Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with pronounced dyspnoea and cyanosis was found to have severe hypoxaemia with normal spirographic values. His past history included arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction and phlebitis of the lower limb. Airways resistance was normal, but maximal expiratory flow rates at low lung volume (Flow-volume curves) were reduced, suggesting "peripheral" airways obstruction. This was confirmed by the presence of pulmonary hyperinflation and mechanical non-homogeneity accompanied by unevenly distributed ventilation, as shown by alveolar nitrogen gradient. There was marked hyperventilation with hypocapnia. Since transfer values (measured by the CO single-breath method) and lung distensibility values were normal, emphysema could be ruled out as a cause of obstruction. Analysis of pressure-flow relationship confirmed that the obstruction of peripheral airways was "intrinsic" in character. It could be due to an increase in lung extravascular fluid (interstitial oedema due to left cardiac failure), or to repeated micro-emboli in the lungs, or to hypocapnia, these three mechanisms possibly being associated.
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PMID:[Peripheral airway obstruction involving cardiovascular factors. A case report (author's transl)]. 677 51

A review of the health effects of cadmium is presented. Overexposure to cadmium produces numerous acute and chronic effects. Cases of acute poisoning resemble metal-fume poisoning. The first and most distinctive indication of chronic effects is renal tubular dysfunction characterized by proteinuria. Other chronic effects include liver damage, emphysema, osteomalacia, neurological impairment, testicular, pancreatic, and adrenal damage, and anemia. Tumorigenic effects have been observed in animals, and excessive prostatic and lung cancer has been observed in worker studies. In vitro and in vivo mutagenic effects have been noted. Cadmium has been shown to cause hypertension in animals; however, it is unclear whether it is capable of causing similar effects in exposed human populations. Normal urinary excretion is less than 2 micrograms/day and correlates with exposure. Normal blood concentration is below 10 ng/gm of whole blood, and although levels are elevated in exposed groups, there is no apparent direct correlation. Hair values correlate well with exposure. Occupational and environmental standards are discussed.
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PMID:A review of the health effects of cadmium. 704 11

The structure of the arteries which supply blood tp the carotid bodies was examined in five cases in which the weights of the cardiac ventricles were normal and in which hypoxaemia due to emphysema or systemic hypertension were absent. The right glomic arteries were studied by light microscopy, and the left by electron microscopy. A sixth case, also free from myocardial hypertrophy, was used solely for an examination of the common carotid artery, the carotid sinus and the internal carotid artery by light and electron microscopy. The glomic arteries resembled the carotid sinus in being highly elastic with a rich supply of non-myelinated nerve fibres and thus had a structure consistent with having a baroreceptor function.
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PMID:Structure of the glomic arteries. 713 Nov 34

In patients with pulmonary emphysema the course of PO2 and of pulmonary and systemic circulation is analysed under exercise up to the performance limit and to PO2 reduction. By alterations of breathing mechanics frequent emphysematous persons and associated with bronchial obstructions under increased intrapulmonary pressure by forced ventilation a group of patients may be found with a quick limitation of performance by hindering the intrathoracic circulation followed by reduction of the systemic blood pressure. A pulmonary arterial hypertension cannot be seen in these cases. The registration of the parameters of breathing mechanics during exercise testing is recommended.
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PMID:[The assessment of cardiorespiratory performance in pulmonary emphysema (author's transl)]. 722 9

Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) is increasingly used in cardiology, cardiac surgery and intensive care. Its complications are rare. We report a case of perforation of the oesophagus after TOE in a 71-year-old woman, scheduled for an elective aortic valve replacement. Her medical history included arterial hypertension but no pre-existing oesophageal disease. A Hewlett Packard ultrasound imaging system was used, with a 5 MHz single plane probe. After local anaesthesia, the transducer probe was inserted into the distal oesophagus, after three attempts, without any apparent incident. A few hours later, the patient complained of acute cervical and dorsal pain. Examination showed severe skin emphysema in of neck, but neither breathing difficulties, nor haemodynamic modifications. The EKG was normal and body temperature at 38.8 degrees C. The opacification of the oesophagus showed a passage of the contrast medium into the mediastinum. Emergency surgical exploration by left cervicotomy showed a perforation of 2 to 3 cm of the posterior wall of oesophagus, treated with terminal oesophagostomy and drainage. The pressure by the TOE probe on the oesophagus may explain this perforation. The outcome was uneventful. Although TOE is a semi-invasive technique with a low risks its benefit/risk ratio should be considered in each patients before using it.
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PMID:[Esophageal perforation after transesophageal echocardiography]. 766 25

