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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective M-mode, cross-sectional and Doppler echocardiographic study was performed on 75 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 60 sex- and age-matched control subjects. Compared with the control group, patients with lupus had an increased prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities. These included pericardial effusion and/or thickening (37%), left ventricular hypertrophy (12%), global left ventricular hypokinesis (5%), segmental abnormalities of left ventricular wall motion (4%), right ventricular enlargement (4%), focal verrucous valvar thickening (12%), gross valvar thickening and dysfunction (8%), mitral regurgitation (25%) and aortic regurgitation (8%). Two patients with gross mitral valvar thickening and dysfunction subsequently underwent valvar replacement. Correlation between echocardiographic abnormalities and clinical parameters showed that pericardial effusion was significantly associated with pericardial pain (P less than 0.05) and active disease (P less than 0.001), and left ventricular hypertrophy with systemic hypertension (P less than 0.05). Thus, there was a high prevalence of cardiac abnormalities, especially pericardial and valvar lesions, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Echocardiography is invaluable in identifying these abnormalities and should be used routinely for cardiac evaluation of these patients.
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PMID:Cardiac abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective M-mode, cross-sectional and Doppler echocardiographic study. 235 96

A 60 year old woman with a large anterior wall myocardial infarction developed severe hypotension 12 hr after admission to the coronary care unit. X rays showed an enlarged cardiac shadow and echocardiography signs of pericardial effusion. Swan Ganz catheterization revealed severe venous hypertension and no suggestion of ventricular septal rupture. Emergency surgery, initiated with partial cardiopulmonary bypass, showed a 1 cm tear of the anterior wall of the left ventricle, close to the left anterior descending artery. A successful repair was obtained by suture on teflon pledgets. After a difficult postoperative course, the patient was doing well 8 months after surgery.
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PMID:[Acute cardiac rupture in myocardial infarction. A case report]. 248 58

Polyarteritis nodosa (PN) is a disease characterized by vasculitis of multiple organs, and it is complications of kidney and heart are fatalistic factor. Myocardial infarction and pericarditis are well known as cardiac involvement of PN. The pericardial cysts are uncommon disease and it originated in the mesenchymal tissue during fetal life. There has been no report that pericardial cyst undergoing with PN. The present paper was the first report about case with enlargement of pericardial cyst caused by vasculitis. A 64-years old female was referred for acute renal failure and mediastinal tumor. The diagnosis of PN was confirmed with the renal biopsy showing the typically histological features of necrotizing angitis, renal angiography showing vascular irregularity in the renal arterioles and clinical features such as fever, hypertension and skin lesion. The mediastinal tumor was identified with enlargement of pericardial cyst diagnosed by computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonic cardiography (UCG) revealed pericardial effusion. Enlargement of pericardial cyst, pericardial effusion and acute renal failure were due to vasculitis as a partial manifestation of PN. Under the steroid administration, sequentially recovery of renal function and disappearance of pericardial cyst and pericardial effusion were observed.
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PMID:[A case with polyarteritis nodosa associated with acute renal failure and pericardial cyst]. 257 Apr 63

A very-low-birth-weight infant died from pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade confirmed by the post-mortem findings. The mother suffered from lupus-like syndrome consequent to hydralazine treatment for pregnancy-induced hypertension. The possible relationship between mother-infant pathology and hydralazine administration is discussed.
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PMID:Lupus-like syndrome in a mother and newborn following administration of hydralazine; a case report. 270 4

Minoxidil is a potent antihypertensive which is reserved for severe cases. A 58-year-old man admitted for evaluation of progressive dyspnea and peripheral edema had been taking Minoxidil, Normiten and Lasix for severe hypertension. Echocardiography disclosed a massive pericardial effusion but there were no signs of tamponade. Discontinuation of Minoxidil resulted in complete clearance of the pericardial fluid within 3 months. Awareness of this potentially fatal side-effect of Minoxidil is mandatory.
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PMID:[Massive pericardial effusion following minoxidil]. 279 35

