Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the possible causes of chronic renal failure (CRF) in Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital (ISTH) in Hadramout, Yemen. Fifty-one CRF patients (29 men and 22 women) on regular hemodialysis were included in the study. Glomerulonephritis (25.4%) was the commonest cause of CRF, followed by obstructive nephropathy (13.7%), hypertension (11.8%), pyelonephrits (11.8%), diabetic nephropathy (7.8%), arthritis, malaria, vasculitis and postpartum hemorrhage (5.9% each) and the least common one was Alport's syndrome (3.9%). There were more men than women (57% and 43%, respectively). The mean age range of the patients was 42 years. More patients were the from coast of Mukalla than from the valley and desert (59% and 41%) respectively.
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PMID:Causes of Chronic Renal Failure in Hemodialysis Unit: a single center experience in Yemen. 1729 42

To inform our understanding of male and female health care use, we assessed sex differences in hospital admissions by diagnosis and for in-patient mortality using discharge records for 210319 patients admitted to the Lacor Hospital in northern Uganda in the period 1992-2004. These differences were interpreted using a gender framework. The overall number of admissions was similar by sex, yet differences emerged among age groups. In children (0-14 years), malaria was the leading cause of admission, and the distribution of diseases was similar between sexes. Among 15-44 year olds, females had more admissions, overall, and for malaria, cancer and anaemia, in addition to delivery and gynaeco-obstetrical conditions (25.7% of female admissions). Males had more admissions for injuries, liver disease and tuberculosis in the same age group. In older persons (>or=45 years), women had more admissions for cancer, hypertension, malaria and diarrhoea, while, as for the previous age group, males had more admissions for injuries, liver disease and tuberculosis. This study provides insight into sex- and gender-related differences in health. The analysis and documentation of these differences are crucial for improving service delivery and for assessing the achievement of the dual goals of improving health status and reducing health inequalities.
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PMID:Differences in hospital admissions for males and females in northern Uganda in the period 1992-2004: a consideration of gender and sex differences in health care use. 1759 Mar 96

CD36 is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the class B scavenger receptor family. The CD36 gene is located on chromosome 7 q11.2 and is encoded by 15 exons. Defective CD36 is a likely candidate gene for impaired fatty acid metabolism, glucose intolerance, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, Alzheimer disease, and modification of the clinical course of malaria. Contradictory data concerning the effects of antiatherosclerotic drugs on CD36 expression indicate that further investigation of the role of CD36 in the development of atherosclerosis may be important for the prevention and treatment of this disease. This review summarizes current knowledge of CD36 gene structure, splicing, and mutations and the molecular, metabolic, and clinical consequences of these phenomena.
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PMID:Molecular basis of human CD36 gene mutations. 1767 38

This descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among all the female traders in Sango market, Ibadan in, April 2003. The aim of the study was to identify the common health problems of women traders in Sango and their work conditions. The most commonly reported health problems were muscular and joint pains by 105 (37.4%), 95 (33.8%) had symptoms suggestive of malaria and 66 (23.5%) had chronic low back pain. The prevalence of muscular and joint pain was highest among respondents aged > 60yrs (p=0.023), and among those who spent eight to ten hours per day in the market (p=0.200). On examination 56 (19.9%) were hypertensive, 88 (31.3%) and 97 (16.7%) were overweight and obese respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was associated with increasing age and obesity (p=0.000). The common health problems among these female traders were muscular and joint pain, symptoms suggestive of malaria, chronic low back pain and hypertension. It is recommended that appropriate health interventions be instituted to address these problems.
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PMID:Work conditions and health problems of female traders in Ibadan, Nigeria. 1787 91

