Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To assess the previously reported association of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) with neutropenia, we prospectively followed during a 38-month study period infants with birth weight less than or equal to 1500 gm who survived greater than 72 hours and underwent serial cranial sonography and neutrophil counts for the first 14 days of life. Neutrophil counts were interpreted according to a widely employed reference range. Infants with conditions other than IVH reported to be associated with neutropenia (sepsis, maternal hypertension, 5-minute Apgar score less than or equal to 5) were excluded. Final study groups included 38 infants with IVH and 114 without IVH. No significant differences were found for birth weight, gestational age, respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation, prolonged rupture of membranes, patent ductus arteriosus, route of delivery, pneumothorax, or sex. The occurrence of neutropenia before 14 days of age was not significantly different between the groups (50% with IVH, 56% without IVH), nor were differences found at individual postnatal ages. Comparison of immature neutrophil count and immature/total neutrophil ratio also revealed no differences. The high incidence of neutropenia in our non-IVH group raises questions about application of these widely accepted reference ranges to very low birth weight infants.
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PMID:Neutropenia and intraventricular hemorrhage among very low birth weight (less than 1500 grams) premature infants. 265 58

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are being increasingly prescribed for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Not only are they efficacious but the incidence of serious adverse events with ACE inhibitors is similar to that with placebo. 'First-dose hypotension' mainly affects the renin-dependent patient. Neutropenia and agranulocytosis have been reported rarely for the nonsulfhydryl compounds. Comparative safety data are provided for captopril, enalapril, and quinapril, a new nonsulfhydryl ACE inhibitor that has been investigated extensively in over 2,000 patients. Results show that the proportion of patients reporting associated adverse events was lower with quinapril (11%) than with captopril (17%) or enalapril (15%). Similarly, there was a lower proportion of patients withdrawn due to adverse events with quinapril.
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PMID:The safety of ACE inhibitors for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. 267 Feb 22

Twenty-six episodes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia treated with intravenous ceftazidime, 4-6 g/day were evaluated. Treatment was begun within the first 24 hours after the isolation of the microorganism and was maintained for 10-12 days. In two patients with neutropenia amikacin was added during the initial 48-72 hours until the susceptibility to ceftazidime was known. All isolates were sensitive to ceftazidime. The most common underlying diseases were neoplasia (12), diabetes with stroke (4), neurosurgical and vascular procedures (4), rheumatoid arthritis (2), burns (2), cor pulmonale (1), and hypertension (1). The origins of bacteremia were urinary (12), pulmonary (9), and unknown (5). The infection was hospital-acquired in 77% and community-acquired in 23%. A critical clinical status and the presence of complications were significantly (p less than 0.01) associated with an increased mortality rate. Clinical outcome was good in 18/26 (70%), with a 30% mortality rate. The microbiological evolution showed 14 eradications, 6 persistences, 3 relapses and 3 colonizations. Resistance did not develop during therapy. Ceftazidime may be a good alternative therapy for these severe infections, although wider comparative studies are required for a better evaluation.
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PMID:[Evaluation of ceftazidime monotherapy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremias. Prospective study]. 268 60

A comparison of the clinical features, predisposing factors, side effects by antitubercular drugs and diagnostic procedures in pulmonary tuberculosis in 37 younger and 35 elderly men was carried out. Elderly patients had a higher number of underlying diseases including cardiovascular diseases and hypertension than younger patients. The classic symptoms and signs of tuberculosis, such as productive cough, fever and general fatigue, were observed in relatively high proportions of both patients, whereas weight loss (43% vs. 16%) and crackles in the lung fields (49% vs. 16%) were significantly higher in the elderly patients than the younger ones. As for roentgenographic abnormalities, a higher involvement of middle and lower lung fields was seen in the elderly patients than in the younger. Although leukocytosis was noted in a significantly lower proportion of the elderly patients, neutropenia due to drug treatment was significantly higher (23%) than in younger patients (5%). In a mass survey, the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in elderly men was significantly lower (23%) than that in younger men (54%). Although improved living conditions, better sanitation and the development of new chemotherapeutic agents have contributed to the decline of pulmonary tuberculosis in general populations, better procedures for early detection or diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly people should be achieved as soon as possible.
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PMID:Clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis in young and elderly men. 273 43

Neutropenia occurs often among the newborns of women with hypertension, but its cause, mechanism, and clinical consequences have not been adequately studied. Of 72 infants whose mothers had hypertension during pregnancy, 35 (49 percent) had neutropenia, which persisted from 1 hour to 30 days. The disorder was more prevalent among newborns whose growth had been retarded in utero (P less than 0.01), those who had been delivered prematurely (P less than 0.001), and those whose mothers had had severe hypertension (P less than 0.002) or hypertension and the HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) (P less than 0.01). Kinetic investigations of circulating, marginated, storage, and proliferative neutrophils and their progenitors suggested that the neutropenia was the result of diminished neutrophil production. Noscomial infections occurred during the first 2 1/2 weeks of life in eight (23 percent) of the newborns with neutropenia, but in only one (3 percent) of those without this disorder (P less than 0.01). We conclude that the neonatal neutropenia associated with maternal hypertension is due to transiently reduced neutrophil production and is associated with an increased risk of noscomial infection. Its basic cause remains unknown.
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PMID:Incidence, neutrophil kinetics, and natural history of neonatal neutropenia associated with maternal hypertension. 276 3

