Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intravenous nifedipine was administered to treat arterial hypertension in a 54-year-old woman presenting for removal of a meningioma. A marked decrease in arterial oxygen tension occurred during the nifedipine infusion. Inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by nifedipine is discussed.
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PMID:Marked decrease in arterial oxygen tension associated with continuous intravenous nifedipine administration. 195 2

Progesterone receptor antagonists have been developed by substitutions at the 11-beta and 17 side-chain positions of the progestagen norethisterone. The most studied progesterone receptor antagonists are mifepristone (Mifegyne; Roussel-UCLAF; RU486) and ZK98734 and ZK98299 (Schering AG). These compounds bind avidly to the progesterone receptor and glucocorticoid receptor but have essentially no binding to the mineralocortocoid, oestrogen or androgen receptors. Mifepristone also binds avidly to albumin, resulting in a half-life of approximately 24 h after oral administration. Progesterone receptor antagonists can induce menstruation by a direct action upon the endometrium. They have also been shown to exert weak progesterone agonist actions in certain circumstances and to modulate pituitary hormone secretion by antagonizing the feedback actions of progesterone. Moreover, they release prostaglandin F2 alpha and E2 from human endometrium or early pregnancy decidua and reduce the metabolism of these eicosanoids. Clinically, progesterone receptor antagonists have been used in trials of menstrual regulation, abortion and induction of labour, and during treatment of breast or ovarian cancer, some forms of hypertension and meningioma. Progesterone receptor antagonists have been administered to approximately 70,000 women in 18 countries as medical abortifacients. They have been proven, especially when combined with prostaglandin analogues, to be as effective as surgical methods of termination of pregnancy. Progesterone receptor antagonists have focussed international attention on menstrual regulation, abortion and the rights of women to regulate their fertility.
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PMID:Progesterone receptor antagonists and prostaglandins in human fertility regulation: a clinical review. 196 97

Seven cases of meningiomas implanted on the medial portion of the free edge of the tentorium are reported. The denomination "meningiomas of the apex of the tentorial incisura" is proposed. In 4 patients, the clinical presentation was that of an intracranial hypertension without signs of compression of the quadrigeminal plate involvement. In the other 3 patients, the initial symptoms were those of the triad of the adult chronic hydrocephalus (N.P.H.) syndrome. Angiographic evaluation provides useful informations on the arterial supply (which is mainly from the tentorial branches of the internal carotid arteries and occasionally from the middle meningeal arteries) and the relationships of the tumor with the deep venous system. C.T. and M.R.I. facilitate earlier diagnosis and better demonstration of implantation and extension of the tumor, which the selection of a surgical approach is based upon. Four patients have undergone an occipital supratentorial approach and 2 a supra-cerebellar infra-tentorial approach. The meningioma was totally removed in 5 patients, sub-totally in 1 to avoid bilateral lesions of the visual pathways and cortical areas. The 7th patient was treated by C.S.F. shunt alone. No operative mortality occurred. The follow-up is averaging 18 months: 4 patients are symptom-free, 3 exhibit minor sequelae (epilepsy: 1, visual field defects: 2, memory impairement: 2). Six patients of the series have resumed their previous activities. Discussion is focused on the difficulties of surgical removal of this particular type of tentorial meningioma, resulting from volume, implantation and relationships of the tumor with the deep veins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Meningioma of the apex of the tentorial incisura. Diagnostic and surgical aspects apropos of a series of 7 cases]. 201 87

Five hundred and five operations for intracranial meningiomas were complicated by 18 postoperative hematomas (POH)--3.56%. The POH were more frequently encountered in older patients and/or patients with atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension and diabetes. Longer lasting operations especially cases with intraoperative fall of blood pressure were more often complicated by POH. The POH were more frequently observed following total excision than partial removal and after convexity meningioma operations than other locations. The outcome of the operations complicated by POH was related to the time of their clinical manifestation and removal.
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PMID:Postoperative hematomas following 505 operations for intracranial meningiomas. 262 29

