Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A self-administered symptom questionnaire was completed by 477 patients in a hypertension clinic. The complaints of the patients were analysed according to the type of therapy being given and the dose of drug taken. Methyldopa therapy was associated with sleepiness, weakness of the limbs, sleeping longer at night, and rising more frequently at night to pass urine. Diarrhoea, impotence, failure of ejaculation, blurred vision, depression, and the symptoms of postural hypotension were not related to methyldopa therapy. Bethanidine administration was related to postural hypotension, impotence, and failure of ejaculation but not to weakness of the limbs, blurred vision, depression, or diarrhoea. Patients receiving guanethidine complained of postural hypotension, failure of ejaculation, and had their bowels open more frequently. Similarly, patients receiving propranolol had an increased frequency of defaecation but also tended to complain of weakness of the limbs.Considering each drug individually, 5% of patients failed to take the prescribed dose of diuretic whereas
 ...
PMID:Side effects of hypotensive agents evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire. 472 58

Chronic intermittent hemodialysis may relieve some medical problems of terminal uremia (for example, azotemia, acidosis, hypertension, neuro-muscular disorders, bleeding, pericarditis) to such a degree that many patients are able to resume their normal activity. There remain, however, problems which are not readily changed by hemodialysis (anemia, peripheral neuropathy, pruritus, sexual impotence, renal osteodystrophy). These, together with medical problems possibly caused by hemodialysis (for example, osmotic disequilibrium, errors in dialysate composition, hepatitis, hemosiderosis, isoimmunization from blood transfusions, shunt problems and psychological problems of dependency upon the artificial kidney) represent a limitation of the present type of hemodialysis therapy.
 ...
PMID:Some medical problems of chronic hemodialysis. 486 55

Participants in the Medical Research Council treatment trial for mild hypertension are randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: bendrofluazide, propranolol, or a placebo for either of these drugs. The trial is single-blind. 23 582 patient-years of observation have been completed so far, 10 684 on active drugs and 12 898 on placebos. The results show an association between bendrofluazide treatment and impotence, and impotence also occurred more frequently in patients taking propranolol than in those taking placebos. Other adverse reactions significantly linked with active drugs include impaired glucose tolerance in men and women and gout in men, associated with bendrofluazide treatment, and Raynaud's phenomenon and dyspnoea in men and women taking propranolol. No corneal disease is known to have occurred in the propranolol group. Mean serum potassium level fell, and urea and uric acid levels rose, in men and women taking bendrofluazide. In the propranolol group, serum potassium and uric acid levels rose in both sexes, but the urea level rose significantly in women only.
 ...
PMID:Adverse reactions to bendrofluazide and propranolol for the treatment of mild hypertension. Report of Medical Research Council Working Party on Mild to Moderate Hypertension. 611 99

Ten patients with adult-onset diabetes in whom diabetes antedated the appearance of hypertension were evaluated. These patients had evidence of diabetic autonomic neuropathy, including significant orthostatic hypotension (four patients), impotence (three patients), and evidence of diabetic peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy (nine patients) in clinical testing and nerve conduction study results. Baroreflex function was evaluated by multiple hemodynamic tests, including inhalation of amyl nitrite and intravenous administration of phenylephrine, before and after parasympathetic blockade with atropine, and the cold pressor test; results were compared with results in normal control subjects, patients with essential hypertension, and two subgroups of uremic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Baroreflex function was significantly abnormal in the diabetic patients and was consistent with combined parasympathetic and sympathetic motor nerve (efferent) dysfunction in the baroreflex arc. There was a significant inverse correlation between the degree of orthostatic hypotension in the diabetic patients and their baroreflex response to phenylephrine (r = -0.680, p less than 0.05). There was no significant correlation between supine hypertension in the patients with diabetes and any of the hemodynamic or biochemical parameters examined. The results suggest that orthostatic hypotension in these patients is related to baroreflex dysfunction. However, baroreflex dysfunction does not appear to be a factor in the development of hypertension in these patients, although more studies with normotensive diabetic patients are needed to confirm this point.
 ...
PMID:Baroreflex dysfunction in patients with adult-onset diabetes and hypertension. 613 Jul 1

Labetalol is a combined alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent for oral and intravenous use in the treatment of hypertension. It is a nonselective antagonist at beta-adrenoceptors and a competitive antagonist of postsynaptic alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Labetalol is more potent at beta that at alpha 1 adrenoceptors in man; the ratio of beta-alpha antagonism is 3:1 after oral and 6.9:1 after intravenous administration. Labetalol is readily absorbed in man after oral administration, but the drug, which is lipid soluble, undergoes considerable hepatic first-pass metabolism and has an absolute bioavailability of approximately 25%. There are no active metabolites, and the elimination half-life of the drug is approximately 6 hours. Unlike conventional beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, labetalol, when given acutely, produces a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure with little alteration in heart rate or cardiac output. However, like conventional beta-blockers, labetalol may influence the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and respiratory function. Clinical studies have shown that the antihypertensive efficacy of labetalol is superior to placebo and to diuretic therapy and is at least comparable to that of conventional beta-blockers, methyldopa, clonidine and various adrenergic neuronal blockers. Labetalol administered alone or with a diuretic is often effective when other antihypertensive regimens have failed. Studies have shown that labetalol is effective in the treatment of essential hypertension, renal hypertension, pheochromocytoma, pregnancy hypertension and hypertensive emergencies. In addition, preliminary studies indicate that labetalol may be of value in the management of ischemic heart disease. The most troublesome side effect of labetalol therapy is posture-related dizziness. Other reported side effects of the drug include gastrointestinal disturbances, tiredness, headache, scalp tingling, skin rashes, urinary retention and impotence. Side effects related to the beta-adrenoceptor blocking effect of labetalol, including asthma, heart failure and Raynaud's phenomenon, have been reported in rare instances.
 ...
PMID:Labetalol: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses and adverse effects. 631 May 29