Cardiovascular manifestations develop in the majority of SLE patients at some time during the course of their illness, the most common being acute fibrinous pericarditis and pericardial effusion. Echocardiography has demonstrated an increased incidence of pericardial effusion, even in those who have minimal symptoms. Chronic adhesive pericarditis, pericardial tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis occur rarely. While myocarditis is commonly noted at autopsy, it is often silent clinically. Diagnosis during life can be confirmed only by endomyocardial biopsy. Electrocardiographic changes are often nonspecific. Endocarditis with superimposed nonbacterial verrucous vegetations (Libman-Sacks) is noted in more than 40% of hearts at autopsy, but is rarely diagnosed during life. Valve dysfunctions, such as aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, mitral stenosis, and mitral insufficiency, occasionally manifest during life and rarely may necessitate surgery. Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, first degree AV block, and acquired CHB occur in association with pericarditis, myocarditis, vasculitis, and myocardial fibrosis, respectively. CCHB developing in newborns of mothers with SLE, particularly those who have an antibody to soluble tissue ribonuclear protein RO(SS-A), is increasingly being appreciated by both pediatric cardiologists and rheumatologists. Recently, severe coronary atherosclerosis resulting in angina pectoris and/or myocardial infarction in young adults has been noted, particularly in those who had developed risk factors such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia while receiving prolonged corticosteroid therapy. Rarely, coronary arteritis may produce similar symptoms. Congestive heart failure of either single or multiple etiologies carries an ominous prognosis. It remains a cause of high morbidity and mortality unless recognized early and treated properly. Extracardiac vascular manifestations of SLE include telangiectasia, vasculitis, livedo reticularis, Raynaud's phenomena, and thrombophlebitis, all of which may occur either alone or in different combinations. Evidence is now slowly accumulating that substantiates that immune complex deposition, complement activation and subsequent inflammatory reaction is responsible for the majority of the cardiovascular manifestations of SLE, for example, pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis, coronary arteritis, coronary atherosclerosis, and systemic and pulmonary vasculitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cardiovascular manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: current perspective. 286 Jun 99

Nowadays, acute rupture of the cardiac free wall is, after cardiac failure, the second most frequent cause of hospital deaths consecutive to acute myocardial infarction. This mechanical complication of myocardial infarction is usually beyond surgical treatment in patients with sudden cardiac arrest at the time of rupture. However in about 30% of the cases the rupture may be subacute and amenable to surgical treatment provided the condition is rapidly diagnosed. Diagnostic criteria are clinical (abrupt fall in blood pressure, often preceded by recurrent thoracic pain, associated with venous hypertension in the absence of left ventricular failure), haemodynamic or angiographic but mainly echocardiographic (pericardial effusion with or without intrapericardial mass suggesting a blood clot). Attention should be paid to certain subgroups at risk, notably women under 70 and patients with prolonged or recurrent anginal pain.
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PMID:[Acute and subacute ruptures of the free wall of the heart in acute myocardial infarction]. 295 Apr 67

Two females patients with CREST syndrome associated with cardiac involvement are reported. One of them has pericardial effusion just shown by echocardiography with patterns of cardiomyopathy of ventricular cavities, the latter as primary myocardial involvement, in the absence of pulmonary or systemic hypertension. The second patient has chronic cor pulmonale secondary to pulmonary hypertension verified by electrocardiography and echocardiography. It is emphasized the utility of the echocardiography and the importance of those anomalies that can lead to the patient's death, transforming the CREST towards a syndrome with potentially but late, severe systemic involvement.
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PMID:[Cardiac repercussions in the CREST syndrome]. 296 63

Thirty cases of postpartum cardiomyopathy observed in a savannah-sahelian region of Africa (Niamey, Republic of Niger) are reported. The dilated cardiomyopathy was diagnosed by comparing clinical signs with electrocardiographic, radioscopic and echocardiographic findings. A simplified therapeutic regimen was used in all cases: rest during 2 months, sodium restriction, diuretic and digoxin therapy (1 tablet of each drug every other day). Patients were followed up for a mean period of 13 months. The course of the disease was evaluated at regular intervals by echocardiography which provided accurate information on left ventricular function. At the time of diagnosis all patients had congestive heart failure. Complete remission was defined as the absence of all signs and a normal social life. Twelve patients answered this definition with a mean follow-up of 13 months. Nine patients (mean follow-up 24 months) were in incomplete remission; a large left ventricular aneurysm had developed in 2 of them. In 6 other patients the follow-up was too short (1 to 8 months) for a prognosis to be formulated. In postpartum cardiomyopathy 3 factors are indicative of a poor prognosis: 1) absence of free interval between delivery and first signs of heart failure; 2) history of cardiomyopathy after previous deliveries; 3) poor response to treatment with persistent cardiomegaly. On the other hand, the severity of the initial cardiomegaly and impairment of ventricular contractility, and the presence of permanent hypertension or pericardial effusion have no significant influence on the response to treatment. Irreversible contraception is justified in great multiparous women. In primiparous and oligoparous women a temporary contraception is necessary, a new pregnancy being conceivable only after complete remission and under close supervision.
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PMID:[Postpartum myocardiopathy. Clinical and echographic evaluations of the response to treatment. 30 cases observed in the Sudan-sahelian area]. 296 53

Pulmonary edema is a rare but potentially lethal complication following the drainage of a pericardial effusion. Certain risk factors have been cited, including markedly increased RA pressure, chronic hypertension, congestive heart failure, angina and valvular disease. Patients with these concurrent problems should be monitored closely using pulmonary artery thermodilution catheters. Aggressive treatment, including diuretics, vasodilators, cardiotonic agents and early intubation with PEEP should be undertaken if the PCWP and PA pressures paradoxically increase after pericardial drainage.
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PMID:Pulmonary edema as a complication of pericardial drainage. 360 44


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