Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Impact between the brain and the cristae of the base normally results as a consequence of inertia when an obstacle is hit, followed by contusion, or intra-, sub- or extradural haematoma. The skull itself may be briken (usually at the interpilasters or the weak points of the pilasters) or dented. Denting resulted in the depression of a circular fragments or fragments, with compression of the dura mater or brain; this, in turn, may be contused, lacerated or even crushed. Spinal crash fractures usually involve the lumbar region. Neck fractures are rare. The picture may be one of clinical silence (local pain) or marked neurological involvement. Damage to the cord is expressed in the form of shock, complete flaccid para- or tetraplegia, complete loss of sensation below the lesion, loss of deep and superficial reflexes, urinary retention and rectal incontinence. Treatment is rendered complicated by profuse scalp haemorrhages, respiratory insufficiency requiring orotracheal intubation and assisted respiration, convulsions, which should be handled with care, since ordinary anti-epilepsy products may mask the onset of hypertension and haematoma. Swelling should be reduced with cortisones. Diuretics may be too brusque and lead to intracerebral haematoma. In the case of spinal injuries, particular care should be excercised in shifting the patient and conveying him to hospital. Where high neck lesions are suspected, the possibility of damage to the originating segments of the phrenic nerve must be borne in mind.
 ...
PMID:[Aeromedical problems in cranio-vertebral injuries]. 112 65

A survey of persons aged 60 years and over in Mae Sot in Tak Province, Thailand was conducted in 1989 to determine the prevalence of socio-economic, functional and medical problems. A total of 567 elderly persons from 8 villages systematically selected from 54 villages outside the municipality were interviewed and examined. Ninety-eight percent of them lived with their children or relatives. There were few elderly persons reporting difficulty performing basic physical activities of daily living due to the very low proportion of older elderly in this area. 13.3% of men and 14.5% of women reported some degree of urinary incontinence; however, most of them complained of only slight incontinence at occasional intervals. 62.4% of the study elderly had a body mass index below 20. The mean body mass index for men (19.5) was slightly higher than that for women (18.7). One hundred and two out of the 567 elderly surveyed were found to have hypertension and 51% of these hypertensives were newly diagnosed during this study. There was no association between the prevalence rate of hypertension and any of the other studied variables, including age, sex, educational level and smoking habits. The overall prevalence rate of diabetes in these elderly people was 1.6%. The mean body mass index of the diabetic group (23.1) was significantly (p less than 0.05) greater than that of the non-diabetic group (19.1). Special homes for the aged may become necessary in the future as young people migrate away from rural areas where their aging parents live to urban areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Assessment of socio-economic, functional and medical problems among the elderly in one rural community of Thailand. 181 79

Antibodies to cardiolipin were measured in 100 consecutive patients with first ever stroke, on admission and at three and six months after the acute event. One hundred healthy, age- and sex-matched, British elderly individuals were also screened for antibodies to cardiolipin as a control group. Elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibody (i.e. 5 SD above the laboratory control mean) were present in none of the control group, but in 21 per cent of the patients with stroke. Thirteen of these 21 patients (62 per cent) died within three months, compared to 17 (21.5 per cent) of the seventy-nine patients without elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (p less than 0.001). Six of the eight survivors with persistently elevated anticardiolipin antibodies had significant residual disability following stroke (Barthel score 0-9) compared to 11 of the 62 without (p less than 0.001). Two patients with initially raised anticardiolipin antibodies who became independent at six months showed a progressive decline in the level of these antibodies to normal. The presence of high levels of anticardiolipin antibody did not correlate with other recognized prognostic indices of stroke, except for incontinence. No correlation was noted between levels of antibody to cardiolipin, antinuclear factor, antibody to double-stranded DNA and C-reactive protein, either in the stroke patients or in the elderly control population. Hypertension was significantly more common in the patients with high anticardiolipin antibodies than in the rest of the patients in the stroke population (p = 0.33). There was no correlation between levels of anticardiolipin antibody and age. Anticardiolipin antibody may be considered as an independent prognostic marker for both mortality and clinical outcome after acute stroke.
 ...
PMID:Antibodies to cardiolipin in stroke: association with mortality and functional recovery in patients without systemic lupus erythematosus. 192 75

