Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can induce a shift in prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis. The effects of EPA supplementation of the diet on the progression of chronic renal failure (CRF) were evaluated in a model of 5/6 renal mass ablation in rats. After 30 or 60 days of CRF, elevation in single-nephron glomerular filtration rate due to an increase in glomerular plasma flow and hydraulic pressure was observed. These hemodynamic alterations were followed by a rise in proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis. EPA treatment for 30 or 60 days did not substantially modify the hemodynamic or morphological profiles induced by renal mass ablation. In the present non-immune model of CRF, preglomerular vasodilation with glomerular hyperperfusion and hypertension were responsible, at least in part, for the presence of proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis. No additional vasodilation was observed in the present model of CRF, and, thus, hemodynamic effects induced by EPA did not modify renal damage, in contrast to the EPA effects observed in immune-mediated models of CRF.
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PMID:Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on the progression of chronic renal failure in rats. 130 Apr 41

Human recombinant erythropoietin (r-HuEPO, EprexR) was administered to 8 children with chronic renal failure and high transfusion requirement. The hormone was given i.v. 2-3 times per week at the end of the dialysis. The selected initial dose (160 U/kg/week) was gradually raised up to a maximum of 400 U/kg/week. Anaemia normalised by the tenth week. The aimed target haematocrit was 0.33, the average maintenance dose was 250-300 U/kg/week. The absolute reticulocyte count seemed to be a more sensitive indicator of the actual erythropoietin effect than the haematocrit level. No major adverse effects (convulsion, progressive hypertension, thrombosis) were observed during treatment with r-HuEPO. The need for transfusions decreased dramatically, no transfusion was needed following the second week of treatment. The general condition improved substantially. In one hyperimmunized child the cytotoxic antibody titer decreased by 75 per cent.
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PMID:The use of human recombinant erythropoietin in children on chronic dialysis. 130 91

The original observation by de Bold et al. (1981) of a rapid, massive, and short-lasting diuretic and natriuretic effect following injection of rat atrial extracts into intact rats, led to the identification, isolation and purification of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). ANF is stored in atrial myocytes and released into the blood stream by atrial distension. Available data suggest that the mechanism of ANF-induced natriuresis involves either renal hemodynamic effects, such as the increase in glomerular filtration rate and reduction of medullary tonicity, or direct effect on sodium transport in the medullary collecting ducts. ANF induces relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, decreases blood pressure and cardiac output. All these effects displayed by ANF are associated to the an inhibition of aldosterone, renin and vasopressin release. Most of these actions are mediated by specific high affinity receptors, which are coupled to a particulate guanylate cyclase. Although ANF levels are increased in some disorders, such as severe heart failure, hypertension, chronic renal failure, the role of the peptide is uncertain. To better define the potential physiopathological role and the possible therapeutic implications of this new hormonal system in conditions of disturbed body fluid and sodium homeostasis, further experimental and clinical data must be awaited.
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PMID:[The physiopathological aspects of the atrial natriuretic factor]. 131 27

A humoral inhibitor of the membrane calcium pump was studied in plasma from 28 normal controls, 33 patients receiving long-term hemodialysis, and 26 with chronic renal failure (CRF; creatinine clearance range was 6 to 97 ml/min). Calcium pump activity was measured as the rate of Sr2+ efflux in normal erythrocytes (RBCs) loaded with Sr2+ (a substitute of Ca2+ in the calcium pump). Plasma, and plasma ultrafiltrates from hemodialysis patients strongly inhibited calcium pump activity compared with controls without plasma (36 +/- 18 vs. 25 +/- 12, %INHIBITION/CONTROL, P < 0.05). Inhibition markedly decreased with acute hemodialysis (16 +/- 12 vs. 5 +/- 14, %INHIBITION/NORMAL PLASMA, N = 15, P < 0.001). In CRF, degree of inhibition correlated with the serum creatinine concentration (r = 0.75, P < 0.001). A kinetic study showed that plasma decreased the maximal rate of the Ca2+ pumps (Vmax) without affecting the apparent affinity for internal cations (KSr). Moreover, the plasma inhibitory factor had a low molecular weight, and was dialyzable and heat stable. In conclusion, we found evidence for an RBC membrane calcium pump inhibitor in uremic plasma, which correlates with the degree of renal insufficiency. Possibly, it may increase calcium content in RBCs and other cells and could thus be related to uremic toxicity and/or hypertension.
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PMID:A circulating inhibitor of the RBC membrane calcium pump in chronic renal failure. 133 28

