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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hydrocortisone phonophoresis (HPP) on the affected joints or balneotherapy with iodine bromine baths as well as the complex of these two modalities were used to treat 197 patients with osteoarthrosis. Thirty-one of the patients had secondary arthrosis due to recurrent gout attacks. Monotherapy with HPP proved beneficial in affection of 1-2 joints whereas the baths appeared preferable in polyosteoarthrosis, its association with spinal osteoarthrosis, arterial hypertension. Combined application of HPP and the baths produced more pronounced and stable effect with the best relief recorded in polyosteoarthrosis, its progression, secondary synovitis.
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PMID:[The therapeutic use of iodide-bromide-sodium chloride baths combined with hydrocortisone phonophoresis in patients with osteoarthrosis and gout]. 207 38

The morphology of the bone microvasculature in rabbit arthrosis was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and related to changes in intraosseous pressure (IOP) and phlebographic appearance. Unilateral gonarthrosis was induced in 34 rabbits by immobilization of one knee in extension with a plastic splint for 5 weeks. Bilateral IOP recording in a subgroup of 12 rabbits demonstrated hypertension in arthrosis of 22 +/- 2.9 mmHg compared with 11 +/- 4.7 mmHg in control knees. Intraosseous phlebography in 13 rabbits showed a dilated vascular bed with prolonged clearance of contrast media. The morphology of normal microvasculature by SEM of intravascular methyl methacrylate casts in 9 rabbits was characterized by well-defined and well-demarcated sinusoids with only a few arteriovenous shunts, whereas in arthrosis substantial changes included fusion of sinusoids, leakage of cast material through the sinusoid walls, and development of numerous shunts. The study demonstrated profound microvascular morphologic changes that may reflect a vascular genesis for some of the bone changes in arthrosis.
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PMID:Microvascular morphology of bone in arthrosis. Scanning electron microscopy in rabbits. 237 11

We compared intraosseous pressure, partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and histopathology in 10 hips with arthrosis and in seven hips with nontraumatic necrosis of the femoral head. Hypoxia of the subchondral bone was present in both conditions. In arthrosis the intraosseous pressure was normal, whereas intraosseous hypertension was present in necrosis. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide was normal in both conditions. Identical signs of subchondral medullary and trabecular necrosis were found in both conditions.
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PMID:Intraosseous pressure, oxygenation, and histology in arthrosis and osteonecrosis of the hip. 281 18

Acromegaly is caused by GH-secreting pituitary adenomas and, in rare cases, by ectopic production of GRH with resultant hypersecretion of GH. Important systemic manifestations include acral enlargement, swelling, disfigurement, glucose intolerance and diabetes, hypertension, nerve entrapment, arthropathy, and cardiac disease. Tumor-related major manifestations are visual impairment, oculomotor paralysis, and hypopituitarism. Morbidity is substantial, and mortality is increased. Diagnosis should be made as early as possible by measuring plasma GH after an oral glucose load and plasma somatomedin C levels. Assessment of a pituitary lesion is best made by CT scanning in the coronal plane. Therapy is mandatory and consists of surgical removal of the pituitary adenoma (usually by the transsphenoidal route) or of the ectopic source of GRH (carcinoids or islet cell tumors). Adjunctive radiation and/or drug therapy is often necessary if complete surgical ablation of the adenoma is not possible. Radiation therapy can be administered as conventional supervoltage x-ray treatment or in the form of heavy particle beams. Drugs effective in partially lowering GH levels are bromocriptine and (not yet released) somatostatin analogues. Long-term follow-up of treated patients is important to guard against recurrence, progression, or development of hypopituitarism.
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PMID:Acromegaly. 331 99