The association between deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) and glomerulonephritis has been only sporadically reported on, as opposed to the linkage between A1AT-deficiency and lung emphysema or hepatic cirrhosis. We describe the case of a 30-year-old man with A1AT deficiency who developed hepatic cirrhosis in early childhood, and IgA glomerulonephritis and hypertension in adult life. The IgA nephritis followed an unusual course. After three years of slight elevation of serum creatinine levels, the patient rapidly developed renal failure necessitating acute hemodialysis. The deterioration of the renal function was preceded by eruption of skin lesions, believed to represent a vasculitis. After six months of hemodialysis, the patient successfully received a transplanted kidney from his mother. The literature is reviewed with respect to the association between A1AT-deficiency and renal disease. We discuss possible underlying causes for the rapid deterioration of renal function in this patient.
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PMID:[Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency--not only pulmonary and hepatic involvement]. 770 89

The Cardiovascular Health Study provided the opportunity to determine the association of subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease with pulmonary function in a population sample of elderly adults. Included were 2,955 women and 2,246 men over age 64 years who were recruited for this observational study from four communities and completed extensive examinations that included spirometry, echocardiograms, and blood pressure. Current smokers, past smokers with >20 pack-years of smoking, and persons with a history of asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema were excluded from this analysis, leaving 2,784 (55%) of the cohort. Systolic hypertension or coronary artery disease was associated with 40- to 100-mL decrements in FEV1, and 50- to 150-mL decrements in FVC, while a history of congestive heart failure was associated with 200 to 300 mL lower FEV1 and FVC values (p < 0.0001), after correcting for age, height, and waist size. Higher left ventricular (LV) mass was also significantly associated with a decrease in FEV1 and FVC in multivariate models. This relationship was strongest with the end-diastolic LV posterior wall thickness component of LV mass. In summary, FEV1 and FVC are reduced in elderly persons with hypertension, ischemic heart disease, higher disease, higher LV mass, and congestive heart failure, though the magnitude of these associations is relatively small unless heart failure supervenes. Substantial decrements in percent predicted FEV1 and FVC should not be attributed to the presence of uncomplicated ischemic heart disease or hypertension alone.
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PMID:Reduced vital capacity in elderly persons with hypertension, coronary heart disease, or left ventricular hypertrophy. The Cardiovascular Health Study. 781 13

The study investigated the Taiwanese elderly in two different ethnic groups (Paiwan and Min-Nan) regarding their multifunctional status. The purpose was to make known and compare the subjective and objective health status of these two groups. The results for the objective measurements indicated that an elderly Paiwanese had 2.74 kinds of diseases on average. The most prevalent diseases among the Paiwan elderly were arthritis (rheumatism), circulation troubles in arms or legs, high blood pressure, stomach or intestinal disorders or gall bladder problems, cataract, heart trouble, emphysema (chronic bronchitis), skin disorder (leg ulcers or severe burns), asthma, and digestive system ulcers. Of all disease, five (arthritis, circulation trouble, emphysema, skin disorder, and tuberculosis) were statistically more prevalent among the Paiwan elderly than among the Min-Nan elderly. In terms of health scoring, the two groups were comparable except in the following two aspects: (1) more Paiwan elderly were unable to take medicine by themselves, and (2) the Paiwan elderly had lower cognitive ability ratings. In the subjective arena, the Paiwan elderly had a lower score in self-rating health status. Condensed, the health status of the Paiwan was worse than that of the Min-Nan elderly both in objective and subjective measurements.
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PMID:[A comparison on health status between Paiwan and Min-Nan elderly]. 808 76

Transgenic models provide a means of understanding the molecular mechanisms for the temporal, spatial, and stimulus-responsive regulation of gene expression in vivo and importantly the pathophysiological consequences of the altered expression of a normal or mutated gene. To facilitate the application of transgenic models in lung research, this review describes several practical considerations in generation of transgenic mice. The potential of transgenic models in lung research is also illustrated by depicting the current models in lung research including those for understanding lung gene regulation, tumorigenesis, mutation detection, antioxidant defense, emphysema, fibrosis, and hypertension. The impact of important new development of producing transgenic mice carrying large fragments of DNA contained in yeast artificial chromosomes to achieve proper control of transgene expression and gene targeting technology is also discussed. It is anticipated that transgenic models will provide invaluable information in future lung research.
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PMID:Transgenic models for the study of lung biology and disease. 817 11

The weights of the individual carotid bodies and cardiac ventricles were obtained at necropsy in five series of subjects. The first comprised 10 cases free of cardiopulmonary disease to act as controls. The second consisted of 10 cases of pulmonary emphysema. The third was composed of 8 cases characterized by sustained alveolar hypoxia due to causes other than pulmonary emphysema. The fourth comprised 10 cases of systemic hypertension or severe left ventricular failure. The fifth was made up of 10 cases of diseases of the liver or alimentary canal. The study confirmed that enlargement of the carotid bodies is common in cases of pulmonary emphysema or sustained alveolar hypoxia with right ventricular hypertrophy. It is also common in cases of systemic hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy. It was also revealed that enlargement of the carotid bodies may occur in cirrhosis of the liver. We believe this to be the first report of that association.
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PMID:The carotid bodies enlarge in some cases of cirrhosis of the liver. 820 96


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