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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Detachment of the posterior vitreous can cause clinically significant retinal hemorrhage. Two patients with acute posterior vitreous detachment had massive retinal hemorrhages overlying the optic disks. These absorbed in time without sequealae. A third patient had numerous small blot hemorrhages scattered near the optic disk and macula. A fourth patient presented with a small macular hemorrhage causing temporary visual loss. All patients had moderately severe myopia and were in good health without hypertension or diabetes. There was no history of trauma or Valsalva maneuver. Hematologic and coagulation studies were normal. These cases indicate that retinal hemorrhages due to posterior vitreous detachment may be strikingly large, multiple, and, when involving the macula, cause temporary visual loss.
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PMID:Retinal hemorrhages in posterior vitreous detachment. 120 97

Expulsive choroidal haemorrhage is a dramatic and serious complication of cataract surgery that occurred in five patients out of ten thousand consecutive cataract surgeries performed by the author during the year 1989 and 1990. Report about this dreaded complication after cataract surgery are scanty and as far as I can remember I have not seen any report in Indian ophthalmic literature recently. Since cataract surgery forms the major part of intra ocular surgeries performed in our country, I thought it would be appropriate to report about this rare complication which may occur to all of us. Out of five cases 3 were males and 2 were females in the age group ranging between 45-72 years. Two eyes regained vision up to 6/12 after intra operative expulsive haemorrhage. All the eyes were salvaged by doing anterior sclerotomy. Diabetes, hypertension, glaucoma and myopia are the commonest predisposing factors.
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PMID:Expulsive choroidal haemorrhage. 130 Feb 98

The anatomical location and appearance of retinal hemorrhages in the infant provide important clues in the diagnosis of underlying disorders. While neonatal retinal hemorrhages related to birth trauma are common, benign, and self-limited, other retinal hemorrhages in infancy may signify intracranial aneurysms, accidental or non-accidental injury, and a variety of ocular (e.g., Coats' disease, PHPV, ROP, retinal dysplasia, hypertension, myopia) or systemic disease (e.g., hematologic or cardiovascular disorders, infection, protein C deficiency). In this review, retinal hemorrhages are illustrated and classified according to location, appearance, and etiology. Prompt diagnosis of retinal hemorrhages in infants is crucial, because treatment may be required to prevent early deprivation amblyopia and blindness. Ophthalmological findings may also be a valuable contribution to the overall medical evaluation of the infant.
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PMID:Fundus hemorrhages in infancy. 150 54

Between 1985 and 1988, a two-phase epidemiological study was conducted at the "Ruta 100" company in Mexico City to examine the harmful effects of the working conditions on drivers of urban transport vehicles. In the first phase, five groups of nine drivers each were interviewed regarding their opinions about their working conditions and possible work-related disorders. On the basis of this information, an epidemiological survey was developed and applied using a polytypic sampling design to some 200 drivers plus two other groups of approximately the same size, one consisting of maintenance workers and the other of office workers, which served as controls. The driver group showed a high prevalence of respiratory and neuropsychiatric disorders, diarrhea, myopia, arterial hypertension, urinary disorders, hemorrhoids, hearing loss, back pain, varicose veins, peptic ulcers, diabetes, cardiopathies, abdominal hernias, and appendicitis. For arterial hypertension, hemorrhoids, nervous disorders, and psychiatric disorders the prevalence ratios of drivers/maintenance workers and drivers/administrative workers were statistically significant.
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PMID:[Health status of urban passenger transportation conductors in Mexico City]. 183 60

A prospective study of preoperative risk factors in extracapsular cataract surgery was undertaken. The study included 2042 planned extracapsular cataract extractions in 1772 patients performed by 12 surgeons between February, 1986 and June, 1988. The possible risk factors to be analysed included sex, age, right or left eye, axial length, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, preceding blunt ocular trauma, diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension. Capsular breaks occurred in 2.9% and vitreous loss in 1.9% of our patients. A significant increase in the frequency of capsular breaks was observed for patients under the age of 41 and for patients with diabetes mellitus, vitreous loss being observed significantly more frequently in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. A slight but insignificant increase in capsular breaks was observed for male patients, left eyes, eyes smaller than 22 mm, pseudoexfoliation syndrome and systemic hypertension. Advanced age, myopia and previous blunt trauma were not found to be significant risk factors for capsular breaks or vitreous loss. We recommend careful preoperative patient examination to identify preoperative risk factors and possibly avoid intraoperative complications.
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PMID:[Risk factors for capsular rupture and vitreous loss in extracapsular cataract extraction. The Erlangen Ophthalmology Group]. 258 31

