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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

20 patients (18 m., 2 f., age 64.8 +/- 6.3 years), with chronic pulmonary heart disease (CPHD) secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or arterial hypertension were studied in comparison with a control group of subjects, age and sex matched, with normal respiratory function tests and without heart disease. CPHD patients did not show any difference of left ventricle (LV) systolic function, assessed by echocardiography, in comparison with the control group. However, among CPHD patients, significant correlations were found between lower arterial pH and cardiac output/m2 and between spirometric tests of bronchial obstruction and echocardiographic parameters of LV function. These results confirm that LV function in CPHD is maintained if other pathologic conditions are absent. On the other hand, correlations between echocardiography and spirometry and blood gas analysis strengthen the functional interdependence concept between left and right heart chambers.
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PMID:[Functional evaluation of the left ventricle in chronic pulmonary heart disease]. 158 34

Negative consequences of the impact of alpine factors on the body of man are described. Alpine acute lung edema is one of the dangerous diseases that may develop under alpine conditions. This may affect not only beginners but also aborigines of the mountains, who return to the places they come from after a temporary stay in lowlands. Acute brain edema is regarded as no less severe condition. It may occur in about 1.2% of the people who climb to a height of 4500-5000 m. Primary alpine pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic alpine cor pulmonale are fairly prevalent under alpine conditions.
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PMID:[The effect of altitude factors on the human body]. 158 27

The frequency, clinical characteristics, and outcome of patients admitted with heart failure to a district general hospital in North-West London serving a population of approximately 155,000 was assessed over a six-month period. The number of patients with heart failure was determined by both a prospective ward survey and a retrospective study of all patient records with diagnostic codes for heart failure or pulmonary oedema. During those six months, 2,877 patients were admitted to the medical and geriatric services of whom 140 (4.9%) had heart failure. Only 29 patients in heart failure were under the age of 65 years. In 86 patients the mode of presentation was acute pulmonary oedema. Fifty-two (37%) patients had an arrhythmia at the time of admission of whom 48 had atrial fibrillation. An electrocardiogram, a chest X-ray, and an echocardiogram were performed in 137, 136, and 81 patients respectively. The aetiology of heart failure was considered to be coronary artery disease (41%), valve disease (9%), hypertension (6%), cor pulmonale (4%), a dilated cardiomyopathy (1%), congenital heart disease (1%), thyrotoxicosis (1%), and unknown (36%). During the period of hospital stay 42 patients (30%) died; a further 20 patients (14%) died in a one-year follow-up. In a district general hospital heart failure is a common reason for admission and patients remain in hospital for a considerable time. Arrhythmias are commonly associated with heart failure. The prognosis is poor and the hospital mortality high. The management of heart failure is an important consideration in allocating hospital resources in a district general hospital.
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PMID:Heart failure in a district general hospital. 842 54

An 18-year-old black woman presented with marginally compensated right heart failure, severe pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid incompetence, and right atrial myxoma. Catheterization suggested a substantial reactive component to her P-HTN, especially to nifedipine. Initial management consisted of excision of two right atrial myxomas and tricuspid annuloplasty, and postdischarge management with nifedipine, 30 mg four times daily. Emergency pulmonary thromboendarterectomy was required two weeks later for acute cor pulmonale. It is suggested that concomitant procedures are mandatory in this setting because of the otherwise accelerated adverse pathophysiology of obliterative pulmonary vascular obstructive disease.
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PMID:Long-term severe pulmonary hypertension associated with right atrial myxoma. 162 75

Increased left ventricular mass has been shown to be a significant independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this study was to assess the separate and combined relations of obesity and hypertension with left ventricular mass and geometry. Echocardiographic findings in subjects in the Framingham Heart Study who were free of cardiopulmonary disease and were not taking cardiovascular medications were examined. M-mode studies that were adequate for estimating left ventricular mass were available in 624 men and 1,209 women. Height and weight measured at the time of echocardiography were used to calculate body mass index (in kg/m2), a measure of obesity. Casual sitting blood pressure measurements were obtained to detect rest hypertension. In subgroup analyses of lean normotensive, obese normotensive, lean hypertensive and obese hypertensive subjects, hypertension and obesity each had significant independent associations with left ventricular mass and wall thickness (all p less than 0.001 in men and women). Obesity was also associated with left ventricular internal diameter (p less than 0.001 in men and women). There were no synergistic influences of hypertension and obesity on any echocardiographic left ventricular variables. It is concluded that obesity and hypertension each have distinct associations with left ventricular mass and geometry. These strengths of association are additive but not synergistic.
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PMID:Separate and joint influences of obesity and mild hypertension on left ventricular mass and geometry: the Framingham Heart Study. 172 24

