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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Traffice Noise and Hypertension. First communication: the question whether traffic noise could be a risk factor of essential hypertension was studied by means of interviews. In Bonn 931 inhabitants between 20 and 59 years of age, who lived either in streets with high (minimum: 9062 cars/day) or low (maximum: 1182 cars/day) traffic volumes were interviewed. While no differences were found in the frequencies of treatment of diabetes mellitus, gout, asthma and peptic ulcer, there was a difference in response to treatment of hypertension (p = 0.002); in the noisy area 22.8% and in the quiet area 14.6% of respondents stated that they were treated. Also in both male and females aged 29-39 years, there was a connection between hypertensive treatment and the duration of stay in the noisy area (p less than 0.05).
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PMID:[Traffic noise and the risk of hypertension. 1]. 677 26

Patients with benign gastric ulcer were treated for four weeks with carbenoxolone sodium as Biogastrone tablets 100 mg three times a day, and if the ulcers were not healed at 4 weeks treatment was continued for a further 4 weeks. Fifty two patients entered the trial, and 12 were withdrawn. In 17 patients who were randomly allotted double-blind additional dummy tablets 16 of their ulcer healed completely endoscopically, whereas of the 23 patients given additional amiloride 5 mg three times a day only 14 ulcers healed, a significant reduction in ulcer healing. The clinical (weight gain and oedema) and metabolic (hypertension, hypokalaemia and hypernatraemia) side-effects were reduced by the active amiloride therapy, but serum carbenoxolone levels were not affected. Thus the potassium-retaining diuretic amiloride, like the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone, markedly reduces both the ulcer-healing and the metabolic side-effects of carbenoxolone sodium, and should not be used together with it in the treatment of peptic ulcer.
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PMID:The influence of amiloride on the therapeutic and metabolic effects of carbenoxolone in patients with gastric ulcer. A double-blind controlled trial. 701 May 28

The prostaglandins are potent vasoactive fatty acids that are ubiquitously distributed throughout the body. It is now well established that the prostaglandins participate in a variety of pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, burns, renal aspects of hypertension, peptic ulcer disease, diarrhea, skin conditions, vasomotor dysfunctions, platelet abnormalities, dysmenorrhea, fever, and shock. We have previously shown that the prostaglandins appeared to be elevated and were related to the circulatory dysfunction in canine and baboon endotoxin shock. In addition, our studies demonstrated that indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, not only inhibited the prostaglandin release and improved the hemodynamic derangements, but also significantly improved the survival. Indomethacin clearly improved the survival in baboon endotoxin shock even when administered after shock had occurred. Since the previous studies were in endotoxin models, the next logical step was to determine the effects of indomethacin in a clinically-relevant rat sepsis model. Two hundred sixty-six male rats (250-500 g) were randomly allocated to saline treated controls or to indomethacin treatment. A pure suspension of live E. Coli organisms (225 X 10(10)/rat) were injected i.p. to each rat. Treatment was introduced at three hours when all blood cultures were positive. Groups were divided into gentamicin (4 mg/kg/rat) alone, gentamicin and indomethacin (3 mg/kg), or indomethacin alone in addition to the saline treated controls. Results showed that indomethacin in combination with gentamicin significantly (p = 0.05) improved the survival at 24 (90%) and 48 hours (90%), when compared with saline treated controls (65%, 45%) and with gentamicin (40%, 40%). Indomethacin alone significantly (p = 0.01) improved the survival. Conclusions are that (i) therapeutic doses of indomethacin or gentamycin clearly improved the survival in a clinically relevant rat sepsis model; (ii) the exact mechanism of protection with indomethacin is unknown; and (iii) indomethacin should be considered for use in human clinical sepsis.
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PMID:The role of prostaglandins in sepsis. 704 14

