest and on exercise (group I), pulmonary artery hypertension on effort only (group II), permanent pulmonary hypertension, both on effort and at rest (group III). If adaptation of the cardiac output to exercise was identical in three groups and appeared to be normal, the relationship between pulmonary artery pressure and flow differed clearly from one group to another. Elements of orientation make it possible to foresee this latent pulmonary artery hypertension on the basis of rest gazometry and simple spirography data. The prognostic and aetiologic significations were discussed.
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PMID:[Value of hemodynamic exploration under exercise in chronic bronchitis]. 81 99

Hospital admission rates and death rates for cerebrovascular disease differ markedly between states. Hospital admission data were analyzed: (a) to ascertain why death rates from this disease group are lower in Michigan than in North Carolina and (b) to clarify whether hospital care in either state has inadequacies that can be corrected quickly. Among both whites and blacks of the same age, case-fatality ratios were higher in North Carolina than in Michigan. Subarachnoid and cerebral hemorrhages were diagnosed more often in the southern state. For both areas, the records showed a marked underreporting of hypertension and diabetes mellitus as secondary conditions in the hospital admissions; elevated blood pressures were about equally common in each state but were treated more vigorously in Michigan. Secondary diagnoses of respiratory disease and use of anti-infective agents were reported more frequently in North Carolina. In contrast, diabetes mellitus was more prevalent in Michigan admissions. Some reasons for these findings are advanced, particularly as they relate to diagnostic and treatment patterns. Finally, the need for more detailed research is emphasized to create guidelines for better hospital care of cerebrovascular disease.
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PMID:Comparison of hospital admissions for cerebrovascular disease in Michigan and North Carolina. 97 5

The outcome of untreated hypertension was investigated in a population of 17,713 persons in southern Taiwan who were aged 15 or over when they had taken part in a blood pressure survey in 1963. In the 27-year follow-up period, 55.8% of the overall mortality was comprised of those who were found to be hypertensive (as defined by WHO) in 1963, 31.3% by borderline hypertensives, and 22.6% by normotensives. The 27-year mortality rate due to stroke was much higher in hypertensives than in normotensives (11.4% vs 1.8%, respectively). The 5-year survival rates for mild, moderate and severe hypertensives were 89.9%, 82.7% and 72.3%, respectively, and the 20-year rates were 60.2%, 37.2% and 25.2%, respectively. The causes of death were also recorded: among hypertensives, stroke accounted for 23.2% of all deaths of known cause, cancer 20.5%, cardiovascular disease 21.7%, respiratory disease 11.8%, and other causes 22.9%. From the results, it is concluded that obvious differences in mortality and cause of death exist between untreated hypertensives and normotensives.
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PMID:Outcome among untreated hypertensives in the general population in Taiwan. 128 80

Felodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist which may be administered once daily in an extended release (ER) formulation. As monotherapy in older patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, felodipine ER once daily provides effective control of blood pressure (BP). The drug has also been effective, either as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive medications, in comparisons with other antihypertensive agents, and does not adversely affect lipid profiles or, in patients with diabetes mellitus, glycaemic control. Results in patients with angina pectoris and congestive heart failure indicate a potential role for felodipine ER in these indications and data also suggest the drug reduces left ventricular hypertrophy. In addition, felodipine ER appears suitable for use in patients with concomitant respiratory disease, renal or hepatic dysfunction, cerebrovascular or peripheral ischaemic disease, or gout, making it particularly useful in the elderly who often have more than one significant clinical condition. Felodipine ER has generally been well tolerated by older patients in clinical trials, although further confirmation in the long term is desirable. Thus, felodipine ER effectively lowers BP in older patients with essential hypertension with the added convenience of once daily administration. It may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive agents and is a practical advance in the treatment of hypertension in the elderly.
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PMID:Felodipine. A review of the pharmacology and therapeutic use of the extended release formulation in older patients. 139 20

Forty-four patients aged 15 to 50 years with benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) were under observation. There were 40 women and 4 men. 22 women had fallen ill during pregnancy, 4 during menopause, 2 patients due to hypothyrosis, 2 because of a respiratory disease, and 2 after a mild craniocerebral trauma. In 12 patients, the cause of the disease remained ++un-established. The "empty" turkish saddle was visualized in 5 women aged 32, 34, 46, 49 and 50 years. Pneumoencephalography and computer-aided tomography appeared to be of paramount importance in the diagnosis of the "empty" turkish saddle.
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PMID:["Empty" sella turcica in benign intracranial hypertension]. 166 36

The clinical signs of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) lack specificity and do not permit an early diagnosis. Right heart catheterization is still the reference method to confirm the diagnosis of PAH and assess its severity. Numerous non-invasive methods have been used to evaluate PAH. The value of conventional non-invasive methods is limited by a high failure rate (standard echocardiography in patients with chronic respiratory disease), a mediocre sensitivity, notably in detecting moderate PAH (electrocardiography, radiography of the chest, myocardial thalium scintigraphy) or a poor specificity (isotopic angiography). Nowadays, Doppler-echocardiography is the most interesting method since it has a significant success rate and high sensitivity and specificity in detecting PAH. However, this method fails to predict very accuratly the pulmonary arterial pressure in individual patients. The systematic combination of several Doppler ultrasound methods should improve the efficacy of Doppler-echocardiography in evaluating the severity of PAH.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of pulmonary artery hypertensions]. 185 22


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