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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The subject of sodium toxicity has been controversial for a long time. There is no question that the element can be noxious when consumed acutely in large quantities and there is little doubt as to cause and effect Conversely the consequences of mederate chronic sodium consumption are much harder to document. The effects are insidious and are subject to modification by a variety of environmental influences such as dietary potassium. In addition most studies of chronic sodium excess have dealt with elusive subject of "essential" hypertension. Interpretations of data have been very difficult, and conflicting reports have occurred. Nevertheless epidemiological, clinical, and animal studies show that chronic excess sodium ingestion acting upon a substrate of genetic susceptibility, is an important etiologic factor in essential hypertension and the expression of its sequelae. Positive correlations have also have been obtained between dietary salt and the incidence of stroke and gastric cancer. Dietary potassium appears to confer some degree of protection from the toxic properties of sodium through some unknown mechanism. Available evidence indicates that a suitable intake of salt for man might be approximately 3.5 g/day and probably less. Salt consumption in most developed countries ranges between 8 to 40 g/day, and modern methods of food processing and preparation deplete the protective potassium. The incidences of hypertension in these countries range between 15 to 40% of their populations, and it exacts a dreadful toll. Recognition of the toxic properties of sodium and knowledge of the mechanisms involved in its toxicity offer great possibilities in the area of preventive medicine It may be possible by the sorting out of hypertension-prone subjects and dietary intervention to prevent or minimize the development of hypertension in susceptible individuals. This says nothing of other aspects of sodium toxicity, of which we are largely ignorant.
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PMID:The toxicity of salt. 35 85

Dyspepsia may result from over-indulgence in alcohol and food, or from anxiety and emotional problems. It may also indicate a peptic ulcer, oesophagitis or less commonly, gallstones or gastric cancer. Investigation by endoscopy or barium studies is always indicated when an organic lesion is suspected. Reassurance, tranquillizers and antispasmodics help patients with functional dyspepsia. Antacids given hourly between meals are important in the treatment of all symptomatic peptic ulcers. Cimetidine causes rapid symptomatic relief of duodenal ulcer symptoms, and most ulcers will heal with six weeks' therapy. Gastric ulcer can be treated with carbenoxolone, but this drug is avoided in the elderly and in patients with cardiac failure or hypertension. Anticholinergic drugs are of value in duodenal ulcer, especially for night pain, but they should not be used in patients over the age of 50. Special diets are of no value. For the heartburn of oesophagitis, weight reduction and a regime of regular antacid therapy remain the important measures.
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PMID:The treatment of dyspepsia. 92 13

A sixty-eight-year-old female with bone metastases from gastric cancer successfully treated with induced hypertension chemotherapy using cisplatin is reported. She had undergone R2 curative subtotal gastrectomy in June 1985, and had orally taken tegafur 600 mg/day and then changed to doxifluridine 800 mg/day as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Five months after the operation she had back pains and both 99mTc-MDP and 67Ga-citrate scintigram showed L1 vertebra and rib bone metastasis. Induced hypertension chemotherapy using cisplatin was then intermittently performed from January 1986 to September 1990, a single course of which was 25 mg/body div x 2/week for serial 4 weeks; a total of seven courses were carried out and consequently the total volume of the administered cisplatin reached 1,100 mg. Neither medullar nor renal toxicities were observed, but mild gastrointestinal symptoms were noted. The patient no longer has back pains, and no signs of bone metastases were seen on both scintigrams for two years and eight months from December 1988 to August 1991. This case is very rare because her bone metastases were successfully treated with induced hypertension chemotherapy using cisplatin. However, metastatic bone tumors from gastric cancer usually resist any treatments. It is expected that the successfully treated patients even with bone metastasis will be increasingly reported from now as various new approaches including induced hypertension chemotherapy are introduced.
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PMID:[A case of gastric cancer with recurrent bone metastases successfully treated with induced hypertension chemotherapy using cisplatin]. 138 79

