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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Medulloblastoma is classically a childhood tumor, but one third of the cases occurs in adulthood. 17 adult cases are reported here (12 men, 5 women). The average age was 26 years 6 m (from 16 to 47 years). Pre-surgical clinical course is shorter before 30 years (7 months) than after (up to 24 months). Initial symptoms were intracranial hypertension with signs of lateralisation in 2:3 of the cases (cranial nerve and pontocerebellar syndroms). Vertebral angiography, scintigraphy, tomodensitometry helped to the diagnosis. Morphologically, two variants of tumors were found: soft and infiltrative classical medulloblastoma (12 cases) and desmoplastic medulloblastoma which was firmer and better limited (5 cases). The treatment consisted of a surgical removal, as complete as possible, then of an entire neuraxis radiation. Three operated patients died before 6 weeks. Among the 14 other cases, six patients are still alive three years, four other, five years and one, 22 years after the operation. This histological type was of no influence on the post-operative course. Remote metastasis were noted in cauda equina (3 cases), in spinal cord (1 case), in bones and lymphatic nodes (3 cases).
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PMID:[Adult medulloblastomas. Clinical, anatomical and therapeutical study on seventeen cases (author's transl)]. 23 28

The case of a twelve year old child with intracerebral hypertension and cerebellar syndrome in whom the neuroradiological and neurological examinations were suggestive of posterior cranial fossa tumor is reported. The brain scan depicted the scintigraphic pattern of midline neoplasms, most likely medulloblastoma or astrocytoma. At surgery a Cysticercus cellulosae was removed from the fourth ventricle. The authors suggest that in geographical areas with high prevalence of neurocysticercosis in the infantile population the hypothesis of the pseudotumoral form of the disease be remembered when one attempts to characterize the type of neoplasms of the posterior fossa as detected by brain scan.
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PMID:[Cysticercosis of the fourth ventricle simulating a posterior fossa neoplasm in cerebral scintillography. Report of a case]. 75 15

A Developmental Gerstmann syndrome in a 7 years-old-boy with hyperactivity, short attention span, acalculia, agraphia, right-left confusion, finger agnosia and constructional apraxia is reported. An initial trial with methylphenidate was done with good improvement regarding hyperactivity, attention span and constructional apraxia. In the clinical course developed a cerebellar syndrome and intracranial hypertension. Surgical exploration of the cerebellum discovered a medulloblastoma. The author believes that this is the first described association of Developmental Gerstmann syndrome and cerebellar neoplasia. The clinical findings, the etiology and the topography of the Gerstmann syndrome are discussed.
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PMID:[Developmental Gerstmann syndrome associated with cerebellar neoplasm. Report of a case and review of the literature]. 116 10

A case of hemispheric medulloblastoma of cerebellum in a 22 male patient is presented. The patient complained of headache and an intracranial hypertension syndrome progressively appeared. Diagnosis was established by CT scan. Treatment consisted of radical surgery associated to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Present survival with this treatment is 4 years being the patient asymptomatic and without signs of relapse.
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PMID:[Medulloblastoma in the adult: presentation of a new case]. 154

We describe a case of posterior fossa medulloblastoma in which the initial symptom was severe hypertension that evolved into a hypertensive crisis. Initial diagnostic evaluation was suggestive of both pheochromocytoma and Cushing's syndrome: elevated plasma norepinephrine and urine VMA, normal ACTH level with elevated plasma and urine cortisol, and lack of suppressibility with dexamethasone. CAT scan and cerebral angiogram subsequently revealed the presence of an intracranial mass. After surgical removal of the tumor, blood pressure pattern and endocrine abnormalities reverted to normal.
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PMID:Cerebellar tumor causing hypertensive crisis and simulating pheochromocytoma and Cushing's syndrome. 278 84

Six children are reported in whom subarachnoid hemorrhage was an initial symptom of brain tumor. In our neurosurgical clinics, this represented 3.6% of pediatric brain tumors and showed a frequency equal to aneurysmal rupture among nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage of children. In pediatric patients, hemorrhages from brain tumors occur predominantly in the posterior fossa. The medulloblastoma, which had been believed to bleed rarely, is now realized to be a common source of tumor hemorrhages in such cases. The introduction of CT scan facilitates early recognition of hemorrhagic stroke from brain tumors and prompt management for acute intracranial hypertension and brainstem dysfunction. Although the patients achieve favorable recovery from their initial catastrophic condition, the ultimate prognosis, in the majority of cases, is still rather poor because such hemorrhages usually develop from a malignant tumor. The present and other recent reports indicate that the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke from brain tumors in pediatric patients is much higher than has been thought and is an important cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage in this age group.
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PMID:Subarachnoid hemorrhage from brain tumors in childhood. 304 Feb 48