A series of 4992 intracranial procedures performed over an 11-year period was evaluated for the occurrence of postoperative hemorrhage. Forty patients (0.8%) experienced postoperative hemorrhage. Twenty-four hemorrhages were intracerebral (60%), 11 were epidural (28%), 3 were subdural (7.5%), and 2 were intrasellar (5.0%). Hematomas in 33 patients occurred at the operative site, and 7 occurred remote from the operative site. Intracranial tumor was the reason for operation in 56% of the patients developing a clot, and meningioma was the most common tumor associated with this complication. The use of the sitting position was not associated with an increased incidence of postoperative hemorrhage. Disturbances of coagulation and hypertension seemed to be potential precipitating factors. Postoperative hemorrhage was recognized within 12 hours of operation in 35% of the patients. An altered level of consciousness was the most frequent clinical finding, present in all patients. There was no clear relationship between the time of recognition and the final clinical outcome. Parenchymal clots carried the worst prognosis, accounting for 8 of the 11 deaths and all 7 patients with poor neurological outcome.
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PMID:Postoperative hemorrhage: a survey of 4992 intracranial procedures. 322 12

Four boys and four girls with brain tumors who were admitted to our department in the last 8 years are herein described. They presented with epileptic fits, which began before the age of 14 years, with neither intracranial hypertension nor localizing signs during the first 6 months of the illness. The length of time between the first fit and the diagnosis of a tumor ranged from 2 months to 11 years (median of 3 years), during which period all patients but one received anticonvulsant therapy. The nontreated patient was under psychiatric treatment for 1 year. The electroencephalographic evolution was disconcerting, showing asymmetry of the recording with association of slow polymorphic waves and acute irregular waves, suggesting encephalitis. The neuroradiological diagnosis was made by cerebral arteriography in one patient and in the others by angiography and CT scans (which revealed hypodense cerebral areas in five cases and hyperdense areas in the other two). The histology of the tumor was that of a grade I astrocytoma in six cases; a grade III oligondendroglioma in one case, and a meningioma in the other. All patients underwent surgical treatment. Four also received radiation therapy, two for a partially excised astrocytoma and one each for an oligodendroglioma and a meningioma. Postoperatively, all patients were put on anticonvulsant drug therapy. There were no mortalities. To date, only one astrocytoma has recurred. The sequellae observed were hemiparesis in one case and marked psychomotor deficit in another. These two patients also still have epileptic fits. The others are all psychologically and neurologically normal, and two are now off antiepileptic drugs.
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PMID:Epilepsy and brain tumors in infancy and adolescence. 377 77

The value of the EEG has not been diminished by the advent of new diagnostic procedures and the improvement of older techniques. For electro-encephalography is in essence a 'clinical' method, reflecting in its own particular way, the variable status of the brain. Moreover, in conjunction with these methods the EEG can provide for better information concerning the brain's condition. Furthermore in particular serio-angiography and C.B.F. measurements can furnish us more detailed insight in the EEG phenomena which may occur in differed types of cerebro-vascular disease. Generally the changes of the local EEG phenomena, which may occur in cerebral ischaemia correlate well with the angiographic and r.C.B.F. data. In cerebral haemorrhage and cerebral tumour however the r.C.B.F. values are commonly more diffusely reduced as could be expected from the extent of the EEG disturbances. Increased r.C.B.F. values may be encountered over meningioma due to increased perfusion of the Xenon133 in this electrically inactive tumour; they can also occur in malign glioblastoma, where direct arterio-venous connections are responsable for the so called shunt peaks. These peaks may also be found in patients with arterio-venous malformations or with acute ischaemia, in the latter case due to marked reduction of the local pH. Remarkable was the discrepancy between the local increase of the C.B.F. and the local deterioration in the EEG following intracarotid injection of HC1 papaverine; the same applied to the reaction of EEG and C.B.F. in case of acute induced hypertension with loss of autoregulation.
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PMID:[25 years of electroencephalography in cerebrovascular disease]. 461 49