Communicating normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is an important remote complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The diagnosis of this hydrocephalus depends largely on clinical signs and symptoms, including cognitive deterioration, gait changes and incontinence. However, many of these signs are also seen during post-traumatic amnesia, making early recognition of this syndrome difficult. A case study of one man post-TBI, who presented with new-onset hypertension as a sign of NPH, prompted a retrospective chart review of all patients admitted over a 2-year period with a diagnosis of NPH. Ninety per cent of patients had one or more of the classic triad of NPH and 25% of patients had symptoms suggestive of raised intracranial pressure (unexplained nausea, headache and visual disturbance). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures among the 20 subjects for six consecutive days pre-operatively compared with those for days 8-14 and 15-21 post-operatively showed no significant differences; a subgroup of five patients (25%), however, demonstrated a significant change in blood pressure temporally related to shunting. We suggest that demonstration of new-onset systemic hypertension may also be a clinical sign suggestive of NPH useful in the evaluation of the TBI patient.
 ...
PMID:Relationship of new-onset systemic hypertension and normal pressure hydrocephalus. 239 Jun 49

A 65-year-old woman started taking enalapril 2.5 mg daily for hypertension. Twelve days later she complained of a persistent, dry cough. Due to the coughing and a preexisting cystocele, she developed stress incontinence and a marked decline in her functional status. The coughing and incontinence resolved with the discontinuation of enalapril. During a subsequent hospitalization the patient received captopril 6.25 mg twice daily for congestive heart failure. Within 24 hours the dry cough recurred. It resolved with the discontinuation of the drug. Cough is a symptom that is generally not recognized as a drug side effect. However, increasing numbers of case reports document angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough. Although the actual frequency and mechanism are currently unknown, the dry cough typically begins early in the course of therapy. It may be specific to this pharmacologic class rather than to one individual agent. Age and sex may be contributing factors. While cough has been considered a minor side effect, unnecessary hospitalizations and inappropriate treatments may easily result. Even minor adverse reactions may have an impact on a patient's quality of life.
 ...
PMID:Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough. 254 8

A systematic study of 100 elderly patients in a hospital geriatric unit was undertaken to analyse the relationship between clinical cardiovascular events (angina, myocardial infarction, hypertension, cerebrovascular accidents, temporo-spatial disorientation, invalidity, incontinence) and plasma lipids (total cholesterol, HDL and LDL fractions, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A and B and total cholesterol/HDL and apolipoprotein B/A ratios). The average triglyceride and apolipoprotein A concentrations were related to the patient's validity: The triglycerides were significantly higher in the group of invalid patients (+22%), p = 0.05. The apolipoprotein A levels were significantly lower in the invalid group (-12%), p = 0.05.
 ...
PMID:[Assays of apolipoproteins A and B as atherogenicity factors in aged patients at hospitals]. 266 Jun 51

To evaluate how the medical problems of older patients are managed in university-based internal medicine practices, the authors reviewed the medical records of 1,527 outpatients treated at 15 university teaching hospitals. Specific treatments for hypertension or diabetes had similar frequencies in patients 65 years of age and over and in patients under age 65. However, although the medical records mentioned hypertension in 43 percent and diabetes in 12 percent of the patients 65 or over, dementia and incontinence were recorded in only 0.4 percent and 2 percent, respectively. This finding suggests either that these elderly patients were extremely atypical or that their geriatric problems were unrecognized.
 ...
PMID:The quality of care received by older patients in 15 university-based ambulatory practices. 334 90

