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 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In general, long-term treatment of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity after liver transplantation is similar to that for the general population. Measure bone density within the first year after transplantation. Treat osteoporosis with standard agents. Joint replacement surgery appears safe in this group of patients. Resume standard screening for malignancy 2 to 3 years after transplantation, and repeat at intervals similar to that used with the general population. Given the high risk of skin cancer, transplant recipients should wear sunblock (SPF >40) and have routine dermatologic examinations. Patients should wait at least 2 years before considering pregnancy and use barrier-type methods in this period. Vaccinate patients against hepatitis A and B, influenza, and pneumococcus. Avoid live vaccines.
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PMID:The liver transplant recipient: what you need to know for long-term care. 1645 81

There are many indicators to measure different aspects of the Primary Health Care activities. However, the interpretation of most of them it is difficult because the majority give partial information. This work proposes a standardised model to calculation of a synthetic indicator to measure the product of primary care teams. We made this work based on the sequential realization of a bibliographical review, a retrospective study to know registered morbidity, and the consent of a working group. For the design of the synthetic indicator we carried out a sequential working methodology in six phases: (1) identification and selection of components for the indicator; (2) determination of theoretical prevalences and coverages; (3) ponderation of the components; (4) establishment of standards; (5) formulation of the components; (6) application of the scale and calculation of the indicator. Ten health problems were selected; that supposed a standardised scale of 17 items (EQA-17). The 10 problems of health which composed this synthetic indicator contemplate the realization of activities of promotion of the health (smoking cessation), activities of primary prevention (tetanus and influenza vaccination), care of acute problems (prescription of antibiotics), and care of chronic diseases (diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, patients with high-risk cardiovascular index, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure). The concept of a synthetic indicator to measure the level of quality of the product generated by the primary care teams could be useful for the improvement of the current evaluation models in primary care services.
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PMID:[EQA-17: proposing a synthetic indicator to measure the outcomes of primary care teams in people over 14 years]. 1655 57

Based on data drawn from the 1993 and 2003 National Health Surveys (NHS), we sought to: estimate influenza vaccination coverages among Spanish cardiovascular disease (CVD) sufferers; study which variables were associated with the likelihood of being vaccinated; analyze the time-trend in coverage for the period 1993-2003. For study purposes, a CVD sufferer was defined as any adult who reported suffering from high blood pressure and/or heart disease. The proportion of vaccinated adult CVD sufferers in 1993 and 2003 totalled 39.96% and 51.73%, respectively. The following variables increased the likelihood of being vaccinated: higher age; male gender; presence of respiratory chronic diseases; non-smoker status. Coverages for CVD sufferers had improved significantly from 1993 to 2003 but still remain below desirable levels. The improvement over time is mainly due to the subgroup aged >64 years. Strategies must be implemented to improve the use of influenza vaccine among CVD sufferers in Spain in general, and among the younger age-groups in particular.
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PMID:Influenza vaccination among cardiovascular disease sufferers in Spain: related factors and trend, 1993-2003. 1662 Nov 72

As the proportion of the population age 65 and over continues to grow--to a projected 20.5% or 77.2 million by the year 2040--tracking the quality, access, and receipt of care for older women becomes more important, since the majority of older citizens are women. This article establishes a rough baseline for the quality of care, primarily preventive care, received by older women compared to older men, using selected measures and data of the 2004 National Healthcare Quality Report and National Healthcare Disparities Report. It highlights significant differences between women and men, as well as differences for racial, ethnic, and educational subgroups. Generally, older non-Hispanic white women frequently score higher than their Hispanic and non-Hispanic black counterparts, and more educated women often score significantly higher than their less-educated peers on several measures of quality of care. Compared to their male counterparts, older women are significantly less likely to have any colorectal screening test, to keep high blood pressure under control, and to receive aspirin or beta-blockers upon hospital admission or discharge for acute myocardial infarction. Results are mixed for the process measures related to diabetes, but improvements are clearly needed toward increased rates of eye and foot examinations. Rates of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations are low but can be improved through Medicare-covered services. We also found that older women are screened less often for breast cancer than those ages 40 to 64. There is still a pervasive lack of knowledge in the research and clinical communities about the unique health care needs of and appropriate processes of care for older adults. More research needs to focus on the quality of care for this growing population in order to allow the development of geriatric-based quality measures and models of care that will set the standards of healthcare for older adults in general, and older women in particular.
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PMID:Quality of health care for older women: what do we know? 1663 25

Critical to the discovery and development of drugs and vaccines is the rational selection of biochemical, immunologic or molecular targets. To understand the rationale for target selection, we review strengths and weaknesses of the four main approaches: whole animal disease models; molecular targeting; epidemiology/observation studies, and genomics. After classifying diseases into those with a relatively stable pathophysiology (e.g., hypertension and gout) versus those with an unstable pathophysiology (e.g., AIDS and influenza) to aid in understanding target selection, we provide examples of successful and unsuccessful selection of drug and vaccine targets, focusing on the molecular and epidemiological/observational approaches. We discuss the reasons that molecular targeting has led to successful control of many diseases, whereas the epidemiological/observational approach has had a checkered history. We also assess the potential power of the genomic approach, specifically the curative versus controlling/preventive strategies. With combined genetic and molecular approaches and judicious use of whole animal models and properly performed epidemiology/observation studies to select the appropriate targets, the future for controlling, preventing and even curing many diseases is very bright indeed.
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PMID:The heart of drug discovery and development: rational target selection. 1667 15

