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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA) of 83 renal artery lesions in 55 patients was done because of renal failure in eight patients, hypertension in 35, renal failure and hypertension in 11, and polycythemia in one patient. Early results in 38 patients with arteriosclerosis showed five (13%) were worse and 13 (34%) were unchanged. Twenty patients (53%) with arteriosclerosis were initially cured or improved; however, seven of these patients had recurrence in 4 to 48 months. Ultimately, only 13 of 38 patients with arteriosclerosis (34%) were cured or improved (mean follow-up 22 months). Nine patients with fibromuscular dysplasia required 17 dilatations of arteries (three bilateral and five repeat), resulting in eight patients (89%) who were cured or improved. Selection of patients with hypertension by medical failure while receiving three or more hypertension medications or by lateralizing renal vein renin values yielded benefit in 17 of 26 patients (65%). Five of six patients with transplant stenosis of the renal artery and hypertension were cured or improved at mean follow-up of 18 months. Overall technical results of 83 artery dilatations were as follows: good, 58 (69%); fair, 10 (12%); poor or unsatisfactory, 16 (19%); these were judged with a blinded radiologic review. No patient suffered main renal artery thrombosis. There were 16 patients with complications of dilatation (morbidity rate of 29%). Nine patients subsequently had renal artery surgery from the same day to 64 days later with good results in all patients except one.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Results of renal artery balloon angioplasty limit its indications. 297 Nov 21

A multitude of general disorders of the vascular system may also affect the blood circulation of the cochlea and cause symptoms such as fluctuating or permanent hearing loss. Such is the case for arteriosclerosis combined with hypertension or hypotension, collagenosis, and diabetes. Blood disorders, like leukemia, sickle cell anemia, and polycythemia, and infectious diseases involving the blood vessels, such as lues, may also present their primary symptoms in the ear. The otorhinolaryngologist must be able to establish the correct diagnosis and refer patients requiring more general treatment to other specialists. The use of specific vasoactive treatment should be continued to those patients with symptoms of acute or fluctuating hearing loss, vertigo, or tinnitus who exhibit no other signs. Modern techniques for cochlear blood flow measurements have verified that several of the treatment protocols in use, which have a sound theoretical background, do indeed increase cochlear blood flow.
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PMID:Clinical treatment of vascular inner ear diseases. 306 94

Post-transplant polycythemia is not uncommon in adult patients and is usually transient, responding to phlebotomy. Five pediatric patients developed erythrocytosis post-transplantation. Three patients had end-stage renal disease due to cystinosis, one had reflux glomerulopathy and one had focal glomerular sclerosis. The probable causes of the polycythemia were graft arterial stenosis in three patients. In one, polycythemia occurred with nephrosis. Polycythemia with hypertension may indicate the presence of arterial stenosis in children post-transplantation.
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PMID:Polycythemia in pediatric renal transplantation. 329 38

The haematological, biochemical and clinical features of six patients with polycythaemia after renal transplantation were studied. The patients had an absolute increase in red cell mass, but normal plasma and whole blood volumes. Primary proliferative polycythaemia was excluded. Polycythaemia developed within one year of transplantation and persisted for 3-7 years. Chronic rejection, renal artery stenosis, severe hypertension and corticosteroid therapy were probably not the cause of the polycythaemia. There were no occlusive vascular lesions during the observation period and venesections were generally not required. The polycythaemia is probably the result of the cumulative production of erythropoietin by the donor and recipient kidneys.
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PMID:Polycythaemia after renal transplantation. 331 62

Sleep apnoea syndromes are a frequent disease, with an incidence of more than 1% in the adult population, a strong male predominance, and a maximal frequency between 40 and 60 years. Their clinical manifestations are dominated by snoring and daytime sleepiness, at times associated with morning headaches, intellectual deficiency, sexual impotence. Obesity, hypertension and polycythemia are not uncommon. These patients are at risk for accidents due to sleepiness, sudden death due to sleep apnoea-related cardiac arrhythmias, ischemic attacks related to hypertension and polycythemia and right heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension and alveolar hypoventilation. The most frequent form of sleep apnoea syndromes include obstructive and mixed apnoeas. Their mechanism involves both anatomic factors (upper airway narrowing) and functional factors (defective activation of upper airways dilatory muscles) which lead to upper airway occlusion upon inspiration during sleep. Two therapeutic strategies are possible: a surgical one, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, the efficacy of which is inconstant and unpredictable and nasal continuous positive airway pressure, which is constantly efficacious but constraining. Central sleep apnoea syndromes are rare, less clearly defined and more difficult to treat.
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PMID:[Sleep apnea syndromes in adults]. 332 Dec 51

