Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human clinical biomicroscopy is an aid to the assessment of the microcirculation in health and disease. It has only limited diagnostic value but in some important conditions gives helpful clues and in a few conditions pathognomonic information. Features which can be evaluated include intravascular red cell aggregation, small blood vessel patterns, diameter of vessels, stasis pools, microaneurysms, petechiae and vasomotion. Red cell aggregation correlates well with sedimentation rate. Some of these factors, or combinations of them, correlate well with arteriosclerosis, diabetes, and hypertension. The apparatus required is relatively simple, and the method is noninvasive.
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PMID:An evaluation of biomicroscopy of the conjunctival vessels. 49 55

A 25-year-old man died after an intravenous injection of 100 mg of methedrine. Postmortem studies showed visceral congestion, lung edema, pericardial petechiae, centrolobular necrosis of the liver, and diffuse subarachnoid blood, intracranial vasculitis and cerebritis in the absence of aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations or chronic hypertension. A review of the English-language literature produced 3 other cases of fatal amphetamine-induced intracranial hemorrhage and seven nonfatal cases. Some were the result of overdose, others of hypersensitivity. Angiographic evidence suggests that such hemorrhages result from the development of fibrinoid necrosis and the formation of microaneurysms in the small intracerebral vessels.
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PMID:Intracranial hemorrhage and amphetamine usage. Review of the effects of amphetamines on the central nervous system. 90 May 66

A seventeen year old boy sustained pelvic, femoral shaft and malleolar fractures in a road traffic accident. Six hours after admission, the patient became comatose (Glasgow coma score = 7); the coma worsened such that, 24 h later, the coma score was 4. Petechiae were present on the conjunctiva and anterior chest wall. Computed tomography revealed diffuse brain swelling. The diagnosis of cerebral fat embolism was made. There were multiple episodes of severe intracranial hypertension. After 23 days of traction, the femoral fracture was internally fixed. The patient returned home after five months of hospital, with just a few memory and writing problems. Ten months after the accident, magnetic resonance imaging showed a small ventricular dilatation due to subcortical atrophy. Residual ischaemic lesions and demyelination could be seen in the right centrum ovale and temporal lobe. The cerebral lesions contrast with the reversibility of the clinical state.
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PMID:[Post-traumatic cerebral fat embolism]. 320 32

Traumatic asphyxia is an uncommon syndrome of craniocervical cyanosis, facial petechiae, and subconjunctival hemorrhages following severe crush injury to the thorax. Ocular manifestations of the syndrome have rarely been reported. A 42-year-old male sustained temporary blindness in association with traumatic asphyxia. Completely normal vision returned within 24 hours of injury. The pathogenesis of this unique finding probably involves transient retinal vein hypertension and reflex vasospasm in the retina.
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PMID:Temporary blindness associated with traumatic asphyxia. 322 44

Autonomic nervous system abnormalities have been implicated in infants dying of or considered at high risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). In a rat model, norepinephrine (0.02 mg/kg) caused systemic hypertension and numerous pulmonary petechiae, the latter a common finding in SIDS. Petechiae were not seen below the diaphragm. The animals were killed by tracheal occlusion 5 min after the intravenous administration of norepinephrine. The number of pulmonary petechiae was greatly reduced by alpha-adrenergic blockade (phentolamine) and dopaminergic blockade (haloperidol) but not by beta-adrenergic blockade (timolol). A significantly greater reduction of peak mean systemic arterial pressure occurred after alpha-adrenergic blockade than with other blocking agents. It is conceivable that hypoxia-induced endogenous catecholamine release contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary petechiae found at necropsy of SIDS victims.
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PMID:Norepinephrine-induced pulmonary petechiae in the rat: an experimental model with potential implications for sudden infant death syndrome. 654 10

Male and female, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with blood pressures ranging from 190-210 mmHg were subjected unilateral or bilateral carotid artery ligation. Representative numbers of animals were killed 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 and 48 hours later. Severe cerebral ischemia caused a significant and protracted increase in the pre-existent high blood pressure, the enzymes CPK, SGOT and LDH triglycerides, free fatty acids, glucose, and corticosterone. Despite these marked pathophysiologic changes, the brains of these animals were free of real damage except for cerebral edema and scattered petechiae. Some of the animals developed massive atrial thrombi and myocardial infarcts. It is suggested that severe cerebral ischemia precipitated the myocardial infarcts through the aegis of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response.
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PMID:Comparative effects of unilateral and bilateral carotid artery ligation in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 735 34