Worldwide, locally prevailing nutritional traditions account for the occurrence of specific types of cancer. In the Orient, the custom of eating salted, pickled or smoked food parallels the risk of stomach cancer and hypertension-stroke. The underlying mechanisms and relevant carcinogens are partially known. In the Western world, the usual high-fat, low-fiber food is related to risk of cancer of the colon, pancreas, breast, prostate, ovary, and endometrium. The fat component translates to specific promoting mechanisms and fibers reduce risk of colon cancer through dilution of promoters. The associated genotoxic carcinogens may be the heterocyclic amines formed during cooking of meat. Methods have been developed to inhibit their formation. In all situations, a higher intake of vegetables and fruits has led to a lower risk for diverse types of cancer, through varied mechanisms. Based on current knowledge, more wholesome dietary traditions for chronic disease prevention in most countries can be developed.
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PMID:Carcinogenesis in our food and cancer prevention. 165 31

In an attempt to evaluate the effect of induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC) using angiotensin II human, histopathological analysis was performed on stomachs excised from thirteen patients who had advanced gastric carcinoma and were submitted to presurgical cancer chemotherapy. IHC was introduced in randomly chosen eight patients and, in the remaining five patients, chemotherapy was designed under conventional conditions. A common regimen comprising 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, mitomycin C was applied in both the IHC and non-IHC groups. The clinical effect in these patients, assessed prior to surgery, gave rise to the confirmation of three CR patients in the IHC group, while in the non-IHC, PR was the highest score. Histological examination illuminated a patient in the IHC group in whom no viable carcinoma cell proved to remain in the excised stomach, a state meeting the requirements for the highest (Grade 3) effectiveness according to the standard given by the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer. In another two patients of the same group, the effect was Grade 2, i.e., the degeneration and loss of carcinoma cells in the major part of tumor. In contrast, the effect in the non-IHC group was Grade 1b at the highest, where chemotherapy-associated degeneration and necrosis did not predominate over one third of tumor area. Thus, the mean histological score was apparently higher in the IHC than in the non-IHC group, with a difference significant at p less than 0.05 by Wilcoxon's test. Patients clinically evaluated as effective tended to be so pathologically as well, as shown by Spearman's rank correlation test which gave a significant correlation between the clinical and pathological scores.
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PMID:[The effect of induced hypertension chemotherapy using angiotensin II human in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma--a histopathological evaluation on the excised stomachs]. 201 98

A study was made of the response rates of primary and metastatic lesions of advanced gastric cancer patients receiving chemotherapy from 1978 to 1987. The patients administered adriamycin (ADR), 5-FU, mitomycin C (MMC) or their analogues showed a response rate of 12.2% (5/41) in primary lesions, 15.9% (7/44) in liver metastases and 20.0% (4/20) in lymphnode metastases, respectively. The response rates were 14.3% (5/35) in primary lesions 16.7% (6/36) in liver metastases and 12.5% (2/16) in lymphnode metastases from chemotherapy using at least two kinds of the above drugs. No significant difference was seen among the response rates per above. By elevating blood pressure induced with angiotensin II, selective increase in blood flow in tumor tissue but no increase in normal tissue was observed experimentally (JNCI, 67, 663, 1981). This finding was clinically applied to cancer chemotherapy, termed Induced Hypertension Chemotherapy (IHC) for enhancing selective drug delivery to tumor tissue. The response rates were 47.6% (10/21) in primary lesions, 28.6% (2/7) in liver metastases and 81.8% (9/11) in lymphnode metastases when combination chemotherapy mainly with ADR, 5-FU and MMC with IHC was performed. Although the response rates were better than the results without IHC, the liver metastases did not indicate any statistical differences. The metastatic lesions in the lymphnode indicated a higher response than that of the primary lesions in the group treated with IHC, but no significant difference was seen. As to the primary lesions and the lymphnode metastases, the treatment with IHC showed higher response rates than those without IHC. It is conceivable that the results obtained would clinically prove the mechanism of selective drug delivery to tumor tissue as described in the experiment stated above. To detect the cause of unsatisfactory response rates of liver metastases, further clinical analysis of accumulated cases may be required.
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PMID:[Chemotherapeutic effect on metastatic tumors]. 249 64