As health is concerned with all aspects of human life, in a developing country like India plans for improvement of health services to ensure maintenance of health of the population should be an integral part of the total and overall development program. Modern public health measures are facing a difficult situation because of population growth. In regard to population structure, 2 age groups have been a concern of the health services, namely those 0-15 years and those 65 and older. The child's group constituted 42-44% of the total population, now reduced to 38.2% in 1982 and is a heavy dependent group particularly if another contingent of 20.4% in the 15-24 age group and requiring education is added. With an increasing life expectancy, there is now more than a 6% accumulation of aged persons in need of support. The Indian Council of Medical Research has established a National Institute of Nutrition and a Food and Drug Technology Center at Hyderabad, both of which have been doing useful work on nutrition and food technology. Both the history of public health during the last 100 years and all recent studies and observations amply demonstrate the dominant role played by the environment in the development of physical health and well-being of individuals and the community. The majority of iillnesses in a rural setting arise from 3 situations--pollution of water, soil, and air. A serious consequence of uncontrolled use of insecticides has been the health problems arising out of their toxic effects on persons handling them and on the people consuming contaminated foodstuff. Another effect on the health services is the increasing conversion of the vector insects to resistant form. In the field of communicable diseases the problems are vast and varied in India. For tackling all diseases a need exists for training courses to produce field epidemiologists. Among the noncommunicable diseases there is a definite rising trend in cancer, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, mental disorders, peptic ulcer, allergic disorders, rheumatic conditions, lung cancer, and leukemia. Another cause of morbidity and mortality which are assuming serious proportions is accident and deaths due to violence. India has undertaken to expand maternal and child health services and to establish new services where none exist. Every state has established a Family Planning Training Institute and created clinics throughout. Knowledge about the mental health conditions in India is generally poor as few surveys have been carried out to collect the information. Following the 2nd 5-year plan, industries are being rapidly developed in the country both in public and private sectors. Most of the problems can be solved to a great extent by mobilizing all medical and health personnel and services into 1 integrated service, but it is not considered feasible at this time. A concerted effort to rethink and reorganize present health services is required.
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PMID:Present health status and some suggestions for the future action. 718 59

Subungueal splinter hemorrhage (S.U.S.H.) has been reported in various conditions and may herald a serious systemic disease. It has been related to miscellaneous conditions such as: subacute bacterial endocarditis, severe rheumatoid arthritis, uninfected mitral stenosis, trichinosis, peptic ulcer, hypertension, neoplasm, trauma, and in some cases, is considered idiopathic. Some dermatologic conditions such as psoriasis, dermatitis, and fungal infections may also produce S.U.S.H. It consists of "a homogeneous mass of blood in a layer of squamous cells, adherent to the under surface of the nail, considered to be of embolic origin." In a brief review of pertinent medical literature on thromboangiitis obliterans, we were unable to find a description of its occurrence in this disease. The earliest lesions described in this condition are "painful vesicles on the pulp of digits with intense hyperemia and hypersensitivity of the surrounding skin." It is our opinion that S.U.S.H. is an earlier and quite useful sign of arterial involvement as seen in the following cases observed in our vascular disease section.
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PMID:Subungueal-splinter hemorrhage an early sign of thromboangiitis obliterans. 723 12

A series of 38 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism seen at a single hospital within a four a half year period is reported. The importance of hypercalcemia in the diagnosis of this syndrome and its screening in cases of arterial hypertension, gout, osteoporosis, and families with type I multiple endocrine neoplasia are underlined. The patients in the present series had a florid clinical history with a mean duration of 14 years. Main symptoms were urolithiasis (52%), arterial hypertension (28.9%), bone involvement and pain (23.7%), and peptic ulcer (18.4%). There were a high proportion of patients with hyperuricemia (26.3%), some with classical symptoms of gout. One patient presented simultaneous pituitary and pancreatic involvement. Surgical therapy was undertaken in 25 patients, of whom 24 (96%) were cured, one of them after reoperation. There were no cases of relapse, hypoparathyroidism, or postoperative death. Surgery is the only rational and definitive form of treatment of hyperparathyroidism; both experienced surgeons and pathologists are necessary to deal with the anatomic and histologic subtleties of this interesting endocrine disorder.
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PMID:[Comments on a series of 38 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)]. 724 69

