Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The elderly population is increasing as baby boomers are beginning to approach retirement. People 65 years of age or older already constitute approximately one eighth of the U.S. population; this proportion is expected to double in the next 50 years. Older Americans have their own population-specific health challenges, such as Alzheimer's disease, osteoporosis, adult-onset diabetes, prostate cancer, menopause, and hypertension. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are seldom discussed within this community. Prevention, counseling, testing, and education efforts are not being directed their way. In addition, few practitioners are experts both in HIV and health problems associated with aging, resulting in misdiagnosis, especially in the early stages when AIDS symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, and diminished appetite are dismissed as part of the aging process. Very few HIV-related social support services have been aimed at the needs of the elderly, perhaps because older Americans are not suspected to be sexually active or are assumed to be in a monogamous, heterosexual relationship. Older Americans are not suspected of drug use. Yet many are sexually active, often demonstrating risky sexual behavior, such as dispensing with the use of condoms; and the isolation that frequently accompanies old age can lead to alcoholism and injectable drug use. This article examines methods suggested in the literature both in terms of primary and secondary prevention of HIV/AIDS in older Americans. The cost of these efforts is enumerated, and organizations who gear their efforts in reaching and educating older Americans regarding their risks are described.
 ...
PMID:HIV in older Americans: an epidemiologic perspective. 1081 63

The aim of our study is to evaluate the temperature distributions around the acupuncture points and channels by visualizing the infrared emissions emanated from the human skin. Our thermal imaging system that is the most sensitive to 10um long infrared wavelength allows us to recognize the actual location of acupuncture point and analyze its functional condition by examining the temperature gradient between the point and its surrounding skin area. The temperature perception of acupuncture point on extremities is especially important since its location and functional condition have a tendency to be altered if one contract disease such as immunodeficiency, arterial hypertension, and dyskinesia of biliary ducts. Also, thermovisual examinations over the acupuncture points allow us to perform the objective medical treatments by observing the transition of temperature gradients.
 ...
PMID:Thermovisual evaluation of acupuncture points. 1139 90

For various ethnic and socioeconomic reasons the pattern of renal disease in the inner city displays distinctive features. Hypertension is frequent, often intractable, and generally conditioned by salt sensitivity and a high sodium intake. Chronic hypertensive nephrosclerosis, found predominantly in African Americans, comprises marked cardiomegaly, renal shrinkage, and hypertensive retinopathy. It has been overdiagnosed in the past, but actually accounts for less than 20% of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in African Americans. Malignant hypertension, less frequent nowadays, may cause renal shutdown, which is reversible in a few cases; the heart and kidneys are often of normal size. Idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is the most common cause of the primary nephrotic syndrome in blacks, but its incidence has also been rising in whites and Hispanics; it does not respond well to treatment, and almost one half of the patients develop ESRD within 10 years. Systemic lupus erythematosus is also more common in African Americans, in whom the severe proliferative forms of lupus nephritis pursue a more virulent course: one half of such patients develop ESRD in 5 years. Cocaine, the use of which has assumed epidemic proportions, may cause accelerated hypertension, acute renal failure from rhabdomyolysis, and progression of preexisting renal disease. Heroin nephropathy has all but disappeared and has been replaced by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nephropathy. The prognosis of HIV-infected patients maintained by dialysis has greatly improved. Sickle glomerulopathy, consisting of mesangial expansion, basement membrane duplication, and the absence of immune deposits, may cause the nephrotic syndrome in 4% of patients with severe sickle cell anemia, heralding death within 2 years in one half of patients and ESRD in two thirds; survival has not improved with dialysis. Diabetes is now the most common cause of ESRD. Familial aggregation of ESRD is frequently encountered. Interventions useful in the general population, such as vascular bypass procedures, should be undertaken with great caution and restraint in dialysis patients.
 ...
PMID:Renal disease in the inner city. 1145 21

Given the improved life expectancy with highly active antiretroviral therapy among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection, the treatment of medical problems such as hypertension will become increasingly more important. Although HIV-infected patients are at increased risk for the development of pulmonary hypertension, there is little data to suggest they are at increased risk for systemic hypertension or secondary causes of hypertension. Multiple potential drug interactions exist between antiretroviral medications, particularly the protease inhibitors and antihypertensive medications. Additionally, certain antiretroviral medications have frequent and important side effects relating to the kidneys and urinary system. Knowledge of these interactions and side effects is essential toward caring for the patient with HIV-infection.
 ...
PMID:Hypertension and medication-related renal dysfunction in the HIV-infected patient. 1145 27

Perivascular cells are a heterogeneous population found in the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Several terms are used for these cells, including perivascular cells, perivascular macrophages, perivascular microglia, fluorescent granular perithelial cells (FGP), or Mato cells. Different terminology used may reflect subpopulations of perivascular cells within different anatomic regions and experimental paradigms, neuropathological conditions, and species studied. Different terminology also points to the lack of clear consensus of what cells are perivascular cells in different disease states and models, especially with breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Despite this, there is consensus that perivascular cells, although a minor component of the CNS, are important immunoregulatory cells. Perivascular cells are bone marrow derived, continuously turn over in the CNS, and are found adjacent to CNS vessels. Thus, they are potential sensors of CNS and peripheral immune system perturbations; are activated in models of CNS inflammation, autoimmune disease, neuronal injury and death; and are implicated as phagocytic and pinocytotic cells in models of stroke and hypertension. Recent evidence from our laboratory implicate perivascular cells as primary targets of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in the CNS of humans and macaques. This article reviews current knowledge of perivascular cells, including anatomic location and nomenclature and putative immunoregulatory roles, and discusses new data on the infection of these cells by SIV, their accumulation after SIV infection, and a possible role of the immune system in SIV encephalitis.
 ...
PMID:Central nervous system perivascular cells are immunoregulatory cells that connect the CNS with the peripheral immune system. 1159 24

Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection might be at risk for ischemic cardiovascular disease (CVD). We reviewed the records of 16 HIV-infected persons with proven CVD (8 cases of angina and 8 cases of myocardial infarctions). This represents 1.7% of HIV-infected persons seen at our institution from 1 April 1999 through 25 April 2000. In comparison with 32 HIV-infected age- and sex-matched controls, case patients had more risk factors for CVD (median number of risk factors for CVD, 3 versus 1; P<.001), lower nadir CD4+ lymphocyte counts (median, 101 cells/mm3 versus 278 cells/mm3; P=.02), and a longer duration of prior exposure to nucleoside analogs (median, 190 weeks versus 130 weeks; P=.02). There was no difference in the duration of exposure to protease inhibitors. Ischemic CVD occurs in HIV-infected persons and appears to be most closely associated with traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease (for example, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia). Lower CD4+ lymphocyte counts and duration of HIV infection might also be risk factors or markers for the development of ischemic CVD.
 ...
PMID:Ischemic cardiovascular disease in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 1217 41

Believed to be due to unbalance between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production rate and its loss through the spinal dural puncture hole, post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is often considered as a physiological syndrome, usually reversible without pathological sequelae after dural hole's closure. The clinical case here presented (incapacitating headache associated with diagnostic dural puncture in a leukaemic young female patient who underwent bone marrow transplantation) shows potentially fatal pathological sequelae following prolonged headache (untreated, due to the severe postransplant immunodeficiency and coagulopathy). The observed RMI lesions suggest interesting conclusions about the clinical indications and correct timing of autologous epidural blood patch (EBP). We also suggest the ways to preventing rebound intracranial hypertension following autologous epidural blood patch in patients suffering from incapacitating and prolonged headache.
 ...
PMID:[Severe and prolonged post-dural puncture headache: from pathological basis to therapeutic role and correct timing for epidural blood patch]. 1177 23

In many Sub-Saharan African populations, in particular urban dwellers, there have been marked rises in the prevalences of obesity in women, hypertension, diabetes, and cerebral vascular disease. Yet there have been only slight rises in coronary heart disease. To learn more of the roles of the various influencing factors in the puzzling situations described, some aspects of the past and present occurrences of these diseases are described and discussed, with comparisons being made with corresponding situations in African Americans, as well as in certain white populations. Despite increases in the knowledge of influencing factors, such fail to explain fully the epidemiologic situations described. As to the future, judging from the experiences of other populations, despite continuing indigence, within the next generation significant rises in coronary heart disease in certain African populations seem to be inevitable. However, in many of those populations, in particular those in the South, the extent of changes, apart from those linked with level of socioeconomic state, will be strongly affected by the rising epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Variations in occurrences of nutrition-related diseases in Sub-Saharan Africans in stages of transition: what of the future? 1182 75

The systemic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a critical role in cardiovascular (CV) homeostasis. All components of the RAS are also known to be produced cell-specifically within specific brain regions, although the role of the brain RAS relative to the systemic RAS has remained a puzzle due to the difficulty of dissecting these two systems. Selectively targeting these regions with genes that modify the RAS could help unravel this puzzle. We compared the ability of adenovirus (Ad) and lentivirus (feline immunodeficiency virus, FIV) vectors to mediate gene delivery in vivo to the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and subfornical organ (SFO), two important CV control regions known to express the various RAS genes. SON or SFO of adult C57BL/6 mice (n=37) were stereotaxically injected with replication-deficient recombinant Ad or FIV harboring a beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) reporter gene. At 1, 3, or 8 weeks post-injection, brain sections were processed for beta-Gal activity, double immunofluorescence to verify cell-type specificity of viral transduction, or immunohistochemical detection of inflammatory mediators. Our results demonstrate that: (1) murine SFO and SON can be selectively targeted for gene transfer in vivo;(2) FIV mediated neuron-specific gene delivery, whereas Ad transduced both neuronal and glial cell types in SFO and SON; (3) Ad injected into the SON transduced neurons within the SFO through retrograde transport, whereas FIV did not; (4) beta-gal activity remained stable for 3 weeks but then declined by 8 weeks with Ad, while minimal decline occurred with FIV; (5) FIV did not cause inflammatory responses, whereas infiltrate was detectable in Ad-injected SFO and SON. These vectors are potentially important tools for dissecting the cell- and site-specific components of the brain RAS and other important CV regulatory systems within this circuitry, and may have therapeutic applications for centrally mediated CV diseases.
Hypertension 2002 Feb
PMID:Selective gene transfer to key cardiovascular regions of the brain: comparison of two viral vector systems. 1188 16

A 22-year-old Asian man developed intracranial hypertension with a 38 degrees C fever. Two months earlier, he had undergone surgery and medical treatment for tuberculous otomastoiditis and pulmonary tuberculosis. The CT scan revealed multiple tuberculous abscesses of the cerebellum. Histological, microbiological and biological proof of diagnosis was obtained. We advocate surgical treatment of intracranial tuberculous abscesses associated with antituberculosis chemotherapy for 18 months. The earlier the treatment, the better the prognosis. This pathology must be kept in mind when treating patients from countries with a high endemic rate of tuberculosis and suffering from immunodeficiency syndrome.
 ...
PMID:[Tuberculous abscess of the cerebellum. Apropos of a case]. 1191 17


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>