Epidemiologic evidence shows a strong relationship between gastric cancer and cerebrovascular disease. It was speculated that salt intake might be the linking factor causing hypertension and vascular damage as well as damage to the gastric mucosa. This study tested whether hypertensive diseases, such as ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, occurred more frequently in patients with gastric cancer and gastric ulcer than expected by chance alone. In addition, it was studied whether gastric and duodenal ulcer coincided more frequently with other diseases that in the past have been associated with peptic ulcer, such as liver cirrhosis, chronic lung disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. The German statistics of rehabilitation were used to assess the frequency of coincidences. The statistics include a description of the primary, secondary, and tertiary diagnoses leading to rehabilitation. This study confirms the presence of a high coincidence of both ulcer types with liver cirrhosis. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, both ulcer types also occurred more frequently than expected from their general distribution. Gastric but not duodenal ulcer coincided more frequently with ischemic heart disease than expected. Gastric cancer occurred more frequently in patients who had concomitant ischemic heart disease or cerebrovascular disease. Duodenal ulcer was not associated with an increased risk for any disease related to hypertension. The results of the study support the contention that gastric diseases and diseases related to hypertension share a common etiologic factor.
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PMID:Concordant occurrence of gastric and hypertensive diseases. 337 23

The age-adjusted rates of stomach cancer in men and women aged 45-74 years tended to decrease in different countries in Europe between 3.0% and 5.3% per year over the last 10-15 years. East European countries had generally higher stomach cancer death rates than West European countries, and of these Austria and Finland had the highest rates. Stroke mortality decreased in West European countries in a similar way; the underlying factor might be salt intake. Between and also within West European countries a positive association has been found between changes in salt intake and trends in both stomach cancer and stroke mortality. In most East European countries, stroke mortality has increased. The greatest annual increases were in Poland and Czechoslovakia ranging between 2.9% and 4.8%. Thus, although the decline in stomach cancer mortality in Europe suggests a general reduction of salt intake, this alone was not sufficient to result in a decline in stroke mortality in East European countries. The stroke-salt intake association in East European countries might have been modified by other factors such as increased fat intake and obesity causing high blood pressure. Further studies are therefore needed to clarify the role of salt intake as a linking factor of stomach cancer and stroke.
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PMID:Trends in stroke and stomach cancer in Austria compared to selected Eastern and Western European countries. 356 29

We performed angiotension-induced hypertension cancer chemotherapy in a patient with unresectable gastric cancer with invasion to the pancreatic head and lymphatic metastases along the common hepatic and celiac arteries. At re-operation, the tumor size was remarkably decreased and we were able to perform curative subtotal gastrectomy without invasion and metastases. The pathological specimen showed no malignant cells at postoperation.
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PMID:[A gastric cancer patient who underwent curative resection by angiotension-induced hypertension cancer chemotherapy]. 642 2

Selective increase in blood flow in tumor tissue by elevation of blood pressure induced with angiotensin II was observed, but no increase was noted in normal but tissue in rat. This result was found to be the cause of the lack of autoregulation of blood flow system in tumor tissue. This finding was clinically applied to cancer chemotherapy for enhancing drug delivery to tumor tissue selectively. Since 1978, clinical trials on induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC) have been performed in 102 cases with various advanced cancers based on the results of animal experiments. A three-drug regimen with adriamycin, 5-FU and mitomycin C or adriamycin, vincristine and carboquone was mainly used in this study. Among 84 cases acceptable for evaluation, the treatment was evaluated as CR in 8 cases and PR in 33 cases. The overall response rate was 48.6%, and the response rate for carcinoma of the stomach was 50.0% (9/18). In the randomized controlled study, a marked enhancement of the clinical response rate for stomach cancer was observed as follows; 42.9% for IHC and 10.5% for the controls. Furthermore, the clinical response to IHC could dated earlier by this method. in earlier period after the onset of the treatment. From these results, it was concluded that IHC provides a new approach to cancer chemotherapy in method of its increase in drug delivery to tumor tissues selectively.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on induced hypertension chemotherapy based on functional characteristics of microcirculation of tumor vessels]. 642 80


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