A comparison of the clinical features, predisposing factors, drug-induced adverse effects and diagnostic approach in pulmonary tuberculosis in 37 younger and 35 elderly men was carried out. Elderly patients had a higher number of underlying diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and hypertension, than younger patients. The classic symptoms and signs of tuberculosis, such as productive cough, fever and general fatigue, were observed in relatively high proportions of both patients, whereas weight loss (43 vs. 16%) and crackles in the lung fields (49 vs. 16%) were significantly higher in the elderly patients than the younger ones. As for roentgenographic abnormalities, a higher involvement of middle and lower lung fields was seen in the elderly patients than in the younger. Although leukocytosis was noted in a significantly lower proportion of the elderly patients, neutropenia due to drug treatment was significantly higher (23%) than in younger patients (5%). In a mass survey, the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in elderly men was significantly lower (23%) than that in younger men (54%), suggesting that an extensive mass survey for pulmonary tuberculosis in elderly men should be done.
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PMID:Comparison of younger and elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. 278 9

Antoantibodies to cholesterol were detected and purified from normal (nonimmunized) pig serum. The antibodies were assayed by ELISA with crystalline cholesterol as an Ag and by C-dependent damage to cholesterol-laden liposomes. Intravenous injection of liposomes containing cholesterol into anesthetized animals caused decreased hemolytic complement titers, and induced a reaction consisting of transient neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, respiratory distress, cyanosis, pulmonary and systemic hypertension, and decreased cardiac output. Plasma levels of thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha increased 1300 and 200%, respectively, and leukocyte and platelet counts decreased by 36 and 38%, respectively. Injection of cholesterol-free liposomes did not induce the reaction. These results show that naturally occurring autoantibodies to cholesterol can initiate C activation and can be associated with anaphylactoid reaction to exogenously administered cholesterol in pigs.
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PMID:Anaphylactoid reactions mediated by autoantibodies to cholesterol in miniature pigs. 280 13

Adverse effects of converting enzyme inhibitors are either substance-specific (neutropenia, proteinuria, skin rashes, taste disturbances) or due to the converting enzyme inhibition (hypotension, functional renal insufficiency, hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema). They are rare nowadays because of better knowledge of the pharmacokinetics and -dynamics of the converting enzyme inhibitors, resulting in lower dosage, and because of identifying patients at high risk. The dosage must be adjusted according to renal function, in order to prevent accumulation and toxicity. In addition to patients with renal insufficiency, patients at high risk are those with a stimulated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, i.e. patients with renovascular hypertension or heart failure. Patients with collagen vascular disease, for example, systemic lupus erythematosus or scleroderma, should not be considered for long-term therapy with converting enzyme inhibitors because of the increased risk of neutropenia. Life-threatening angioedema may develop, mainly during the first few hours after drug administration.
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PMID:[Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition: side effects and risks]. 285 Jun 87

Intracranial hypertension with papilledema occurred in two patients receiving danazol therapy for either cyclic neutropenia or immune hemolytic anemia. Results of clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiologic studies showed no apparent cause for the condition in Case 1 and the papilledema resolved one month after discontinuing danazol. Carotid angiography in Case 2 demonstrated cerebral venous sinus thrombosis; the papilledema showed gradual improvement after cessation of danazol. An additional seven cases of pseudotumor cerebri presumed secondary to danazol therapy have been reported to the Food and Drug Administration. The papilledema resolved in all seven cases soon after discontinuing danazol. A drug-induced complication should be suspected, and alternative therapy sought, in patients who develop intracranial hypertension associated with administration of danazol.
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PMID:Pseudotumor cerebri induced by danazol. 291 2

Many of the adverse reactions produced by penicillamine and other compounds with an active sulfhydryl group form a distinctive pattern when viewed as a class. Alterations in taste perception, mucocutaneous lesions, proteinuria due to immune-complex membranous glomerulopathy, and pemphigus are adverse reactions that have been encountered with all of the compounds discussed herein. Hematologic reactions such as neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occur rarely and with variable frequency. The angiotension converting enzyme inhibitor captopril has an active sulfhydryl group. When it was first given in high doses to patients with severe hypertension, adverse effects similar in pattern to those just outlined were reported. With reduced doses and more careful patient selection, the more serious reactions are no longer found, but disturbances of taste perception, rash, and oral mucosal ulcers are still encountered.
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PMID:Adverse effects profile of sulfhydryl compounds in man. 293 93


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