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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Are the ocular hypertension and glaucoma two different clinical entities? Recent researches show that ocular hypertension can have an evolution period, of about five years, without clinical manifestations of glaucoma. In ocular hypertension, the atrophy of the retinal nerve precedes with many years the appearance of the perimetric deficits. Retinographies in non-erythro light show a destruction, up to 40%, of the nerve fibres of the retina without evident perimetric modifications. The conclusion is reached that intraocular hypertension is only an incipient stage of a glaucoma not yet detected by the clinical means available.
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PMID:[Ocular hypertension and glaucoma: 2 clinical entities?]. 252

Extracapsular extraction of cataract followed by I.O.L., implantation in P.C. was performed in 10 patients affected by Primary Ocular Hypertension and cataract. The aim of this study was to evaluate if implantation could support a modification of I.O.P. and an evolution from hypertension to glaucoma. The postsurgical stability of I.O.P., the absence of alterations in visual field and optic disc during the 6 months after surgery demonstrate that ocular hypertension is not contraindicative to I.O.L. implantation in P.C.
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PMID:Extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber implantation in primary ocular hypertension: preliminary report. 274 56

A new compression test with an especially constructed mechanic oculopressor allows to make both functional and tonometric measurements during the test. The method was used in 48 eyes of healthy persons and 196 eyes with advanced, initial glaucoma, preglaucoma and ocular hypertension. The results obtained have shown that the test is effective for detection of preglaucoma and ocular hypertension as well as for differential diagnosis of initial glaucoma and ophthalmic hypertension by the analysis of changes of the blind spot area, the time of restoration of its sizes to the initial state and dynamics of annular compression coefficients at the time of the test.
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PMID:[The importance of a new compression test in the diagnosis of preglaucoma and initial glaucoma]. 275 65

Forty-three patients with glaucoma and 24 patients with ocular hypertension presenting with a retinal vein occlusion were medically assessed. The prevalence of systemic hypertension was 60.5% in those with glaucoma and 66.6% with ocular hypertension. The prevalence of hyperlipidaemia was 38.1% in those with glaucoma and 37.5% in those with ocular hypertension. These findings were compared with those from a carefully age-sex matched group of patients presenting with a retinal vein occlusion without evidence of glaucoma or ocular hypertension. There were no statistical differences between any of the groups (52.2% had systemic hypertension and 28.8% had hyperlipidaemia). There was also a strikingly high prevalence of systemic hypertension (89%) and hyperlipidaemia (55.5%) in nine of the patients who had evidence of a recurrent retinal vein occlusion associated with glaucoma, and these prevalence rates were strikingly similar to the rates in patients with recurrence but without glaucoma. The data suggest that glaucoma or ocular hypertension has a less prominent aetiological role in the development of a retinal vein occlusion than underlying medical causes and that full medical assessment is worthwhile.
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PMID:Medical conditions underlying retinal vein occlusion in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. 280 20

By means of a series of cardiovascular autonomic function tests, systemic parasympathetic neuropathy was demonstrated in 41.8% of 189 patients with ocular hypertension and in 2.6% of 76 controls. Parasympathetic neuropathy was significantly more common in patients with narrow-angle hypertension than in those with wide-angle hypertension. Raised intraocular pressure may be a manifestation of systemic disease rather than an exclusively ocular phenomenon.
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PMID:Autonomic neuropathy in ocular hypertension. 286 74

Values of plasma free cortisol (not bound to plasma proteins), total plasma cortisol, and percent free cortisol were determined in normal, ocular hypertensive, and open angle glaucomatous subjects. Median total plasma, plasma free, and percent free cortisol levels were higher in ocular hypertensive and glaucomatous individuals. The most significant differences occurred with percent free cortisol values between normal and glaucomatous subjects. There was a significant positive correlation between percent free cortisol and total cortisol levels in normal subjects only. For subjects with glaucoma and hypertension, the percent free cortisol values were independent of the total cortisol values. Multilinear regression analysis also indicated that besides diagnosis and level of total plasma cortisol, male sex, blood sampling late in the day, and increased diastolic blood pressure were the only variables significantly related to increased values of plasma free cortisol and percent free cortisol. Ocular medication for glaucoma and use of beta-blockers were not found to be significant independent variables in the regression models for either plasma free cortisol or percent free cortisol. These observations further suggest that a disorder of the pituitary adrenal axis and/or a binding of plasma cortisol is associated with ocular hypertension and open angle glaucoma.
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PMID:Increased plasma free cortisol in ocular hypertension and open angle glaucoma. 288 54

