Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Analysis is carried out of the clinical, pathomorphological and immunological characteristic of lupus nephropathy in 62 patients, 56 females and 6 males. A series of new investigation methods were used for that purpose. An early tendency towards kidney involvement in the course of LED is established and in 22 of the patients (36%) the renal symptoms have been the first clinical manifestations of the basic illness. Lupus nephropathy progresses most often with a nephrosis syndrome (in 66.1% of the patients), rarely pure and not combined with hypertension and/or with renal insufficiency. The pathomorphological changes are rather multiform but in the majority of the cases almost all structural elements of glomerules and the rest of the renal tissue are affected. The clinical picture severity, histopathological changes and nephropathy evolution course were established to be distinctly dependent on the course acuteness of the basic morbid process. The importance of the detailed study of the clinico-morphological and immune characteristic of lupus nephropathy upon the timely diagnosis. Proper treatment and the prognosis assessment of the illness is stressed upon.
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PMID:[Clinical morphological and immunological characteristics of lupus nephropathy]. 7 Aug 87

Urinary activity of the enzyme, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (N.A.G.) was examined as a screening test for renal disease in patients with hypertension. Renal disease was present in 64% of patients with increased N.A.G., compared with only 14% of patients with normal N.A.G. The measurement of N.A.G. is cheap and convenient and this simple test warrants further assessment in hypertension as a guide to the need for further investigation.
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PMID:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase: A new approach to the screening of hypertensive patients for renal disease. 8 60

Circulating antibodies against certain nuclear acidic protein antigens have been shown to have diagnostic and prognostic importance in connective tissue disease. We describe a new precipitin system found in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The antigen, called MA, was prepared from calf thymus nuclei, and was shown to be distinct from other nuclear acidic protein antigens by physicochemical and immunologic techniques. MA antibodies were detected in the serum of 12 of 66 lupus patients and in none of 554 sera from normal controls or patients with other rheumatic diseases. Lupus patients having MA antibodies had more severe disease than did lupus patients with Sm or native DNA antibodies, manifested by recalcitrant skin rashes and a significantly greater incidence of hypocomplementemia, serious renal disease, hypertension, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and neurological disease (P values range from 0.025 to 0.005). The presence of circulating MA antigen was demonstrated in three lupus patients immediately before a flare of nephritis. These data suggest that MA is a nuclear acidic protein antigen that may identify a subset of lupus patients with very severe disease. The presence of the antigen in the circulation before clinical flares suggests a possible biologic role for the MA system in an immune complex nephritis.
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PMID:Characterization of a distinct nuclear acidic protein antigen (MA) and clinical findings in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with MA antibodies. 8 19

A disease characterized by edema, proteinuria, hypoproteinemia and hypertension was seen in late gestation in patas monkeys. The initial sign was edema of the perineum, ankles and lower trunk. The onset was abrupt, occurring 7 days or less prepartum. The affected animals were not depressed, and convulsions were not seen. In 6 of the 98 pregnancies during a 1-year period, symptoms of the disease were present. The highest incidence was manifested by primiparous animals with 3 of 36 pregnancies affected. Two of 38 second pregnancies and 1 of 24 third pregnancies were also affected. Five of the animals recovered spontaneously and were normal 14 days postpartum. Edema persisted for 30 days in one female. This animal continued to be hypertensive and had persistent mild proteinuria and hypoproteinemia. She was killed approximately 1 year postpartum due to severe renal disease. The spontaneous disease seen in patas monkeys resembled toxemia of pregnancy in humans more closely than the experimentally induced disease in other animals.
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PMID:Spontaneous preeclamptic toxemia of pregnancy in the patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas). 10 69

A variety of renal structural and functional abnormalities have been associated with sickle cell disease. To define the relationship between the hemoglobinopathy and glomerular disease, clinicopathologic correlations, renal morphologic, ultrastructural immunohistologic and functional studies were performed on seven patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of glomerular disease. In addition, immunologic studies including isolation and characterization of cryoprecipitable immune complexes, and determination of immunoglobulin, total complement and complement component levels, and antibody titers to several antigens were performed in an attempt to define the etiologic and pathogenic mechanisms of the renal disease and its relationship to sickle cell anemia. Proteinuria was presnet in all patients. The nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, hematuria and renal insufficiency were found in more than one half the patients. All patients had membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis of varying degree; glomerular basement membrane splitting, electron dense deposits in the glomerulus; interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and hemosiderin deposits were frequent. Immunoglobulin complement components (classif complement pathway) and renal tubular epithelial antigen were distributed in a granular pattern along the glomerular basement membranes of all patients studied by these methods. Cyroprecipitable complexes of renal tubular epithelial antigen-antibody to renal tubular epithelial antigen as well as antibody to renal epithelial antigen were detected in the circulation of some patients. There was no serologic evidence of activation of the alternate complement pathway. These studies demonstrated an immune deposit normocomplementemic nephritis associated with sickle cell anemia; they further support our hypothesis that the relationship is more then coincidental, and is mediated by glomerular deposition of immune complexes of renal tubular epithelial antigen-antibody to renal tubular epithelial antigen, the antigen possibly released after tubular damage secondary to oxygenation and hemodynamic alterations related to sickle cell disease.
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PMID:Nephropathy associated with sickle cell anemia: an autologous immune complex nephritis. II. Clinicopathologic study of seven patients. 12 92