The epidemiology of pregnancy malaria infection and disease is complex but reflects underlying interactions between the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, the mother, and the foetus. Parasites sequester in the human placenta by binding to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA), a novel receptor that does not commonly support binding of other parasites. Women become resistant to P. falciparum malaria over successive pregnancies as they acquire antibodies against the CSA-binding placental parasite forms. Due to acquired immunity, placental malaria is briefer and less inflammatory in multigravid women than primigravid women, and these parity differences may account for the different outcomes these women and their offspring experience. Commonly recognized sequelae of malaria-like maternal anaemia and low birth weight primarily occur in first and second pregnancies. Hypertension may result from maternal-foetal conflict over the inflammatory response to placental malaria, and occurs in young, first-time mothers. Placental malaria can either increase or decrease parasitaemia risk in the offspring, depending on the mother's parity. The burden of disease due to pregnancy malaria, and the benefits of an effective vaccine, may be much greater than is currently appreciated.
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PMID:Plasmodium in the placenta: parasites, parity, protection, prevention and possibly preeclampsia. 1795 23

The birth and mortality rates in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), a former Belgian colony, are high, i.e., 48.9/1000 and 17/1000 respectively. The DRC also has one of the highest maternal death rates in the world, i.e., 1289/100,000 live births. Health conditions have not improved since independence. Access to drinking water is limited, living conditions are poor, and food availability in households is low. The mean health services utilization rate in the DRC is estimated to be 0.15 visits/inhabitant/year. The incidence of transmissible diseases is rising. This increase is observed even for illnesses that were under control before independence such as sleeping sickness, onchocerciasis, leprosy, and tuberculosis. One the main causes of mortality and morbidity in the population is malaria that is responsible for the deaths of 150,000 to 250,000 children under the age of 5 every year. The HIV prevalence rate is 4.5% with 1.19 million persons with AIDS and 930,000 orphans whose parents died of AIDS. Other potentially epidemic diseases including bubonic plaque and Ebola hemorrhagic fever are serious threats. Non-transmissible diseases are also on the rise including diabetes, systemic arterial hypertension, cancer and neglected diseases such as sickle cell anemia. To meet these challenges, the country's health authorities have established a program called the Strategy for Reinforcement of the Health System (SRHS). One goal of the SRHS is to develop health zones in order to improve access to quality health care for the whole population.
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PMID:[Medicine and health in the Democratic Republic of Congo: from Independence to the Third Republic]. 1822 27

According to the World Health Organization low birth weight (LBW) babies are those born with less than 2500g. A descriptive retrospective cross - sectional study using existing data from a one-year (2001) block of birth registers of 3464 pregnant women was done at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in Moshi, Tanzania. The objective was to determine factors associated with LBW and their contribution to the problem. Out of 648 pregnant women who were tested for HIV infection 59 (9.1%) were positive for the infection. Twelve (20.3%) of HIV positive women gave birth to LBW neonates. HIV positive women were twice more likely to give birth to LBW infants than HIV negative ones (chi2 = 6.7; P < 0.01; OR = 2.4; 1.1, 5.1). Mothers without formal education were 4 times more likely to give birth to LBW neonates than those who had attained higher education (OR = 3.6; 2.2, 5.9). There was a linear decrease in low birth weights of newborns as fraternal educational level increased (chi2 for linear trend = 42.7; P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference among parents' occupations regarding LBW of their newborns. Unmarried mothers were more likely to give birth to LBW neonates as compared to their married counterparts (OR = 1.65; 1.2, 2.2) and the difference was statistically significant (chi2 = 13.0, P < 0.01). Hypertension, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia disease complex had the highest prevalence (46.67%) and population attributable fraction of low birth weight (PAF = 25.2%; CI = 22.0-27.6). Bleeding and schistosomiasis had the same prevalence (33.33%) of LBW babies. Other complications and diseases which contributed to high prevalence of LBW included anaemia (25%), thromboembolic diseases (20%), tuberculosis (17%) and malaria (14.8%). Prevalence of LBW was high in women with premature rupture of membrane (38%), placenta previa (17%) and abruption of placenta (15.5%). LBW was strongly associated with gestational age below 37 weeks (OR = 2; CI = 1.5, 2.8) contributing to 42% of LBW deliveries in the study population (PAF = 42.4%: 25, 55). Pregnant women with malnutrition (BMI < 18) gave the highest proportions 17% of LBW children followed by underweight (BMI; 18-22) who gave 15.5% of LBW neonates. There was a statistical significant difference between the proportions of LBW infants from mothers who did not receive antenatal care (28.6%) and those who attended for the services (13.8%) (chi2 = 8.8; P = 0.01). There is need of increasing promotion of reproductive health services in relation to safe motherhood at community level in order to reduce risk factors of LBW.
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PMID:Risk factors associated with low birth weight of neonates among pregnant women attending a referral hospital in northern Tanzania. 1868 Sep 58