The case of a child presenting with Hodgkin's disease (stage I A, mixed cellular type) at the age of 23 months is reported. Chemotherapy (six treatments with MOPP) enabled a clinical remission, but an in situ relapse with the same histological pattern was observed at the age of 3 years and 9 months. After local irradiation, a second complete remission was observed. At the age of 6, a clinical picture of intraskull hypertension with ataxia, lead to the diagnosis of posterior cavity tumor. Complete excision was performed and the pathological examination showed a typical medulloblastoma. Adjuvant radiotherapy was carried out. Eight months later, a fatal plurifocal medullar relapse was observed. Second tumors in Hodgkin's disease are well known. However, this new case appeared to be the first report of a medulloblastoma after Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:[Medulloblastoma of the posterior cranial fossa. A second tumor after Hodgkin's disease]. 361 42

A case of nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome in a four years old girl with preceding familiar history is reported. In her epithelioma father numerous basocellular, milia cysts, mandibular cysts, dentition disorders, brain falx calcifica ted and hiperkeratosis of the sole of the feet were described. Clinically, the girl presented initial migraine and vomits together with macrocephalus, bossing forehead, hypertelorism, physical disorders, retarded maturation, "keel" thorax, genu recurvatum, hallux valgus, hammerfinger, pigmented nevus and hyperkeratosis of the sole of the feet. Radiologically diastasis of the skull suture with jagged image, endocranial hypertension, signs of macrocephalus of the facial bones, calcification of the brain falx, bridge of the sella turcica, bifid ribs and fusion of the ribs was observed. The axial computed tomography showed calcification of the vermix cerebelosus and severe hydrocephalus suggesting the presence of an occupant mass. After total surgical removal of the mass, the histological examination revealed a medulloblastoma. The skin biopsy of a cutaneous nevic element showed a basal-cell epithelioma. With the exception of an ovarian fibroma and fusion of the vertebras non appreciable because of the age. With the exception of the ovarian fibroma and the fusion of the vertebras, the patient showed the same characteristics as those described in the classification of Gorlin. The importance of this paper communication lie on the preceding familiar history, infrequency, compromise of different systems, malignant tendency of the cutaneous lesions and frequent association with non cutaneous neoplasias.
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PMID:[Basal cell nevus syndrome. Presentation of 2 cases. 1 associated with medulloblastoma]. 388 60

Brain tumors are, after leukemias, the most frequent fatal neoplasms of infancy. The clinical features and symptoms are often markedly different from those observed in the adult forms, according to the peculiar anatomy and behaviour of the child. Persistent headache, vomiting, astenia , behavioral alterations may be the precocious findings. Later, some more specific and suggestive signs such as strabismus, dyplopia , fast head size increase, funduscopic alterations, ataxia, paresis and nystagmus may be observed. On their appearance a prompt diagnostic work-up should be performed. The tumors of the posterior fossa (cerebellar astrocytoma and medulloblastoma, brainstem glyoma , hependimoma in decreasing order of frequency) generally cause precocious symptoms because of the small dimension of the subtentorial space; the presence in this region of several fundamental nuclei and pathways may explain how also small tumors may cause severe deficits. Supratentorial tumors (astrocytoma, malignant glyoma , hependimoma , craniofaringioma ) often show a more prolonged latency and may begin with signs of endocranial hypertension, seizures, or sometimes with hormonal troubles according to the involved anatomic structures. Hypothalamic astrocytoma is responsible of an extreme weight loss as far as to a cachetic status, due to the hyperincretion of GH. Finally, plexus papilloma, dermoid, optic nerve glyoma , oligodendroglyoma , germinoma, teratoma are responsible of a small number of child brain tumors, with different localization and symptomatology.
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PMID:[Clinical course of brain tumors in childhood]. 673 95

Twenty patients with intracranial medulloblastoma were analyzed by CT. All patients presented with symptoms of headache, and in eight clinical findings consistent with intracranial hypertension were the only neurological abnormalities. In 16 cases, the medulloblastoma appeared as midline posterior fossa mass and in four cases it was located laterally in the cerebellar hemisphere. The fourth ventricle appeared abnormal and there was evidence of obstructive hydrocephalus in all cases. The lesion was hyperdense in 14 cases but in only one was there evidence of calcification; the neoplasm appeared isodense in six. Post-contrast enhancement was visualized in all cases; this was homogeneous in 18 and had a ring-pattern of variable thickness in two others.
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PMID:Computerized tomographic findings in medulloblastomas. 708 45


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