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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mortality rates of stomach cancer and stroke were found to decrease in a similar way over a given time in different countries. The same phenomenon can be observed in Finland for both sexes. Salt is suggested to be the linking factor in the stroke-stomach cancer relationship. Recent studies indicate that salt intake in Finland is very high. Actual salt consumption levels are in Finland as high as they were in Belgium 15 years ago. The same observations can be made for cerebrovascular and stomach cancer mortality, making the salt hypothesis plausible. In contrast from 1972-73 on stroke mortality decreases faster than stomach cancer mortality. This could be observed in other western countries: USA, Austria, England and Wales, Belgium, West Germany, etc. The steeper decline may be the consequence of mass drug treatment of hypertension which started in Finland during the early years of 1970's, and also the consequence of changes in dietary habits, especially in fat intake in Finland.
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PMID:Trends in stomach cancer and stroke in Finland. Comparison to northwest Europe and USA. 647 33

In a nine-year follow-up of a southern California community of 2,852 men and women aged 60-79 years, systolic blood pressure was a significant predictor of subsequent cancer mortality in men. This effect was independent of age, antihypertensive medication, smoking, obesity, and plasma cholesterol. Trends in women were similar but not statistically significant. Compared with those still alive, higher initial systolic blood pressure levels were apparent in those who died of colon cancer, stomach cancer, and all other cancers combined except for lung and prostate cancer. Possible mechanisms for this association and the implications of the data with regard to the benefits of measures to treat high blood pressure or lower population distribution of blood pressure are discussed.
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PMID:Systolic blood pressure and cancer mortality in an elderly population. 647 25

An 80-yr-old man with advanced gastric cancer was admitted on September 10, 1982. He received no surgery owing to a moderate attack of bronchial asthma, hypertension and cardiac, pulmonary and renal function disturbances. Chemotherapy was started after discharge. The treatment regimen was the oral administration of 5-fluorouracil tablets at a dose of 200 mg a day, every day. Endoscopic examination 10 weeks after the initiation of chemotherapy revealed complete regression of the tumor and the biopsy specimen revealed no cancer cells. Since then, X-ray and endoscopic examination have been performed every two to three months. The patient is still well without relapse of the disease.
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PMID:A case of gastric cancer achieving a complete response by chemotherapy. 648 22

Salt once was a scarce commodity and for some governments salt tax was an important income. The Na content of a diet without any processed foods or added salt would be approximately 400-500 mg. Food industry contributes substantial amounts of salt. A nutrition policy on Na should include regulation of the Na content in infant formulas and a decreased Na intake to reduce the risk of hypertension and possibly also gastric cancer. Iodized salt is an important source of iodine in many countries. Recommendations regarding Na intake have been given in some recommended dietary intakes and in several dietary guidelines. During the last years a few Western countries have published action programmes regarding Na and hypertension. Very few countries have standards regulating the salt content of certain products but in case any claims are made related to the Na content, this usually has to be declared. Special dietary foods with low Na content and salt substitutes are available in many countries. Standards for such products have been published by the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission.
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PMID:Sodium in nutrition policy. 653 38

Analysis of age-adjusted death rates in 21 countries during a 20-year period identified the presence of a strong positive association between recorded mortality from cerebrovascular disease, hypertension and stomach cancer. A study of multiple causes of death was undertaken to determine whether this association results from a unique relationship between these diseases or merely represents a secondary and fortuitous finding. The observed and expected concordances of stomach cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and cerebrovascular disease with several cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diagnoses were calculated from tables of multiple causes of death for all persons who died in England and Wales during 1975 and 1976. Although several previously known disease associations were recognized, there was no evidence of a greater concordance between stomach cancer and hypertension or cerebrovascular disease than between lung cancer and hypertension or cerebrovascular disease. Likewise, with one exception, there was no evidence of a greater concordance between stomach cancer and hypertension or cerebrovascular disease than between pancreatic cancer and hypertension or cerebrovascular disease. These results suggest that the temporal and geographic relationships between mortality from cerebrovascular disease, hypertension and stomach cancer are not causally linked. Our findings fail to support the hypothesis that exposure to salt increases an individual's risk of both cerebrovascular disease and stomach cancer.
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PMID:An investigation of the relationship between stomach cancer and cerebrovascular disease: evidence for and against the salt hypothesis. 706 76

1. Analysis of age-adjusted death rates from 21 countries over a 20-year period identified the presence of a strong positive association between recorded mortality from stroke, hypertension and stomach cancer. However, the slopes of regression lines for secular trends analyses varied considerably from country to country, suggesting an inconsistency in the pattern of the relationship. 2. A death certificate study of diagnostic concordance correctly identified previously known disease associations but failed to recognise any special relationship between stroke and stomach cancer or hypertension and stomach cancer. 3. Our results fail to confirm the presence of a unique relationship between stroke and stomach cancer. On the basis of these observations, the hypothesis that exposure to salt increases an individual's risk of developing both stroke and stomach cancer seems unlikely.
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PMID:Hypertension, cerebrovascular disease and stomach cancer: is the salt hypothesis true? 731 39

Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that low dietary potassium intake may have an important role in determining the development of diseases such as hypertension, and perhaps even stomach cancer, and that increased potassium intake may have beneficial effects in several other conditions. Dietary adjustment or active potassium supplementation has been suggested as a natural, less costly and safe method of increasing potassium levels, although active supplementation with tablets or solutions is not recommended in healthy people with normal serum potassium levels. However, increasing dietary potassium intake in the elderly and in patients with renal impairment must be considered with caution. Diuretics have a long established role in the management of hypertension and heart failure. There is no convincing evidence to suggest that the small reduction in plasma potassium levels associated with low dose thiazide and loop diuretic therapy needs to be routinely prevented by the use of potassium-sparing drugs. In non-digitalised patients little association has been found between mild diuretic-induced hypokalaemia and arrhythmias. Thus, the routine prophylactic use of potassium-sparing diuretics in combination with non-potassium-retaining diuretics for the treatment of hypertension and oedematous states is not justified. Based on current evidence, treating all patients whose serum potassium level decreases below 3 mmol/L is recommended, although for certain patients at particular risk of hypokalaemia, levels may need to be maintained above 3.5 mmol/L. In overt hypokalaemia, several therapeutic options are available to the clinician. These include increased consumption of potassium-rich foods, the use of salt substitutes, medicinal potassium supplementation or distal tubular (potassium-sparing) diuretics.
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PMID:Potassium supplements and potassium-sparing diuretics. A review and guide to appropriate use. 751 Jun 15

The effects of nitrate, nitrite, and N-nitroso compounds on human health are reviewed. Special emphasis has been placed on the role of these compounds on infant methemoglobinemia and gastric cancer. The discussion on methemoglobinemia includes the source of nitrate or nitrite, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and the contributions of age, gastric pH, gastrointestinal illness, and ingestion of vitamin C to this illness. The maternal transfer of these compounds and the potential effect on fetal death and malformation are also described. The etiology and development of gastric cancer is reviewed as well as the roles of nitrate, nitrite, and N-nitroso compounds in this disease. Endogenous nitrosation and the experimental and epidemiologic evidence linking these compounds to gastric cancer is examined. Other sections include adult methemoglobinemia and acute toxicity, hypo- and hypertension, Balkan nephropathy, slowing of motor reflexes in children, nitrate esters dependence. Sources of nitrate, nitrite, and N-nitroso compounds are detailed. Future areas of research are given.
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PMID:The effects of nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds on human health: a review. 830 22

Angiotensin II induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC) is a drug delivery system for augmentation of anti-cancer effects on the experimental basis of the functional difference of microcirculation between tumor and normal tissue. Blood flow in tumor tissue increased selectively when the blood pressure was elevated by the infusion of angiotensin II. Two randomized controlled trials (RCT) for advanced gastric cancer using AFM regimen; a combination of adriamycin (ADM), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and mitomycin (MMC), showed increased response rate by IHC (response rate: IHC/non-IHC; 42.9% vs 10.5% in RCT-1, and 31.3% vs 6.7% in RCT-2, respectively). Toxicities were not different statistically between groups. In phase II for stage IVB gastric cancer patients (the criteria according to the General Rules of the Gastric Cancer Study of Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer), 5 complete response (CR) and 10 partial response (PR) (58%) were observed out of 26 unresectable cases without prior chemotherapy. Moreover, 5 of 15 responders could received curative gastrectomy and obtained conclusive down staging (19%). Here we discuss the role of enhancement of drug delivery for cancer chemotherapy on the basis of a series of clinical and experimental evidences.
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PMID:Angiotensin II (AII) induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC) for unresectable gastric cancer: with reference to resection after down staging. 855 75

Sixty-two overweight gastric cancer patients were compared with 201 normal-weight patients to clarify the influences of excessive weight on the surgical treatment of gastric cancer. The frequencies of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were significantly higher in the overweight group (P < 0.01), but no pathologic differences in the resected tumor were found between the two groups. The operative times were longer (P < 0.01) and the number of lymph nodes extirpated and examined was smaller (P < 0.01) in the overweight group. The incidence of postoperative complications was not higher in the overweight group. The postoperative survival rate of patients with nodal metastasis was statistically lower in the overweight group (P < 0.05). Regarding the causes of death in patients with nodal metastasis, 61.1% of overweight patients and 43.8% of normal-weight patients died of recurrence of gastric cancer. In conclusion, surgical treatment of overweight patients with gastric cancer was found to be technically more difficult and the prognosis of such patients with nodal metastasis may thus be worse than that of their normal-weight counterparts.
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PMID:The influence of excess body weight on the surgical treatment of patients with gastric cancer. 864 17


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