The presence of a ground substance in brain provides a mechanism by which edema localized to one region of the white matter might occur without spreading diffusely into the adjacent tissues. The most common such localization is the sparing of the arcuate white matter when the deeper white matter is markedly edematous. This may be related to the higher concentration of mucopolysaccharides in the former. Petechial hemorrhages in the white matter may be surrounded by a zone free of edema, although the hemorrhagic zone itself is almost certainly edematous. This, and the presence of a central zone within some of the petechiae forming a ring hemorrhage may reflect the influence of the ground substance. Focal lesions of the dorsum of the corpus callosum and similar lesions of the basal surface of the pons, these probably due to traumatization by the contiguous falx or arteries, are characterized by myelin loss and axon preservation, a characteristic of edema; the surrounding tissues are not edematous. Severe hypertension is sometimes associated with the presence of clusters of focal perivenous demyelinating lesions in the white matter, the axons being preserved. These resemble the lesions of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and may be due to edema; they are surrounded by nonedematous white matter. It is suggested that the same concept may apply to the focal demyelinating lesions of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, multifocal leukoencephalopathy, central pontine myelinolysis and of multiple sclerosis, i.e. the "true" demyelinating diseases, just as has already been suggested for diffuse sclerosis.
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PMID:The influence of the ground substance on the extracellular water of normal and edematous human brain: focal edema and the demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis. 735 71

Low dose Aspirin in pregnancy reduces the incidence of intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR) and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) in women at risk for these complications. To investigate if this drug, even in a low dose, could expose the newborn to hemorrhagic complications, we studied ten neonates whose mothers had been taking 50 mg/day of Aspirin from the 12th week of pregnancy until delivery and compared them with eight newborns whose mothers didn't take the drug. No hemorrhagic complications (emathemesis, ecchymoses or petechiae, subconjunctival hemorrhage, cephaloematomas etc.) were observed in the fetuses exposed to Aspirin or in the control group. No hemorrhagic lesions were found by ultrasound brain scan on the fourth day of life. Newborns exposed to Aspirin showed a significantly lower thromboxane concentration on the first day of life (median 73 ng/ml versus 217 ng/ml); however on the fourth day the level of serum thromboxane in the cases exposed reached the values of the unexposed ones (median 146 ng/ml versus 143 ng/ml). In conclusion low dose Aspirin in pregnancy can be considered a safe drug without and adverse effect on the newborn.
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PMID:Low dose aspirin in pregnancy: a clinical and biochemical study of effects on the newborn. 822 15

On June 29, 1995, a 49-year-old man was admitted with acute onset of fever, petechiae on his legs, and mental confusion He had suffered hypertension since 6 months previously and was on nicardipine (60 mg/day), ifenprodil (60 mg/day) and ticlopidine (300 mg/day). He had been on ticlopidine for 4 weeks and on the other drugs for 6 months. Soon after admission he had frequent grand mal seizures and needed mechanical ventilation. A diagnosis of TTP was made. He was treated with plasmapheresis (50 ml/kg per day), aspirin 81 mg/day and dipyridamole 300 mg/day. On the sixth day his mental status returned to normal. He recovered gradually from microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and elevated serum creatinine. We reviewed the literature and discussed the possible mechanism of TTP related to the use of ticlopidine.
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PMID:[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura after administration of ticlopidine]. 896 Jun 74

Scurvy has been known since ancient times, but the discovery of the link between the dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid and scurvy has dramatically reduced its incidence over the past half-century. Sporadic reports of scurvy still occur, primarily in elderly, isolated individuals with alcoholism. The incidence of scurvy in the pediatric population is very uncommon, and it is usually seen in children with severely restricted diets attributable to psychiatric or developmental problems. The condition is characterized by perifollicular petechiae and bruising, gingival inflammation and bleeding, and, in children, bone disease. We describe a case of scurvy in a 9-year-old developmentally delayed girl who had a diet markedly deficient in vitamin C resulting from extremely limited food preferences. She presented with debilitating bone pain, inflammatory gingival disease, perifollicular hyperkeratosis, and purpura. Severe hypertension without another apparent secondary cause was also present, which has been previously undescribed. The signs of scurvy and hypertension resolved after treatment with vitamin C. The diagnosis of scurvy is made on clinical and radiographic grounds, and may be supported by finding reduced levels of vitamin C in serum or buffy-coat leukocytes. The response to vitamin C is dramatic. Clinicians should be aware of this potentially fatal but easily curable condition that is still occasionally encountered among children.
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PMID:An orange a day keeps the doctor away: scurvy in the year 2000. 1153 73


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