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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An indirect method of blood pressure measurement was evaluated in 169 dogs, including 114 that were hospitalized because of a variety of diseases, 10 clinically normal dogs presented for neutering, and 45 privately owned, clinically normal dogs. Measurements correlated well with values obtained by simultaneous direct arterial puncture. Normotension was considered to be 130 to 180 mm of Hg, systolic, and 60 to 95 mm of Hg, diastolic. As a group, 20 dogs with advanced renal disease had significant (P less than 0.001) hypertension, compared with the groups of clinically normal dogs. Of 94 dogs with a variety of diseases exclusive of renal disease, 10 had hypertension and 2 had hypotension.
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PMID:Blood pressure measurement in the dog. 89 23

One hundred thirty-one nulliparous patients between 28 to 34 weeks' gestation with no known history of renal disease or hypertension were placed in the left lateral recumbent position and their blood pressures were taken once and recorded. They then turned to the supine position where another blood pressure was taken within 2 minutes and also recorded. All these patients were then followed routinely throught their pregnancy, labor, delivery, and postpartum period. Of those patients whose diastolic blood pressure during the modified "roll-over" test rose less than 15 mmHg, only 2 of 99 developed pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Of those whose roll-over test showed an increase of more than 15 mmHg, 23 of 32 developed PIH (P less than .000000001). Of those whose blood pressure during the roll-over developed PIH(P less than .00000001). Also, 10 of 11 patients whose diastolic blood pressure increased more than 25 mmHg during the roll-over test developed PIH (P less than .000000001).
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PMID:A simple test for predicting pregnancy-induced hypertension. 90 70

Seventy-two records of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were reviewed retrospectively. Sixty-one fulfilled the criteria for the disease. Forty-six percent had clinical evidence of central nervous system involvement. The incidence of headache was compared in those with and without central nervous system lupus. No difference in the frequency of headache in the two groups was found and the incidence of hypertension, renal disease and steroid therapy was equally distributed among those with and without headache. A significantly higher incidence of hypertension was found in patients with central nervous system lupus erythematosus. We conclude that headache in systemic lupus erythematosus in the absence of neurologic symptoms or signs is no indication of central nervous system involvement by the process and that small vessel disease of the brain is not a cause of headache.
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PMID:[Headache in the pathology of small cerebral blood vessels: study of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. 93 32

Hypertensive patients with various renal lesions and a mean plasma creatinine of 2mg/100ml showed increases (p is less than 0.05) in mean exchangeable sodium and plasma renin activity, while blood volume was not altered significantly. Patients with mild renal failure and normal blood pressure demonstrated no consistent abnormalities in these parameters. Blood pressure correlated significantly with exchangeable sodium and with the 'sodium-renin' and 'blood volume-renin' products; but not with circulating renin or volume individually. This suggests that subtle abnormalities in the physiological sodium/volume-renin feedback mechanism may occur already in the earliest stages of renal disease and may contribute to the hypertension in such patients.
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PMID:Blood pressure, circulating renin and the body sodium/volume state in patients with mild renal failure. 93 20

Renal disease was detected in 21 of 56 progeny from a specific line of inbred Norwegian Elkhound (NE) dogs. Results of hematologic and clinical chemistry examinations revealed that minor differences existed between affected and nonaffected NE dogs. Of 21 NE dogs with renal disease, 3 had persistent glucosuria without hyperglycemia. The 21 affected dogs had impaired ability to concentrate urine. According to renal function tests, glomerular filtration rate of normal NE dogs was less than that of normal mixed breed dogs. Although a few affected NE dogs excreted large amounts of amino acids in urine, statistically significant differences did not exist between normal and affected NE dogs with regard to alpha-amino acid nitrogen content of their plasma or urine. By paper chromatographic separation techniques, free amino acids of plasma, urine, and extracts of liver and kidney were not qualitatively different for mixed breed dogs, normal NE, and NE with renal disease. Statistically significant differences were not detected between serum calcium concentrations of normal and affected NE dogs. In NE dogs with renal disease, there was significant hypercalciuria, but a few normal dogs excreted more than did some dogs with disease. Blood pressure values of normal mixed breed dogs and affected NE dogs were similar. It was concluded that hematologic and blood chemical abnormalities, derangement of amino acid or calcium metabolism, and hypertension were not associated with renal disease in these NE dogs.
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PMID:Familial renal disease in Norwegian Elkhound dogs: physiologic and biochemical examinations. 94 38