The renal lesions of a 5-year-old girl with progressive systemic sclerosis are described. The nephropathy was clinically characterised by moderate proteinuria, microscopic hematuria and transient hypertension. Light microscopy showed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis of segmental character. On electron microscopy intramesangial, subendothelial and extramembranous glomerular deposits were observed. By immunofluorescence miscrosocpy deposit of IgG, Clq, C4, C3, C5, C8 and C9 in a predominantly subendothelial location were found in all glomeruli. Vascular lesions were of minor degree. Histological and immunohistological findings are compatible with an immune complex disease.
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PMID:Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in systemic sclerosis of childhood. 15 Jun 97

In this study naturally occurring hypertension in wild rhesus monkeys has been noted with a frequency of 13 out of 428 monkeys examined. The maximum systolic/diastolic blood pressure was 242/140 mm of Hg. Clinically there was evidence of grade I retinopathy in one case only, otherwise the animals did not manifest any symptom to suggest illness. Biochemical examination revealed normal plasma angiotensin activity but the level of serum sodium was slightly elevated. The serum potassium, blood urea and serum creatinine values were within normal limits. Serum cholesterol was, however, elevated in two cases. All hypertensive animals were sacrificed by exsanguination and a complete autopsy was performed. It revealed left ventricular hypertrophy in almost all cases, patchy myocardial degeneration with fibrosis in 3 animals and advanced renal disease only in 3 cases. It therefore appears that most of these cases of hypertension belonged to the idiopathic group.
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PMID:Spontaneously occurring hypertension in wild Rhesus monkeys. 15 Nov 70

Big renin, a relatively inactive renin which possesses a molecular weight larger than that of normal plasma or renal renin, has been demonstrated by gel filtration in certain human plasma, tumor extracts, and amniotic fluid. Big renin was not present in normal plasma or kidney extracts. Plasma from 3 hypertensive patients with nephropathy contained chiefly big renin. Varying proportions of both big and normal renin activity were present in plasma of other patients with hypertension and proteinuria. The renin present in amniotic fluid, which increased in activity following exposure to acid pH, was shown to be big renin in two patients. Large amounts of circulating big renin apparently can cause hypertension in patients with Wilms' tumors. Furthermore, the relatively inactive big renin may replace normal plasma renin in some patients, resulting in low plasma renin activity.
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PMID:Occurrence of big renin in human plasma, amniotic fluid and kidney extracts. 16 87

Estrogenic compounds are the most important group of drugs that can induce hypertension. Studies have shown an incidence of significant hypertension amounting to less than 1% after 1 year of taking oral contraceptives and about 2% after 5 years. The ratio of the incidence of hypertension among ''takers'' to that of ''nontakers'' has been assessed at 1.8 by 1 study and 2.6 by another. Small but significant increments in systolic and diastolic pressures can be discerned during the first 2 years of treatment. Cessation of treatment has resulted in pressures returing to pretreatment levels within 3 months. In those previously normal the highest readings during oral contraceptive use were only 155/90 mm of Hg. Severe hypertension is more likely to occur in the predisposed, and malignant hypertension has been reported. Previous hypertension, toxemia of pregnancy, obesity, and nephropathy are predisposing conditions. Although progestagens, used alone, do not cause clinical hypertension the incidence of hypertension associated with an estrogen-progestogen combination was directly related to the dose of progestagen used. Weight gain is often observed in oral contraceptive users and is occasionally accompanied by edema and hypertension. There is a marked increase in the circulating level of renin substrate (angiotensinogen) which is caused by the estrogen component of the pill. The increase in renin substrate is associated with increase in plasma levels of renin activity, angiotensin 2, and aldosterone, together with a fall in plasma renin concentration. The suppression of plasma renin concentration can persist for weeks after stopping the pill. The factors responsible for hypertension are probably intrinsic and may be either neural, vascular, or renal. Patients taking oral contraceptives should have blood pressure checks at 6-month intervals, and more frequently in high risk cases. In the management of those with only mild blood pressure elevation, such patients should change to a preparation with the lowest available estrogen dosage, 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol, or reserve the method for use during crucial periods of family planning. With moderate hypertension the oral contraceptive should be suspended for 3-6 months. If the blood pressure falls, oral contraceptives should not be resumed but another method recommended. Continuing hypertension requires further study and possibly elective sterilization. Severe hypertension requires withdrawal of the pill, urgent investigation, and treatment. Other drugs may cause hypertension. Management of these patients is outlined. Structural formulae of progesterone, norethisterone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and norgestrel are shown.
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PMID:Drug-induced hypertension: pathogenesis and management. 18 40

The concept of acute renal failure with anuria due to malignant nephro-angiosclerosis, is uncommon. We report two cases and compare them with others in the world literature. Knowledge of this disease entity is of triple interest: In diagnosis and classification in the field of acute vascular nephropathy with anuria. We cannot emphasise too much the interest of early renal biopsy after correction of abnormal blood pressure. In physiopathology, these malignant nephro-angioscleroses give rise to hypertension of pressor type with high renin levels. Finally therapeutic, for there exist drugs adapted to this type of hypertension. The association of acute renal failure and malignant nephro-angiosclerosis should be treated as an emergency, to avoid the passage to terminal and irreversible renal failure.
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PMID:[Acute oligoanuric renal insufficiency in malignant nephroangiosclerosis]. 19 37


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