Levobunolol is a potent non-selective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent used for the topical treatment of increased intraocular pressure in patients with chronic open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. In comparative studies of up to 2 years' duration levobunolol 0.5 to 1% reduced intraocular pressures by about 30% and adequately controlled intraocular hypertension in 50 to 85% of those treated. These results were significantly superior to those produced by placebo and comparable to the responses achieved with ocular timolol in double-blind controlled trials. Levobunolol has been well tolerated, producing only minor changes in objective and subjective ophthalmic and systemic parameters. Adverse reactions resulted in approximately 5% of patients withdrawing from treatment with levobunolol which was equivalent to that observed with timolol. Thus, ocular levobunolol is a well-tolerated and effective therapy for the management of raised intraocular pressure, and is a suitable alternative to ocular timolol in patients with chronic open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
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PMID:Ocular levobunolol. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy. 289 62

In a retrospective study we reviewed the records of 788 subjects who had been corticosteroid tested with 0.1% dexamethasone four times daily to one eye for six weeks. All subjects had normal kinetic visual fields and optic nerve heads in both eyes at the time of testing and were followed up for a minimum of five years. Some subjects had normal baseline intraocular pressures whereas others were considered to have ocular hypertension. Of 276 individuals who were high corticosteroid responders (intraocular pressure greater than 31 mm Hg during dexamethasone administration), 36 (13.0%) developed glaucomatous visual field loss during the follow-up period. Only nine of 261 individuals (3.4%) who were intermediate responders (intraocular pressure 20 to 31 mm Hg during dexamethasone administration) and none of 251 individuals who were low responders (intraocular pressure less than 20 mm Hg during dexamethasone administration) developed glaucomatous visual field loss. However, the ability of the intraocular pressure response to dexamethasone to predict the development of glaucomatous visual field loss was not as good as the predictive power of a multivariate model that included patient age, race, baseline intraocular pressure, baseline outflow facility, baseline cup/disk ratio, and systemic hypertension.
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PMID:Intraocular pressure response to topical dexamethasone as a predictor for the development of primary open-angle glaucoma. 318 77

Blood viscosity and its determinants were measured in 27 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, 15 patients with ocular hypertension and 18 healthy control subjects matched for sex, blood pressure and smoking habits. The mean blood viscosity value was significantly higher in the glaucoma group than in the two other groups at all three shear rates studied; there was no difference in viscosity between the hypertension group and the control group. The mean hematocrit value was significantly lower in the hypertension group than in the two other groups. The results suggest that blood viscosity may contribute to nerve damage in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. The low hematocrit observed in the patients with ocular hypertension may, by contributing to low viscosity, in some measure protect this group from optic nerve damage.
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PMID:Blood viscosity in ocular hypertension. 322 77

In a series of 519 patients with pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule (PXF), more than half (286) presented with glaucoma, most either bilateral (61) or unilateral (157) chronic open-angle glaucoma and some acute glaucomas (65). In unilateral PXF glaucoma, the presence of PXF in the fellow eye was a serious risk factor--a raised intraocular pressure (IOP) developed in almost three quarters of these eyes and glaucoma in nearly one quarter. Because glaucoma developed in one quarter of eyes with ocular hypertension on presentation, careful treatment of this hypertension is indicated. If the IOP was not raised on presentation, it developed in only one of eight eyes, and glaucoma developed in one third of these; therefore, regular follow-up only is necessary. Acute glaucoma was usually open-angle PXF glaucoma. The response to medical treatment though good initially, usually fialed on follow-up. Although laser trabeculoplasty was often effective, usually with medical treatment, surgery was often necessary and usually successful though often with adjuvant medical treatment.
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PMID:The presentation and prognosis of glaucoma in pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule. 326 48


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