Sexual impotence has been reported sixfold after sequential renal transplantation. The effects of race, age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, uremia, arteriosclerosis (by ABI = ankle BP/brachial BP), penile blood flow (by PBI = penile BP/brachial BP), length of dialysis and transplantation, and patency of hypogastric arteries (by angiogram and operative description) on impotence were examined in a retrospective study of 61 male transplant patients followed from six to 108 months and a prospective study of 15 patients evaluated before and after transplantation with a six-month follow-up. Age (greater than forty years) was the only factor deleterious to male potency (potent patients 40.1 +/- 10.40 years vs impotent patients 48.6 +/- 10.06 years significant at p less than 0.006). Impotence did not correlate with ABI and PBI. Interruption of both hypogastric arteries is not necessarily related to impotence. Vascular impotence is more uncommon in renal transplant recipients than we had anticipated. Post-transplantation male impotence is perhaps best treated by penile prosthesis insertion.
 ...
PMID:Factors influencing male sexual impotence after renal transplantation. 633 40

Nadolol (N) titrated from 80 to 240 mg or bendroflumethiazide (B) 5 to 10 mg, or the combination (B + N), were randomly assigned double-blind to 365 men with pretreatment diastolic blood pressures (BP) of 95 to 114 mm Hg. After 12 weeks of treatment, a diastolic BP of less than 90 mm Hg was achieved in 49% who received N, 46% who received B and 85% who received B + N. With N, the diastolic BP decreased more in whites than in blacks; with B, this racial trend was reversed. Side effects were infrequent; the most common were impotence, lethargy, weakness and postural dizziness, which occurred more often with B than with N. Addition of hydralazine, 25 to 100 mg twice daily, controlled diastolic BP at a level of less than 90 mm Hg in approximately 60% of those previously uncontrolled. N, and especially B + N, provided an efficacious once-daily treatment for systemic hypertension, and addition of hydralazine was effective in most nonresponders.
 ...
PMID:Efficacy of nadolol alone and combined with bendroflumethiazide and hydralazine for systemic hypertension. 635 51

The benefit of any medical intervention, particularly drug therapy, must be weighed against its cost. These costs are not only dollar expenditures but effects on lifestyle and overall health. Diuretic therapy for hypertension has been in use long enough to allow long-term clinical evaluation. It is clear from the numerous prospective drug intervention trials involving hypertensive patients that diuretic therapy is not free of "costs." Aside from the fact that 15 to 20% of diuretic-treated patients reportedly drop out of trials because of side effects, including exertional dyspnea, fatigability, lethargy and impotence, numerous metabolic derangements have been reported with these drugs, i.e., potassium, uric acid, lipid, sodium, glucose and magnesium alterations. Perhaps most important are the changes in lipid fractions, which may be responsible for the failure of antihypertensive therapy to decrease the risk of coronary heart disease. Thus, although diuretics are somewhat less expensive than other antihypertensive drugs in terms of dollars, their overall costs are high. The major alternatives, such as the alpha-blocker prazosin or the central nervous system agent clonidine, are preferable, do not impair a patient's lifestyle and are recommended to be used along with changes in diet and an exercise program for control of mild to moderate hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Diuretic therapy for mild hypertension: the "real" cost of treatment. 642 Nov 37

A randomized double-blind crossover trial was conducted in 20 patients with moderate to severe hypertension to compare the efficacy of labetalol, which combines alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking properties, with that of metoprolol alone or in combination with prazosin. After placebo for 1 wk, active medication was given in two 6-wk phases. During one phase, metoprolol (100 to 400 mg/day) was given with prazosin (2 to 4 mg/day) as an option in the last 3 wk, whereas during the other phase, labetalol (200 to 1000 mg/day) was given alone. Satisfactory control of supine blood pressure was obtained in 10 patients with metoprolol and in another four patients after the addition of prazosin. During the labetalol phase, blood pressure control was achieved in 11 of 19 patients tested. Gastrointestinal disturbances, nasal congestion, impotence, failure to ejaculate, scalp tingling, and headache were more prevalent in the labetalol phase than in the other. In four cases these occurred in patients who did not require prazosin. Supine, erect, and exercise pulse rates were reduced by both metoprolol with or without prazosin and by labetalol; the effects were less in the labetalol phase. These differences could arise from an action of labetalol on cardiac presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors. Adjunctive use of prazosin in nonresponders to metoprolol increases the response rate and avoids unnecessary deployment of alpha-adrenoceptor blockade in patients whose blood pressure can be controlled by beta-blockade alone.
 ...
PMID:On the combination of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade in hypertension. 662 19

A computer-assisted review identified 184 patients with genitourinary tract injuries among 5,400 hospitalized for trauma. Particular attention was directed to the controversial groups of patients with blunt renal and posterior urethral injuries. Management of renal injuries was based on clinical criteria. Subsequent renal exploration was necessary in only 1 of 115 patients with renal contusions, or simple or deep lacerations who underwent initial expectant management. Followup was available in all patients with severe renal injuries and in 53 per cent with renal contusions or simple lacerations. Parenchymal loss was noted on an excretory urogram in only 1 patient and none suffered hypertension, hydronephrosis or other sequelae. A staged approach was preferable to immediate repair of posterior urethral injuries. Seven patients managed by initial cystostomy drainage followed by secondary urethral repairs did well. Primary realignment was complicated by stricture, incontinence or impotence in 3 of 6 patients.
 ...
PMID:Urological trauma in the Pacific Northwest: etiology, distribution, management and outcome. 672 64


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>