We reviewed crystal-proved gouty arthritis in 23 women. Twenty-one (91%) developed gout after menopause onset. Tophaceous gout occurred in six (26%), polyarticular involvement in 13 (57%); 70% manifested an underlying arthropathy, usually osteoarthritis. We studied 75 men with crystal-proved gout for comparison. Women developed gout significantly later compared with men, more often were receiving diuretics before gout onset, and more frequently manifested renal insufficiency and monoarticular involvement. These differences were significant when controlled for the women's later age at onset. Significantly more men than women had alcoholism and an identifiable precipitating event for acute attacks. There were no significant differences in race, age, family history of gout, disease duration, hypertension, distribution of joint involvement, tophi, or mean serum urate concentration. Gout in women is overwhelmingly postmenopausal, apparently associated with diuretic therapy and renal insufficiency independent of the effects of age. Articular characteristics in men and women are remarkably similar.
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PMID:The clinical spectrum of gouty arthritis in women. 377 53

The association between fat distribution, morbidity and subjective health was studied in 95 overweight adult men and 210 overweight adult women. Retrospective morbidity data were taken from a continuous morbidity registration made by general practitioners over a period of maximally 17 years. In addition information about subjective health and weight history was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were taken and, on the basis of waist-hip and waist-thigh circumference ratios, subjects were classified into upper body segment obesity, intermediate obesity, and lower body segment obesity. It was found that, adjusted for age and body mass index, a high waist-thigh circumference ratio was a risk factor for hypertension and for gout or diabetes in women and arthrosis in men. A low waist-thigh ratio was associated with a high prevalence of varicose veins in women. The associations of waist-hips circumference ratio with morbidity were less pronounced, with the exception of hypertension in men. Information from the questionnaire revealed that persons with upper body segment obesity (especially men) felt less healthy and had more health complaints. These findings were more pronounced for subjects less than 50 years of age than for those of 50 years and older. The weight histories suggest that women with lower body segment obesity had a longer history of obesity than women with upper body segment obesity. This was not found in men. It is concluded that classification of obesity on the basis of circumference ratios is useful for the evaluation of health hazards of overweight subjects.
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PMID:Fat distribution of overweight persons in relation to morbidity and subjective health. 407 78

The clinical, biological, and immunological alterations of 20 patients with histologically confirmed classical panarteritis nodosa have been studied. Characteristic angiographic changes were present in 14 cases. There were 14 males and six females, with a mean age of 50 years. The main clinical manifestations were: fever (90%), peripheral nervous system involvement (80%), renal involvement (65%), arterial hypertension (60%), arthropathy (80%), and cutaneous lesions (45%). In most cases there was elevated VSG and alpha 2-globulin, anemia and leukocytosis. HBsAg positivity was found in five patients. The immunological study revealed a polyclonal immunoglobulin increase, changes in the complement components, and a quantitative and qualitative decrease of T lymphocytes. Steroids and immunosuppressive treatment were given to eight patients, and steroids along to 11 patients. The clinical evolution of 17 patients was followed; four patients died, all of them belonging to the group treated with steroid alone.
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PMID:[Classical panarteritis nodosa: a clearly defined entity. Analysis of 20 cases (author's transl)]. 611 4

The 4 year prospective trial on the effectiveness of the antihypertensive treatment was performed in 100 mild hypertensive patients of the aged, the average age being 76.1 years. Dropouts during the drug-off control period were 9 cases. The matched pair group was selected by the age, sex, and blood pressure. Forty-four drug treated cases and 47 placebo treated cases were comparable in blood pressure as well as in laboratory data. Cerebrovascular and cardiac complications were observed in 4 cases or 10.5% in the drug group, and in 9 cases or 22.0% in the placebo group. When 8 cases of blood pressure elevation over 200/110 mmHg in the placebo group were added to the cardiovascular complications, dropouts in placebo group reached 41.5%, and this showed the significant difference. Other complications were observed in 12 cases or 31.6% in the drug group and in 17 cases or 41.5% in the placebo group. Major complications were cancers, infections, and bone or joint diseases. Blood pressure was decreased from 171/87 to 151/80 in the drug group, and the average decrease was 20/7 mmHg in 4 year period. No significant changes in hematocrit, serum protein, urea nitrogen, uric acid, sodium, and potassium were observed during the trial period. The present study suggested that antihypertensive treatment was effective in the aged with mild hypertension, and that careful follow up was needed not only for cardiovascular complications but also for general health condition.
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PMID:Prospective study on the treatment of mild hypertension in the aged. 701 98