Abnormal pulmonary function that causes pulmonary artery hypertension increases right ventricular work. To compensate, the right ventricle enlarges, and cor pulmonale develops. Right ventricular failure occurs when these adaptive mechanisms cannot compensate for the hemodynamic burden. The various pulmonary diseases that are associated with right ventricular overload and the physiologic responses of the right ventricle to increased afterload are discussed in this article.
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PMID:The right ventricle in pulmonary disease. 173 54

To study past histories of patients who died suddenly, we selected cases from all the summary death certificates in which death occurred within 24 hours from the onset of symptoms spanning 1984 to 1986 in Niigata prefecture with a population of 2.5 million. We then re-examined all information on the death certificates to determine the underlying causes. Sudden deaths due to cardiovascular diseases other than acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident (OCD) accounted for the largest proportion (51.4%). The proportion of death of unknown etiology increased with the decrease in age in both sexes aged 15 to 54 years, accounting for 67.8% in males and 51.1% in females. The number of cases with histories of diseases related to atherosclerosis (e.g. hypertension, old cerebrovascular accident, etc) increased with age in both sexes, accounting for 38.5% in males and 36.4% in females, both aged 75 years old and over. Except diseases related to atherosclerosis, the past histories accounted for 2.5% or greater were as follows: alcoholism (4.1%), psychiatric disorder (PSY, 2.9%) and valvular heart diseases (VD, 2.6%) in 15-54-year-old males; ischemic heart diseases (IHD, 9.4%), arrhythmia without organic heart diseases (ARR, 2.5%) and VD (2.5%) in 55-74-year-old male; IHD (11.4%), bronchial asthma (3.7%), common cold within one month (CC, 3.6%), cor pulmonale or its related diseases (3.0%) and ARR (2.6%) in male of 75 years old and over; PSY (8.7%), IHD (5.8%), VD (5.1%), pregnancy, delivery or related diseases (4.4%), chronic renal failure (3.6%) and CC (2.9%) in 15-54-year-old females; IHD (10.2%), VD (3.2%) and ARR (2.6%) in 55-74-year-old females; and IHD (11.8%) in females of 75 years old and over. When diseases related to atherosclerosis were included, half of the sudden death cases due to OCD had past histories of underlying cause. As descriptions of past histories are often incomplete, there were probably more cases with past histories. The results of this study indicate that investigation of past histories may aid in elucidating and preventing sudden death.
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PMID:[Past histories of sudden death without specific underlying disease]. 184 23

Pulmonary hypertension was diagnosed in 97 elderly patients (age 60-79) using electrokymography of the heart and vessels, ECG and rheography of the lungs. All the patients suffered from chronic cor pulmonale (CCP). Electrokymography proved an effective diagnostic tool in detection of pulmonary hypertension in CCP patients, whereas quantitation of the hypertension was successful at electrokymography with application of L. Burstin nomogram and electrocardiography according to S. A. Dushanin. ECG according to R. Bernar et al. appeared poorly sensitive, especially at early CCP stages. A. M. Novikov's rheopulmonography technique can provide only an approximate value of mean pressure in the pulmonary artery of elderly CCP patients.
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PMID:[Noninvasive diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in aged and elderly patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease]. 185 88

Sleep apnoea (SA) has a prevalence of 1-10% in men. The physiological sleep is disturbed. SA is associated with cardiopulmonary disease (systemic arterial hypertension, cardiac arrhythmics, cor pulmonale) and the quality of the patient's life is reduced. Thirty male patients participated in a study to investigate the influence of an oral dose of theophylline on sleep apnoea. Under theophylline a significant reduction of apnoea events and of the apnoea index was seen.
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PMID:[Therapy of sleep apnea with theophylline (Uniphylline) administration every evening]. 186 10

In 21 patients suffering from severe sleep-apnoea syndrome we measured continuously haemodynamic parameters, blood gases, ECG, EEG, respiratory rate and ultrasonic cardiogram before and under treatment with nasal CPAP-breathing. All patients (male, age 29 to 58 yrs) had normal blood gases, heart-minute-volumes pulmonary artery pressures and left ventricular end-diastolic wedge pressures, when they were awake. During sleep all developed a decrease of pO2 and severe pulmonary artery hypertension with mean pulmonary artery pressures of 64 mmHg. In 10 patients an enlargement of the right ventricular diameter up to 13 mm difference could be seen. Treatment with nasal CPAP-breathing could reduce or even prevent changes in blood gases and in the haemodynamic system. The pulmonary artery pressures normalised in all patients. No right ventricular enlargement could be seen during nasal CPAP-breathing. Treatment with CPAP-breathing could normalise haemodynamic disorders in patients with severe SAS and may perhaps prevent development of cor pulmonale.
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PMID:[Hemodynamic changes with and without CPAP-ventilation in patients with sleep apnea]. 186 12


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