Chronic hypoxia causes more severe pulmonary hypertension in the Hilltop colony of Sprague-Dawley rats than in the Madison colony and also greater polycythemia and vasoconstriction. This study examines the structural features of the pulmonary artery bed, another contributing factor to hypoxic hypertension. After 14 days of hypobaric hypoxia, in Hilltop rats, more of the intraacinar arteries became muscular, and the medial thickness of intraacinar and preacinar arteries was greater. In Hilltop control rats, muscle was found in more intraacinar arteries, but, paradoxically, acute hypoxic vasoconstriction was less. Thus, while in chronic hypoxia increased muscle correlates with pulmonary hypertension, in control rats the reserve seems to be true. The increased muscle in control Hilltop rats could, however, predispose to the greater muscularization seen after chronic hypoxia.
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PMID:Pulmonary artery structural changes in two colonies of rats with different sensitivity to chronic hypoxia. 360 13

Surgically thyroidectomized (TX), sham-operated euthyroid (EU), or thyroidectomized with dietary hormone replacement (RPL), 8-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats were subjected to 4 weeks of either of two altitude treatments: normoxia (N; lab altitude = 1520 m) or hypobaric hypoxia (H; simulated altitude = 3658 m). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was attenuated in all hypoxic and in TX-N rats (p less than 0.05). Thyroidectomy reduced oxygen consumption, rectal temperature, and hormonal indices of thyroid function, as well as attenuating hypoxia-induced polycythemia and right ventricular hypertrophy. Thyroidectomy decreased the sensitivity of aortic rings to KCl and isoproterenol with no differences between EU-N and EU-H or between TX-N and TX-H apparent. Vessel responsiveness in RPL-H was consistent with the hypothyroid status indicated by hormonal measurement, while RPL-N vessel responsiveness was characteristic of euthyroid vessels. Since EU-H rats were euthyroid, with similar vascular responses to EU-N, hypoxia-induced attenuation of SBP does not require hypothyroid-like vascular alterations. Thus, hypoxia and thyroidectomy appear to mitigate systemic hypertension by different mechanisms.
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PMID:The thyroid and hypoxic moderation of systemic hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 360 17

Non-complicated mitral valve prolapse (MVP) may cause transitory ischemic attacks (TIA) of a probable micro-embolic nature, especially in young people. This study presents 119 cases of TIA, 41 occurring in patients under 45 years of age. All of the 119 patients were given a brain CT scan and associated risk factors such as dislipidemia, diabetes, arterial hypertension, polycythemia were corrected. In addition, 115 patients underwent an angiography. The 41 patients under 45 were given an echocardiogram. The 8 patients who were found to have mitral valve prolapse were submitted to a 24-hour continuous monitoring of the ECG (Holter test) and only 4 patients were given an angiography. On the basis of the results obtained the Authors propose: (1) to use CT scan and electrocardiograms to study youthful patients who have had one or more events of TIA, (2) not to give them an angiography if they suffer from MVP, (3) to conduct the Holter test on these patients and, (4) to establish a therapy using blood-platelet anti-aggregants. The use of anti-coagulants is debatable, even in cases with recurring events.
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PMID:Mitral valve prolapse and transitory cerebral ischemia. Report on 8 cases. 383 Dec 69

We describe the clinical syndrome, medical management, etiology, and neurologic outcome of stroke diagnosed by computed tomographic scan in 11 full-term neonates encountered during a two-year period. Neonatal stroke is relatively common and may appear in the setting of diverse cerebrovascular disorders such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, polycythemia, acute severe hypertension, and embolization. Repetitive, persistently unifocal motor seizures heralded localized cerebral injuries in eight infants. The majority of patients did not display any other lateralized clinical neurologic signs. An electroencephalogram revealed a focal or lateralized functional central nervous system abnormality in ten cases. All of the initial computed tomographic scans were focally abnormal. However, cranial ultrasound examinations were insensitive to stroke in nine patients. Medical management included careful cardiorespiratory support, correction of coexisting metabolic or system abnormalities, and aggressive administration of anticonvulsants to promptly eliminate seizures. Limited follow-up suggests that many affected infants may enjoy favorable outcomes.
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PMID:Focal motor seizures heralding stroke in full-term neonates. 400 65

A 43 year old man was referred to the Internal Department for the examination of cardial decompensation, hypertension, polyglobulia and atrophy blanche of the lower legs. Clinical and supersonic examination revealed two tumors in the left kidney (diameter 8 and 3.5 cm) and some small tumors in the right kidney. Laboratory studies disclosed erythropoietin levels up to 170 mU/ml (standard 14-61 mU/ml) and a red blood cell count of up to 8 X 10(6)/ml. After recompensation, a radical left nephrectomy and the removal of three small tumors of the right kidney four weeks later was initiated. Postoperative erythropoietin levels and red blood cell count sank to the normal range leading to the reduction of antihypertensive therapy. The clinical course indicates a strong etiological connection between hypertension as well as polyglobulia with the multiple bilateral oncocytomas. Polycythemia also led to the atrophy blanche which had resulted from disturbances of microcirculation.
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PMID:Cardial decompensation caused by hypertension and polyglobulia associated with multiple renal oncocytomas. 402 30


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