In this retrospective, personal review covering our research from the late 1980s until 2007, we outline nearly two-decade worth of our own work on several aspartic protease inhibitors including those affecting renin, HIV-1 protease, plasmepsins, beta-secretase, and HTLV-I protease and we report on aspartic protease inhibitors as potential drugs to treat hypertension, AIDS, malaria, Alzheimer's disease and adult T-cell leukemia, HTLV-I associated myelopathy / tropical spastic paraparesis, and various, respectively, associated diseases. Herein, we describe our methods for rational substrate-based drug design of peptidomimetics that potently inhibit the activity of renin, HIV-1 protease, plasmepsins, beta-secretase, and HTLV-I protease accordingly, using an appropriately selected inhibitory residue that contained a hydroxymethylcarbonyl isostere. Although this non-hydrolyzable isostere mimics the transition state that is formed during protein cleavage of a substrate, the isostere-containing inhibitor is not cleaved. We highlight our optimization studies in which we used various techniques and tools such as truncation studies, natural and non-natural amino acid substitution studies, various moieties to promote chemical and pharmacological stability, X-ray crystallography, computer-assisted docking and dynamic simulations, quantitative structure-activity relationship studies, and various other methods that this review can barely mention.
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PMID:Design of potent aspartic protease inhibitors to treat various diseases. 1876 14

Viral hepatitis is common in Nigeria and may present with jaundice in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of viral hepatitis among other aetiological factors, to the development of jaundice during pregnancy. Data on viral hepatitis among gravidae with jaundice in pregnancy over a 10-year period from 1st January 1992 through 31st December 2001 were retrieved and analyzed. Fifty-two cases of jaundice in pregnancy were seen among 16,566 pregnancies registered in the hospital over the 10-year period. Of the 52 cases of jaundice in pregnancy, only 48 case records were retrievable, on which this analysis is based. Viral hepatitis (VH) occurred in 1 in 591.6 pregnancies and was diagnosed in 28 (58.3%) cases of jaundice in pregnancy. Other causes of jaundice were malaria 8 (16.7%), sickle-cell anaemia in pregnancy 6 (12.5%) and sepsis 2 (4.2%). Of the 28 patients with viral hepatitis, 8 (28.5%) were positive for HBsAg. The liver function tests (LFTs) were done in 26 of the 28 patients and it showed hyperbilirubinaemia in 24, 11 had serum albumin >3.5 g/dl. All had spontaneous vaginal delivery with no maternal death. Complications associated with viral hepatitis were, anaemia 14 (50%), intrauterine growth retardation (14.3%), intrauterine foetal death 2 (7.1%), congestive cardiac failure 1 (3.57%) early neonatal death 1 (3.57%) and 2 (7.1%) cases of systemic hypertension. Viral hepatitis contributes significantly to jaundice in pregnancy and there is associated fetal and maternal morbidity.
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PMID:Viral hepatitis in the aetiogenesis of jaundice in pregnancy at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. 1920 72

Management of women's health seldom includes cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in spite of CVD being the most common cause of death in females being even more common than cancer, HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined. According to the World Heart Federation, CVD is indisputably the most serious, neglected health problem for women in both the developing and the developed worlds. A possible reason may be that CVD has traditionally been perceived as a 'man's illness'. Since 6 out of 10 deaths from CVD can be prevented, it is of utmost importance that there is more general awareness about CVD in women. The most important factors for developing CVD are dyslipidaemia, hypertension, smoking, stress, diabetes, obesity (especially abdominal fat distribution), physical inactivity, poor eating habits and possibly excessive alcohol intake. Some unique risk factors for CVD exist in women; of which older age at presentation is a major one as they are more likely to suffer from co-morbidities such as diabetes and hypertension.
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PMID:Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women. 1940 46


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