Seven cases are presented in which prolonged papilloedema led to the development of acquired optociliary shunt vessels. These vessels may also be found with optic nerve tumours, particularly spheno-orbital meningiomas, optic nerve drusen, glaucoma, and after central retinal vein occlusion. Two patients had intracranial tumours, 4 benign intracranial hypertension, and one Crouzon's disease. Three had marked atrophic changes of the disc. The pathophysiology of the disc changes is discussed. The triad of long-standing poor vision, acquired optociliary shunts, and optic atrophy with blurred disc margins should not be regarded as specific for spheno-orbital meningioma.
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PMID:Acquired optociliary shunt vessels in papilloedema. 615 36

This review deals with steroid hormones and receptors in relation to the physiology and the pathology of the central nervous system (CNS) and meninges. In recent years experiments performed in animals showed that: 1) endogenous steroid hormones cross the blood brain barrier: 2) radiolabelled steroid hormones bind in specific areas of the CNS; 3) all five classes of steroid receptors, i.e. oestrogen, progesterone, androgen, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors (OR, PR, AR, GR, MR), are present in brain tissues, especially in the hypothalamus and the limbic system; 4) the interaction of steroid hormones and specific receptors induces the synthesis of proteins in the CNS; 5) finally, in situ metabolism of steroid hormones has been evidenced by the presence of specific enzymes. A few studies in human brain tissues have shown the presence of GR and OR as well as enzymes involved in the metabolism of sex steroid hormones. In neurology, some epidemiological and clinical data suggest the implication of steroid hormones and receptors in human CNS: 1) the influence of oestrogens in tardive dyskinesia; 2) the relevance of hormonal changes in benign intracranial hypertension; 3) the usefulness of glucocorticoid therapy in many patients with intracranial tumors and/or edema. Due to feasibility, most researches have concerned tumors: meningioma, neurinoma and glioma. Firstly, a reappraisal of biochemical and histochemical technics used to detect and characterize the receptors in tumors is presented. Then results from the recent literature are reviewed. In meningioma, PR was found in 89 p. 100 (152/177) of the cases, usually at moderate to high levels (up to 33 000 fmol/gT). In addition, PR has been fully characterized from a biochemical point of view. Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that PR may be a marker of leptomeningeal cells since it was detected at high levels in well differentiated tumors provided they had no or few psammoma. This was further supported by the discovery of PR in normal leptomeninges in human adults. OR was detected in 48 p. 100 (87/177) of the meningioma, at low levels. This is in contrast with PR but the percentage of cases with OR raises to 70 p. 100 (42/60) if one considers only tumors assayed for both cytosolic and nuclear receptors. Therefore it has been suggested that OR had translocated into the nucleus, at least in some cases, and subsequently the hypothesis of functional OR in meningioma was raised. AR was also detected in meningioma. Furthermore AR levels were found to correlate well with PR levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Steroid receptors in the central nervous system. Implications in neurology]. 637 95

The work was concerned with the study of 57 gliomas, among which were 30 glioblastomas, 20 astrocytomas, and 7 oligodendrogliomas. Specimens collected from 26 patients who underwent operation for severe craniocerebral trauma, meningioma, and carcinoma metastasis were examined as controls. The proteins of the tumor tissues and those of the brain matter surrounding the tumor and of normal brain matter were fractionated in polyacrylamide gel. It was found that the amount of water soluble protein, both in the total protein content and in all its fractions, was much greater in the glial tumors than in normal brain matter. The effect of 11 factors on the tissue protein composition was studied by factor analysis. The histological structure and extent of vascularization of the tumor as well as the presence of intracranial hypertension were found to produce the highest effect on the fractional distribution of the proteins.
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PMID:[Relation between the protein composition of glial tumors and various clinico-morphologic indices]. 649 54


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