Delayed suprachoroidal haemorrhage occurred in 13 eyes in a consecutive series of 432 cases undergoing trabeculectomy or anterior chamber (A/C) tube drainage operations. Aphakia and vitrectomy were associated with an increased risk of haemorrhage, whilst advanced age, myopia, systemic hypertension and high preoperative intraocular pressure were not. Haemorrhage occurred more often after A/C tube drainage operations than after trabeculectomy. An explanation for this may be that eyes requiring A/C tube drainage operations have had multiple previous operations including lens extraction and vitrectomy, have a higher pre-operative intraocular pressure and a greater fall in pressure after operation when compared to eyes undergoing trabeculectomy. Post-operative hypotony should be avoided in high-risk eyes.
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PMID:Delayed suprachoroidal haemorrhage after glaucoma operations. 261 78

Thermometry of 40 eyes before and after visual work at near with different correction of ametropia and tonography of 20 eyes with progressive myopia and 20 eyes with stationary myopia conducted before and after 15-minute reading load under full correction have revealed that visual work at near is accompanied by working hyperemia of ciliary body (rise of temperature in the anterior segment of the eye ball) and hyperproduction of intraocular fluid. In eyes with stationary myopia, hyperproduction is fully compensated by improvement of aqueous outflow from the eye. In eyes with progressive myopia, ophthalmic hypertension takes place because of insufficient improvement of the outflow facility coefficient. It is likely that working hyperemia of the ciliary body and hyperproduction of intraocular fluid under conditions of visual work at near can be realized as a factor of myopization of the human eye in case of a certain predisposition: in eyes with a not fully formed angle of the anterior chamber or in eyes with anomalous development of the angle.
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PMID:[Accommodative hyperemia of the ciliary body as one of the pathogenetic factors in myopia]. 263 48

In a randomized trial of the effects of medical insurance on spending and the health status of the nonaged, we previously reported that patients with limited cost sharing had approximately one-third less use of medical services, similar general self-assessed health, and worse blood pressure, functional far vision, and dental health than those with free care. Of the 20 additional measures of physiological health studied here on 3,565 adults, people with cost sharing scored better on 12 measures and significantly worse only for functional near vision. People with cost sharing had less worry and pain from physiological conditions on 33 of 44 comparisons. There were no significant differences between plans in nine health practices, but those with cost sharing fared worse on three types of cancer screening and better on weight, exercise, and drinking. Overall, except for patients with hypertension or vision problems, the effects of cost sharing on health were minor.
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PMID:Effects of cost sharing on physiological health, health practices, and worry. 311 20

Visual function and optic disc appearances were studied in 68 patients conforming to established criteria of benign intracranial hypertension (BIH). The clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings of those patients whose visual field or acuity deteriorated were compared with those who did not deteriorate over an average follow-up of 4.1 years. Definite loss of visual function occurred in 49% of eyes and was severe in 6%. Patients with high grade or atrophic papilledema, or peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage, were significantly more likely to have had deterioration of visual function. Transient obscurations of vision and the presence of optico-ciliary shunts were associated with severe visual loss. Anemia, older age, and high myopia were other risk factors for visual loss. Chronic papilledema may cause progressive visual loss and, for this reason, BIH is not a benign condition; fundal changes and visual function should be carefully monitored.
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PMID:Factors affecting visual loss in benign intracranial hypertension. 651 95

Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is a common complication in pregnancy and prenatal stage. Because the direct and indirect relationship between low calcium intake and many diseases, such as rachitis, young age myopia and hypertension, calcium supplementation has been a hot topic among nutritionists. Randomized trials of calcium supplementation during pregnancy were conducted in 212 healthy primipara. They were divided into 4 groups and gave 120mg, 240mg, 1g or 2g of calcium daily from 20 to 28 wks of gestation up to delivery respectively. As a result, the incidence of PIH was 8.9%, 7.5%, 8% and 4% respectively in these groups. The control group (106 pregnant women) who did not receive calcium gave an incidence of 18%. Supplementation of 2g of calcium daily showed significant results in lowering the incidence of PIH (P < 0.05) without any adverse effects. In 1992 calcium supplementation was widely used in antenatal-clinic. 200 cases with intake of 2g calcium were compared with corresponding non-calcium supplementation cases, and the incidence of PIH was 7.5% and 16.5% (P < 0.005) respectively. Mediating parathyroid hormone and renin activity are thought to be the effect of calcium on decreasing the incidence of PIH.
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PMID:Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for reducing pregnancy induced hypertension. 771 43


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