We used data from the 1983 Italian National Health Survey, based on 58,462 adults ages 25 years and over who are representative of the general Italian population, to compare the prevalence of 16 major chronic diseases or groups of diseases in alcohol abstainers (ex- and never-drinkers combined) and current drinkers. We found elevated odds ratios among alcohol abstainers for diabetes, hypertension, myocardial infarction, other heart diseases, anemias, gastroduodenal ulcer, cholelithiasis, liver cirrhosis, urolithiasis, and renal insufficiency.
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PMID:Prevalence of chronic diseases in alcohol abstainers. 754 57

Obstetrician-gynecologists reviewed patient records of women delivering during January 1986-December 1992 to determine the maternal mortality rate and trends and the causes of maternal deaths in the maternity ward at the National University of Singapore. There were 26,173 deliveries and 9 maternal deaths (a maternal mortality rate of 22.9/100,000). The causes of maternal deaths were pulmonary embolism (underlying condition, systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]), hemorrhage from multiple sites (thrombotic thrombocytopenia), acute exacerbation of SLE with interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis (systemic sclerosis), fulminant hepatitis (prior hepatitis and liver disease), and cerebral embolism (rheumatic heart disease with mitral valve replacement). There were also three incidental maternal deaths bringing the maternal mortality rate up to 34.4/1000. The incidental causes of death included septicemia from perforated peptic ulcer (uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis), multiple metastases from lung cancer, and suicide (family dispute over adoption of newborn). A cesarean section preceded 4 (44%) of the 9 maternal deaths. Two of these deaths were incidental maternal deaths. Cesarean section was related to two of the remaining six (33%) deaths. These findings show that traditional direct causes of maternal death (hemorrhage, sepsis, embolism, or hypertension) were not responsible for the maternal deaths at this tertiary facility. Instead, the women tended to have medical conditions that placed them at high risk of death regardless of pregnancy status.
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PMID:Maternal mortality: evolving trends. 781 Nov 98

Of 460 patients with peptic ulcer disease seen over a 30-month period, there were 174 elderly patients (defined as > or = 60 years old), constituting 38%. In this group of elderly, gastric ulcers (GU) were observed more frequently than duodenal ulcers (DU) with a ratio of 1.6:1 and the male to female ratio was 1.7:1. In patients < 60 years old, there were more DU than GU with a ratio of 2.7:1, and a higher male to female ratio of 3.7:1. Seventy-two per cent of the elderly had at least one other medical condition with 20% having three or more medical problems. Hypertension and ischaemic heart disease were the most frequently encountered illnesses. Half the elderly presented with upper abdominal pain and one-third had an atypical presentation. Analgesic ingestion in the preceding 4 weeks was present in 29% of the elderly. In the elderly, bleeding was the most frequent complication occurring in 50%; perforation occurred in 2%. In those with bleeding ulcers, 44% had history of analgesic usage. The mortality of bleeding peptic ulcer in the elderly, was 11% and this was largely due to concurrent medical conditions. Only two deaths occurred due to bleeding ulcer.
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PMID:Peptic ulcer disease in the elderly in Singapore. 805 28

In 17 out of 29 hospitalized patients (58.6%) with internal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) thrombosis a systemic streptokinase infusion was used as an alternative to urgent surgical declotting. In the remaining 12 patients (41.4%) fibrinolytic treatment was contraindicated due to the necessity for immediate dialysis, uncontrolled hypertension, active peptic ulcer, known multilevel stenoses of the fistula, or operation 8 days prior to the thrombosis. The systemic streptokinase therapy alone was successful in 9 of 17 patients treated (52.9%), 5 of 17 patients (29.4%) needed the combined therapy (streptokinase plus surgery) and in 3 of 17 patients (17.6%) the fibrinolytic therapy was unsuccessful. No serious complications attributable to the streptokinase infusion were observed. Systemic streptokinase treatment for acute AVF declotting followed by the radiological evaluation of the vessels can be a reasonable alternative to 'blind' surgical emergency reconstruction. The method makes it possible to identify those underlying anatomic abnormalities of the draining vein which may be localized at some distance from the anastomosis and so overlooked during surgery.
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PMID:Systemic streptokinase infusion for declotting of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas. 810 56


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