Infectious complications in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) pose a significant source of morbidity and mortality. The overall scope of major infectious complications has, however, received little attention even though some of these events may be preventable. We reviewed infectious hospitalization rates in the CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) populations, comparing them with the non-CKD and non-ESRD groups. We also reviewed preventive vaccination rates for influenza, pneumonia, and pneumococcal pneumonia to assess areas of potential improvement. We reviewed the medical literature and present findings based on hospitalization rates for pneumonia, sepsis/bacteremia, and urinary tract infections in the Medicare CKD, ESRD, and non-CKD populations. Vaccination rates were determined from submitted claims for services with specific codes for the vaccinations. Regardless of the primary cause for the development of CKD, primary kidney disease or secondary to hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or other chronic condition, patient outcomes after the development of infections were 3 to 4 times worse than in the non-CKD population. Influenza vaccination rates were 52%, far less than the target of 90%. Pneumococcal pneumonia vaccination rate was only 13.5%, far less than recommended. CKD is associated with significant major infectious complications, which occur at rates 3 to 4 times the general population. Providers can improve prevention by using fewer dialysis catheters and increasing vaccination rates for influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia.
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PMID:Infectious complications in chronic kidney disease. 1681 25

The success of liver transplantation essentially depends on the prevention and treatment of long term complications, which may be due to surgery, opportunistic infections, organ rejection and relapse of the initial liver disease. The side effects of immunosuppressive drugs--arterial hypertension, glucose intolerance and diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity, renal failure, osteoporosis, malignancy, and anaemia--should be regularly screened and treated without delay. Surgical procedures in transplanted patients are safe and rarely followed by complications. Although pregnancy in this setting is considered at risk, because of prematurity and low birth weight, overall outcomes are favourable. The yearly influenza vaccination is strongly recommended. The survival and the quality of life of liver transplant patients also depend on a good communication between the general practitioner and the transplantation centre.
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PMID:[Management of patients after liver transplantation]. 1700 50

Inflammatory response of the endothelium has been increasingly recognized in the aetiopathogenesis of sporadic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). It has been shown that up to 2/3 of patients with DCM have immunohistological evidence of enhanced activation of the endothelium. We present a case of a middle-aged patient with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia who developed sudden significant left ventricular dysfunction following flu-like syndrome. Endomyocardial biopsy revealed no myocarditis, but immunohistological features of endothelial activation were present. Additionally, increasing titers of IgG antibodies against PvB19 were observed. During 18 months of standard heart failure treatment along with statin therapy, we observed a significant recovery of left ventricular systolic function, and in this way, reversible dilated cardiomyopathy.
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PMID:[Reversible dilated cardiomyopathy in a patient with acute, advanced heart failure and intense endothelial inflammatory reaction in endomyocardial biopsy--a case report]. 1708 45

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of influenza vaccinations among the elderly in Bangkok in reducing influenza-like illness (ILI) and influenza-related complications. Using a non-randomized, controlled, prospective methodology, healthy, active people aged 60 years or more, living in the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) area, were studied. The two study cohorts comprised 519 persons in the vaccinated group and 520 in the non-vaccinated group. The outcome under study was influenza-like illness (ILI), as reported by the study volunteers. The two groups were comparable for most socio-demographic characteristics, except for gender, level of education, marital status, and smoking habit. The age range was 60-88 years (mean: 68 years). Females outnumbered males in both groups, with ratio of female to male of 2.6:1 and 1.9:1 in the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups, respectively. The top three co-morbidities among these groups were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease, in that order. Only 1% of the volunteers reported lung disease as co-morbidity. During the 12-month study period, a total of 107 volunteers reported ILI in both groups, with 38 persons in the vaccinated group and 69 persons in the non-vaccinated group. There were 46 ILI episodes in the vaccinated group, and 86 in the non-vaccinated group, for a total of 132 episodes. The incidence rates rates of influenza in this population, therefore, were 8.9% for the vaccinated and 16.9% for the non-vaccinated groups; with a reduction in the rate of reported ILI and doctor visits of 8%. Vaccine effectiveness was rated at 47.6%, crude risk ratio at 1.9 (1.33-2.75), and adjusted risk ratio at 1.92 (95% CI: 1.25-2.95), after adjustment for gender, marital status, education, and smoking habit. No complications due to ILI were observed in this population during the study period. Hospitalizations during this period were due to non-ILI related causes, such as cancer and accident.
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PMID:Influenza vaccination among the elderly in Bangkok. 1754 70

An 82-year-old male Bangkokian with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, and coronary artery disease for many years, was hospitalized due to deterioration of a 3-day influenza-like-illness with one-day chest oppression and respiratory failure. At the emergency room, oxygen saturation was 79% on room air Chest X-ray revealed bilateral diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. He was intubated and hemodialysis was initiated. Emergency coronary angiography revealed patent coronary artery. Sputum gram stain revealed numerous leukocytes with no bacteria. On day three of hospitalization, empiric treatment with oseltamivir and clarithromycin was administered Seventy-two hours later his clinical condition began to improve and fever subsided 7 days later Rapid test of tracheal secretion with immunofluorescence assay was positive for moderate amount of influenza A virus. Viral isolation yielded influenza A virus subtype H1N1. Review of in-patient records at this hospital using ICD-10 codes as J10 and J11 during 1995-2005, discovered 32 cases with claim diagnosis of influenza. However this is the first case with proven influenza pneumonia that was given empiric oseltamivir. Rapid deterioration of influenza-like illness due to human influenza virus in the elderly and pathogenesis of pulmonary in this case are discussed to alert physicians to recognize this dreadful illness and treat it in timely fashion.
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PMID:Fulminating influenza pneumonia in the elderly: a case demonstration. 1869 95


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