The use of anthropometric measurements of triceps (TSF) and subscapular skinfolds (SSF) and mid-upper arm muscle circumference (MAMC) was examined as far as the diagnosis of energy-protein malnutrition (EPM) is concerned. The study was undertaken in five groups of patients (n = 231): arterial hypertension (AH, n = 63), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, n = 17), hemodialyzed chronic renal failure (CRF, n = 19), critically ill patients with an acute event (CA, n = 42) and critically ill patients with chronic diseases (CCD, n = 90). The results were compared to those obtained in a group of healthy individuals (control group, n = 102). The control group and the group of patients were allocated in subgroups according to sex and age (less than 50 and more than 50 years). It was expected that significant differences would be found for the anthropometric values between the control subgroups and the COPD, the CRF and the CCD subgroups of patients. For the skinfold thicknesses (TSF and SSF), significant differences were found between CRF, CCD subgroups and the control subgroups under fifty years of age; however, the differences were not significant when the subgroups over fifty were analyzed. Concerning the MAMC, significant differences were found: 1 degree) between the CRF subgroups (males and females) and the control subgroups under fifty years of age; 2 degrees) between the CCD male subgroups (younger and older subgroups) and the respective control subgroups and 3 degrees) between the COPD and the control subgroups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The use of skinfolds and of the muscle circumference of the upper arm in the diagnosis of protein-energy malnutrition in adults patients: a critical study]. 134 Jun 6

Two female patients who developed acute renal failure secondary to the use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for hypertension are presented. None had renal artery stenosis on angiography or duplex doppler ultrasound examination. A 66 year old patient with a single functioning kidney recovered basal renal function; the other patient, aged 77 years, remained with a permanent severe renal damage. Risk factors were advanced age, mild chronic renal failure due to nephrosclerosis and diuretic use. We conclude that acute renal failure related to ACE inhibitors may be severe and can occur even in patients without renal artery stenosis. Diuretics, associated to ACE inhibitors, should be prescribed with caution, specially in older hypertensive patients with pre-existing chronic renal failure. Diabetic patients are at special risk due to the high incidence of small vessel disease in them.
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PMID:[Acute renal insufficiency secondary to the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in 2 patients without renal artery stenosis]. 134 Sep 49

The study concerns 105 cases of dominant polycystic kidney disease. Affected relatives were observed in 65% of patients. The clinical features that leads to diagnosis were lumbar pain in 37.5% of cases, renal failure in 24.6% of cases and hypertension in 15.1% of cases. Hypertension was observed in 46.7% of cases and it seems that its onset is independent of chronic renal failure. Its frequency is of 55.1% when only kidneys were affected and of 21.4% when the liver was affected too. The progression of chronic renal failure is influenced by hypertension.
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PMID:[Dominant polycystic renal disease. Study of 105 cases]. 134 29

Nitric oxide (NO), synthesised from L-arginine, contributes to the regulation of blood pressure and to host defence. We describe in-vitro and in-vivo evidence that NO synthesis can be inhibited by an endogenous compound, NG,NG-dimethylarginine (asymmetrical dimethylarginine, ADMA). In man, this inhibitor is found in plasma and more than 10 mg is excreted in urine over 24 h. However, in patients with end-stage chronic renal failure, who have little or no urine output, elimination is blocked and circulating concentrations of the inhibitor rise sufficiently to inhibit NO synthesis. Accumulation of endogenous ADMA, leading to impaired NO synthesis, might contribute to the hypertension and immune dysfunction associated with chronic renal failure.
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PMID:Accumulation of an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis in chronic renal failure. 134 93

The efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of carvedilol were investigated in an open trial performed on 13 hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure and six additional patients requiring hemodialysis. In hypertensive renal failure patients, treatment with carvedilol (5 mg/day) for 1 week produced a significant decrease in blood pressure (from 172/101 to 146/84 mm Hg) but did not change the heart rate. The pharmacokinetics of carvedilol did not change with repeated administration, and there was no accumulation of this drug. In hemodialysis patients with hypertension, the pharmacokinetics of carvedilol after a single dose of 10 mg did not vary between dialysis and nondialysis days, and blood pressure decreased significantly on both days. In addition, there was no accumulation of carvedilol during a 4-week trial of therapy, and blood pressure was decreased significantly from 170/93 to 145/83 mm Hg. There were no side effects and no abnormal laboratory findings noted during the trial. These results indicate that carvedilol is an effective and safe agent for hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure and for hemodialysis patients with hypertension and that dosage adjustments are probably not required in these clinical situations.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of carvedilol in hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure and hemodialysis patients. 137 34

Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, can be associated with significant morbidity when prescribed in large doses. We describe a hypoparathyroid patient with vitamin D intoxication who developed painful periarticular calcinosis, nephrocalcinosis with hypertension and chronic renal failure in addition to band keratopathy and hearing loss. He was treated with combination therapy including prednisone, phosphate-binding antacid, phenytoin and disodium etidronate. After 20 months of follow-up there was a significant reduction of periarticular calcinosis, but no improvement in renal function, band keratopathy or hearing loss and possible calcification of the ossicles. The clinicopathologic features of metastatic calcification and the various treatment modalities are reviewed.
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PMID:Calcinosis and metastatic calcification due to vitamin D intoxication. A case report and review. 139 78


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