The frequency of underlying renal or renal artery disease, and the incidence of vascular complications were reviewed in a series of 136 cases of primary hyperaldosteronism. This was in order to investigate the possible existence of 'tertiary' hyperaldosteronism, and to examine the commonly held view that primary hyperaldosteronism is a relatively benign form of hypertension. Ten cases (7-4 per cent) had evidence of renal artery stenosis and eleven (8-1 per cent) parenchymatous renal disease. In comparison with the reported frequency in large general series of hypertensives, these data show no evidence of an excess of underlying renal disease. It is unlikely, therefore, that autonomous aldosterone secreting adenomata occur commonly as a consequence of prolonged secondary hyperaldosteronism. Four cases (2-9 per cent) had evidence of the malignant-phase of hypertension, and over a mean observation time of 5-9 years, 31 cases (22-8 per cent) developed 39 vascular complications. It appears, therefore, that vascular complications are not rare in primary hyperaldosteronism, and early and effective treatment is thus necessary.
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PMID:Renal abnormalities and vascular complications in primary hyperaldosteronism. Evidence on tertiary hyperaldosteronism. 94 42

Overt hypertension, developing in about 5% of Pill users, and increases in blood pressure (but within normal limits) in many more is believed to be the result of changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, particularly a consistent and marked increase in the plasma renin substrate concentrations. The mechanisms for the hypertensive response are unclear since normal women may demonstrate marked changes in the renin system. In in vitro testing, in which renin was added in a constant amount to the serum of patients with oral contraceptive-induced hypertension, the capacity to generate angiotensin 2 was found to increase linearly with increases in substrate levels. These responses were maintained as much as 2 or more times that of normal. In normal subjects plasma renin in "excess" is absent, suggesting the possibility of some regulation mechanism. The ef fect of the volume component on angiotensin secretion caused by the estrogens in oral contraceptives could further explain the Pill-induced hypertension. A failure of the kidneys to fully suppress renal renin secretion could thus be an important predisposing factor. These observations provide guidelines for the prescription of oral contraceptives. A baseline blood pressure measurement should be obtained, and blood pressure and weight should be followed at 2- or 3-month intervals during treatment. Oral contraceptive therapy should be contraindicated for individuals with a history of hypertension, renal disease, toxemia, or fluid retention. A positive family history of hypertension, women for whom long-term therapy is indicated, and groups such as blacks, especially prone to hypertensive phenomena, are all relative contraindications for the Pill.
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PMID:Oral contraceptives--induced hypertension--nine years later. 96 41

As a result of industrial and medical progress, man is exposed to an ever changing array of chemicals, drugs and biological products. The kidneys are extremely vulnerable to chronic toxic effects of these substances. Although acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome and renal tubular disorders result from acute nephrotoxicity, chronic renal failure with renal failure and hypertension result from chronic nephrotoxicity. Heavy metals, analgesic agents and antimicrobials are the common nephrotoxic substance producing chronic renal disease. Medical management consists of preventive exposure measures and early detection of nephrotoxicity by modern industrial medicine. In addition, early clinical diagnosis with appropriate management may prevent the need for chronic hemodialysis and renal transplantation.
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PMID:Chronic toxic nephropathies--diagnosis and management. 96 94

A retrospective analysis of 235 patients at the National Institutes of Health who met at least five criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) indicated that 45% were hypertensive. Approximately two thirds of these hypertensive patients had creatinine clearances of more than 60 ml/min and nonnephrotic range proteinuria. Only 16% of normotensive patients had creatinine clearances of less than 60 ml/m9n. A subgroup of 36 patients with SLE and with biopsy-proved diffuse renal disease were studied. For these patients, the presence of hypertension could not be correlated with the degree of proteinuria or hematuria, with the level of serum complement, or with the presence of casts, focal necrosis, crescent formation, or interstitial inflammation. Hypertensive patients had a median age of 24.5 years; the majority had creatinine clearances of more than 60 ml/min. In SLE, hypertension is not necessarily associated with advanced renal disease, and high blood pressure may occur relatively early in the course of the disease.
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PMID:Hypertension and renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. 96 43

Although patients taking phenformin are more likely to develop lactic acidosis in the presence of renal, cardiovascular, or hepatic disease, criteria for safe use of the drug are not well established. Eight diabetics died of lactic acidosis in Nottingham in 1972-5 and all were taking phenformin in therapeutic doses. Six had attended the diabetic clinic within a month of their terminal illness. Two patients had appreciable renal impairment and should not have been given phenformin. Four had hypertension and minimal evidence of renal disease, while in two no predisposing factor was identified. There are so many contraindications to the use of phenformin that it is doubtful whether patients on the drug can be monitored adequately. We suggest that phenformin should be withdrawn from general use.
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PMID:Can phenformin-induced lactic acidosis be prevented? 97 10


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