Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 5-year-old boy presented with headache and hypertension. Screening abdominal ultrasonography showed a 6-cm-sized mass in the left adrenal gland. Laboratory data included urine vanillylmandelic acid/creatinine (208.3 microg/mg), urine homovanillic acid/creatinine (114.3 microg/mg), serum epinephrine (237 pg/mL), and serum norepinephrine (1842 pg/mL). Metaiodobenzyl guanidine I 123 scintigram, abdominal computed tomography, and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging revealed only left adrenal tumor with no metastasis. Left adrenalectomy was performed transperitoneally, and histopathological diagnosis was an adrenal composite pheochromocytoma associated with neuroblastoma. Immunoreactivity for vimentin was positive in pheochromocytoma, which was negative in neuroblastoma. After operation, the symptom of hypertension disappeared. We should examine the identification of composite pheochromocytoma by immunohistochemistry method in patients with neuroblastomatous elements complicated by severe hypertension, and it is important to carefully monitor urine vanillylmandelic acid and urine homovanillic acid in the examination tests and hypertension in the clinical symptoms, and follow up this patient because of some risk of recurrence and metastasis.
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PMID:Composite pheochromocytoma associated with adrenal neuroblastoma in an infant: a case report. 1648 Dec 67

Catecholamines, for example epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine, are widely distributed and are important neurotransmitters and hormones in mammalian species. Several methods have been developed for analysis of catecholamines and related compounds. Determination of catecholamines in biological fluids has enabled us to clarify the physiological role played by these amines. Catecholamine levels in plasma and/or urine are also useful for diagnosis of several diseases, for example hypertension, pheochromocytoma, and neuroblastoma. This review covers reports from 2000 to the present of methods for the analysis of catecholamines and their metabolites.
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PMID:Recent advances in methods for the analysis of catecholamines and their metabolites. 1692 78

Neuroblastoma is a tumor of the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla that rarely metastasizes to the placenta. A 21-year-old gravida 3, para 1 at 28 weeks' gestation had an incidental finding of a 3.8-cm fetal renal mass on prenatal ultrasound. Within 1 week, the fetus developed hydrops and was delivered for nonreassuring fetal assessment. The mother developed mirror syndrome as manifested by hypertension, oliguria, and edema. The hydropic infant developed pulmonary hypertension, sepsis, and renal failure. On day of life 4, life support was discontinued. Pathological examination of the placenta revealed disseminated small round blue cells consistent with neuroblastoma. Metastasis of congenital neuroblastoma to the placenta is exceedingly rare, and cases discovered prenatally have resulted in significant maternal morbidity and 100% neonatal mortality.
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PMID:Mirror syndrome resulting from metastatic congenital neuroblastoma. 1758 17

Catecholamines are important neurotransmitters in human organism. Catecholamine levels in plasma and urine are utilized to diagnose hypertension, pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma. This review reports different analytical methods for catecholamines, such as high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, mass spectrometric detection, electrochemical detection, chemiluminescence detection and fluorescence detection.
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PMID:[Advances in catecholamine analysis in biological samples]. 1797 97

Neuroblastoma (NB), a tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, is the most common infant malignancy. The etiology of NB is largely unknown. We explored the association between birth record variables and subsequent NB development in a population-based case-cohort study in Minnesota by linking the birth and cancer registries. NB cases included 155 children born during 1976-2004 who were diagnosed from 28 days through 14 years of age. The comparison group included 8,752 individuals randomly sampled from the birth cohort of cases. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Controlling for birth year and sex, maternal history of one fetal loss (HR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.5), maternal prenatal drug-use (recorded starting in 1992) (HR = 5.7, 95% CI 2.3-14) and child's small size for gestational age (HR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-4.0) were significantly associated with NB. Age group specific analyses indicated that maternal hypertension (HR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.3-7.2) and maternal age <20 years (HR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.1) increased risks for infant NB only. Our study provides evidence that a few perinatal exposures as recorded in birth records may play a role in NB etiology.
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PMID:Perinatal characteristics and risk of neuroblastoma. 1854 87

Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a water-soluble iron nitrosyl complex clinically used as a powerful vasodilator for treatment of hypertension; and, in basic research, it has been used to mainly investigate the cytotoxic effects of nitrosative stress. Although NO is considered a pharmacologically active molecule, not all of the biological effects of SNP are dependent on its NO moiety. To elucidate the molecular executioner(s) responsible for SNP cytotoxicity, this study determines the involvement of oxidative stress in p53 activation and apoptotic induction elicited by SNP in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We demonstrate that proapoptotic activity of SNP is independent of NO production, because SNP and its 2-day light-exhausted compound SNP(ex) trigger apoptosis to the same extent. We provide evidence for the occurrence of oxidative stress and oxidative damage during both SNP and SNP(ex) exposure and demonstrate that iron-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the genuine mediators of their cytotoxicity. We show that p53 is equally activated upon both SNP and SNP(ex) treatments. Moreover, as demonstrated by small interfering RNA experiments, we indicate its primary role in the induction of apoptosis, suggesting the ineffectiveness of NO in its engagement. The attenuation of p53 levels, obtained by oxy-radical scavengers, is consistent with the recovery of cell viability and ROS decrease, demonstrate that SNP-mediated p53 activation is an event triggered by ROS and/or ROS-mediated damages. Together, our results suggest that investigations of the physiopathological effects of SNP should consider the role of ROS, other than NO, particularly in some conditions such as apoptotic induction and p53 activation.
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PMID:Reactive oxygen species mediate p53 activation and apoptosis induced by sodium nitroprusside in SH-SY5Y cells. 1867 76

Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer among infants, suggesting an etiologic role for prenatal factors. In this case-cohort study, neuroblastoma cases (n = 529) diagnosed between 1985 and 2001 were identified from the New York State Cancer Registry and were matched to the electronic birth records for 1983-2001 from New York State and New York City. Controls (n = 12,010) were selected from the same birth cohorts. Analysis was stratified by age at diagnosis, with one to six months (younger infants), seven to 18 months (older infants), and older than 18 months (older children) analyzed separately. Perinatal exposure data was obtained from the birth certificates. No risk factors were identified to be consistently associated with risk across all three age groups. Generally, more risk factors were identified as associated with neuroblastoma among younger infants relative to older ages, including high birth weight, heavier maternal gestational weight gain, maternal hypertension, older maternal age, ultrasound, and respiratory distress. Among older infants, low birth weight was associated with increased risk while heavier maternal gestational weight gain was protective. In the oldest age group, first born status, primary cesarean delivery, prolonged labor and premature rupture of the membranes were associated with increased risk.
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PMID:Perinatal risk factors for neuroblastoma. 1894 15

Preoperative alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor block with phenoxybenzamine and labetalol, the intraoperative course of a 4-month-old infant with neuroblastoma and elevated catecholamines causing sweating, hypertension, and tachycardia, are presented. We recommend determination of catecholamine levels and pretreatment with alpha-adrenergic and--if needed--beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists in infants with neuroblastoma and hypertension, tachycardia, or sweating.
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PMID:Catecholamine-secreting neuroblastoma in a 4-month-old infant: perioperative management. 1923 42

The prenatal diagnosis of abdominal mass poses the problem of its origin. Renal tumors are rarer than neuroblastoma but they are most often congenital mesoblastic nephroma. The congenital mesoblastic nephroma has a good forecast in spite of a sonographic impressive aspect. MRI can help to locate tumor but cannot tell difference between the different kinds of renal tumor. Prenatal forecast is especially linked with hydramnios and hydrops fetalis. Histolological study of the tumor is important for the prognosis. Two morphological subtypes are currently distinguished: the classic type with a good forecast and the atypical or cellular type. Distant metastases have been related only to the cellular form but especially in infants aged more than 3 months and never in the newborns. The diagnosis of the tumor does not change the mode of delivery except in case of an important volume. Complications are searched during the first days of life: hypertension, hypercalcemia, vomiting, hyperreninemia. Radical nephrectomy is performed after the end of the first week. In case of a classic form, the healing is always obtained. In case of cellular form, distant metastases are searched. In any rate, the follow-up is recommended until the end of the growth.
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PMID:[Management of antenatal fetal abdominal tumors. Clues for the diagnosis of a congenital mesoblastic nephroma]. 1938 47

Patients undergoing auto-SCT for neuroblastoma present a unique population to study transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA), due to standardized chemotherapy and later exposure to radiation and cis-retinoic acid (cis-RA). We retrospectively analyzed 20 patients after auto-SCT to evaluate early clinical indicators of TA-TMA. A total of 6 patients developing TA-TMA (30% prevalence) were compared with 14 controls. Four of six patients were diagnosed with TA-TMA by 25 days after auto-SCT. Compared with controls, TA-TMA patients had higher average systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels during high-dose chemotherapy and developed hypertension by day 13 after auto-SCT. Proteinuria was a significant marker for TA-TMA, whereas blood and platelet transfusion requirements were not. Serum creatinine did not differ between groups post transplant. However, patients with TA-TMA had a 60% decrease in renal function from baseline by nuclear glomerular filtration rate, compared with a 25% decrease in those without TA-TMA (P=0.001). There was no TA-TMA-related mortality. Significant complications included end-stage renal disease (n=1) and polyserositis (n=3). Patients with TA-TMA were unable to complete cis-RA therapy after auto-SCT. We suggest that careful attention to blood pressure and urinalysis will assist in the early diagnosis of TA-TMA, whereas serum creatinine seems to be an insensitive marker for this condition.
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PMID:Early clinical indicators of transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy in pediatric neuroblastoma patients undergoing auto-SCT. 2069 72


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