The clinicopathological study on the atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular and cardiac complications was carried out in 1561 consecutive autopsied cases in the elderly. The subjects were classified into 3 groups: 702 cases (45.0%) of normotension, 276 cases (17.7%) of systolic hypertension and 583 cases (37.3%) of diastolic hypertension. The acceleration of atherosclerosis by hypertension was prominent in sixties and seventies, less remarkable in eighties and almost none in nineties. The effect of hypertension was remarkable on cerebral artery, aorta and coronary artery in this order, and no difference was found between the systolic and diastolic hypertension groups. On the basis of atherosclerotic changes, strokes and myocardial infarction were prevalent in both these groups in comparison with the normotension group. The difference between the systolic and diastolic hypertension groups and the normotension group was prominent in sixties and seventies, but in eighties only the diastolic hypertension group showed a significant difference with the normotension group. The effect of hypertension was more remarkable on strokes than myocardial infarction. The lack of remarkable effect of hypertension on the cases over eighty may be attributed to the progression of atherosclerosis with age in normotensive cases. The 4 year prospective trial on the effectiveness of the antihypertensive treatment was performed in 100 mild hypertensive patients of the aged, averaging 76.1 years. The matched pair group was selected by the age, sex and blood pressure. Cerebrovascular and cardiac complications were observed in 4 cases of 10.5% of 38 cases of the drug group, and in 9 cases or 22.0% of 41 cases of the placebo group. When the elevation of blood pressure over 200/110 mmHg, observed in 8 cases in the placebo group, were included as one of the cardiovascular complications, the complications in placebo group reached 41.5%, showing a significant difference. Other complications such as cancers, infections and bone or joint diseases, were observed in 12 cases or 31.6% in the drug group and in 17 cases or 41.5% in the placebo group. Blood pressure was decreased from 171/87 to 151/80 in the drug group in the 4 year period. The present study suggested that antihypertensive treatment was effective in the aged hypertension, and careful follow up was needed not only for cardiovascular complications but also for general health condition.
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PMID:The pathogenetic role and treatment of elderly hypertension. 726 55

The biochemical changes in the articular cartilage of the femoral condyles and the patella were studied during the earliest stage of patello-femoral arthrosis, with particular reference to chondromalacia of the patella in the "lateral hypertension syndrome", with the object of comparing them with the results obtained by Boni et al. (1977) in the initial phases of experimental arthrosis induced in rabbits by means of vitamin A. The biochemical determinations were done on samples of cartilage removed at operation from the medial and lateral femoral condyles and the medial and lateral patellar articular facets in ten patients. The biopsy samples were fixed in 80% alcohol and dried in the oven at 50 degrees C for twenty-four hours. The hexosamine and hydroxyproline content was then determined. This investigation demonstrated significant biochemical changes in this syndrome in the four areas examined. The data obtained indicate that only the mucopolysaccharide component of the joint cartilage is involved at this stage. The most interesting finding was marked diminution in the galactosamine/glucosamine ratio, which was markedly diminished - the opposite of what occurs in established arthrosis. These data appear to be identical with those found in the early phases of vitamin A induced arthrosis in experimental rabbits. The diminution of hexosamine content and the diminished galactosamine/glucosamine ratio were more marked in the femoral condyles, which appeared to have few lesions macroscopically. These changes were also present in both articular facets of patella, but were less marked, probably because the degeneration was more advanced in those areas, thus more closely resembling frank arthrosis.
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PMID:Biochemical changes in the articular cartilage of the patella and femoral condyles in the lateral hyperpatellar syndrome. 734 33


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