200 years have gone by since the autonomic disturbance in diabetes mellitus has been described for the first time ever. There is a great deal of information on the close relationship between somatic and visceral symptoms in diabetic polyneuropathy (PNP), so that there should be talked about only of one form of manifestations within the meaning of a distal symmetric somatovisceral PNP. The longer fibres such as the vagal fibres of the viscus, sympathetic fibres of the eye are affected at first and more intensively in the autonomic region same as in the sensory and motor region. Due to the fact that for reasons of fragmentary knowledge pathogenetically substantiated classification of the autonomic disturbances in diabetic PNP is not at hand, such a classification is being made from organotopic and phenomenologic aspects. Frequently, afferent denervation of an organ results in enhancing the effects of an autonomic innervation dysfunction, as for instance in unnoticed hypoglycaemia, in order to modify the symptoms, as for instance in rectal incontinence with unnoticed defecation, or rather to let new symptoms appear, for instance loss of testicular pain. In recent years, appropriate methods of examinations were tested for the clinical routine, permitting to give evidence of autonomic dysfunctions before clinical manifestation. It is still unclear to what extent such subclinical abnormalities are reversible with a more favourable regulation of the metabolic process, for instance with the aid of continuous subcutaneous insulin injections. An impressive symptom of innervation dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system is orthostatic hypertension that may, in exceptional cases, even lead to confinement to bed. The most important pathogenic factor seems to be vascular denervation. A pronounced tachycardia at rest, frequently found in diabetics, is the result of the failure of the vagal autonomic system, and, after additional destruction of the sympathetic fibres, it adjusts itself to a lower level that cannot be changed by reflex mechanisms. Cardialgia absent in the case of myocardial ischemia is a factor of an increased mortality of long-term diabetics. The correlation between vascular denervation and arteriosclerosis or mediasclerosis, respectively, is being under discussion. Denervation on the gastrointestinal tract has an effect on the motility and excretory functions. The innvervation dysfunctions lead to sialadenosis by changing the composition of saliva. In most cases esophageal dysfunction is not perceived by the patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Autonomic symptoms in diabetic polyneuropathies]. 359 51

Three cases of spinal cord tumor, revealed by hydrocephalus, are reported. Two patients showed symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and the third one presented himself with ataxic gait without intellectual impairment nor incontinence. In two cases ventriculo atrial shunt was initially inserted and the correct diagnosis was made only later on myelogram because lombosciatalgia or syndrome of the cauda equina. Clinical outcome was satisfying after surgical removal of the tumor. The nature of which was a neurinoma of the cauda equina; a lumbar intradural granuloma and an ependymoma of the cauda equina. The mechanism by which spinal cord tumors raised intracranial hypertension is discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Intracranial hypertension and hydrocephalus caused by spinal cord tumors. Apropos of 3 cases]. 361 97

Eight cases, 5 males and 3 females, of Chiari type 1 malformation aged from 9 to 51 years (mean 33.3 years) were analysed. The average age of the onset of symptoms was 29.6 years, between 7 and 44 years, and that from the onset of symptoms to the presentation to the hospital was 3.3 years ranged from 1 month to 16 years. Pain (87%) in the head or in the cervical region was the most common symptoms, the former was 5 cases and the latter was 2. The next common symptoms were unsteadiness and gait disturbance (50%). Weakness of one or more limbs was the complaints of 3 (38%) of the patients, and sensory impairment was 38%. Other symptoms included stiffness of the neck and shoulder, limitation of the neck movement, abnormal head posture, rectourinary incontinence and so on. In physical examination, foramen magnum compression signs (63%) and cerebellar signs (63% were most common and lower cranial nerve palsy (38%) and intracranial hypertension (25%) were included. Abnormalities of the skull and cervical spine were common on X-ray films. The were cervical fusion or occipitalization and basilar impression. On the angiograms, descended PICA was visualized in all cases. CT metrizamide myelography was performed in 2 cases and MRI was done in 1 case. They could clearly demonstrate the descended tonsils and were found to be the most reliable radiographic examination in the disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Clinical study of late onset Chiari type I malformation]. 362 Feb 19


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>