Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Drug-induced gingival overgrowth, the chronic side effect of calcium antagonists, is frequently seen due to the increase in patients with hypertension, although the etiology of the disease is largely unknown. I-cell disease, which accompanies gingival overgrowth, is characterized by a deficiency in UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine and is classified as one of the lysosomal storage diseases. Here, we hypothesized that a common mechanism may underlie the etiology of gingival overgrowth seen in patients treated with calcium antagonist and in patients with I-cell disease. A calcium antagonist, nifedipine, specifically suppressed cathepsin-L activity and mRNA expression, but not that of cathepsin-B in cultured gingival fibroblasts. The activity of cathepsin-L was suppressed up to 50% at 24 hours after treatment of the cells with the reagent. The selective suppression of cathepsin-L activity appeared not to be dependent on Ca(2+), since treatment of the cells with thapsigargin suppressed both cathepsin-B and -L activity. Mice deficient in the cathepsin-L gene manifested enlarged gingivae. Histological observation of the gingivae demonstrated typical features of acanthosis, a phenotype very similar to that of experimentally induced gingival overgrowth. Since cathepsin-L deficiency was reported to be associated with thickening of the skin, impaired cathepsin-L activity may play a key role in the establishment of skin and gingival abnormalities seen in I-cell disease. In addition, reduced cathepsin-L activity may play an important role in inducing drug-induced gingival overgrowth.
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PMID:Cathepsin-L, a key molecule in the pathogenesis of drug-induced and I-cell disease-mediated gingival overgrowth: a study with cathepsin-L-deficient mice. 1246 21

A cross-sectional study of working conditions and health of the personnel of the civil aircraft radar-tracking system has been conducted based on periodical health examinations. The personnel was divided into three occupational groups. Group I was exposed to EMF EHF, group II--to EMF HF and UHF and group III was not exposed to EMF (reference group). The groups didn't differ in any occupational and non-occupational parameters. Health status of 250 workers was examined. High prevalence rate of cardiovascular diseases (ICD-X I00-I99) was found in the exposed groups. Odds ratio (OR) was 3.78 (95% CI 1.96-7.27) in group I and 2.13 (95% CI 1.13-4.03) in group II. High prevalence rate of cardiovascular diseases is explained by arterial hypertension (ICD-X I10-I15) (OR = 1.96 95% CI 1.04-3.70 in group I and OR = 1.80 95% CI 0.93-3.50 in group II) and ischemic heart disease (ICD-X I20-I25) (OR = 7.9 95% CI 3.48-18.06 in group I; OR = 3.0 95% CI 1.23-7.33--in group II). In the exposed groups cardiovascular diseases were developed in young age. OR was 7.04 (95% CI 1.64-30.19) in group I and 4.33 (95% CI 0.96-19.65) in group II in 30-39 age sub groups. Myocardium infarction was found in 2 out of 16 persons of this age in the group exposed to EMF.
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PMID:[Epidemiological risk assessment of pathology development in occupational exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields]. 1465 91

Although mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been declining, it remains the leading cause of death among urban U.S. blacks. McCord and Freeman reported CVD as the major contributor to excess mortality in Central Harlem. However the disease-specific CVD mortality was not assessed. Thus, it was unclear what the distribution of specific CVDs was in Central Harlem and their contribution to excess mortality. We reviewed the vital statistics records of New York City (NYC) Department of Health for 1990 and identified all cases in which the cause of death was coded as cardiovascular (International Classification of Diseases-ICD, 9th Revision, codes 391, 393-398, 401-404, 410, 411, 414-417, 420-438 and 440-444). The total and disease-specific CVD mortality for NYC and Central Harlem were calculated using the appropriate 1990 census data as the denominator. Central Harlem residents aged between 25-64 years were at least twice as likely to die from cardiovascular causes, compared to NYC residents. Hypertension-related deaths, ICD codes 401 (essential hypertension), 402 (hypertensive heart disease), 403 (hypertensive renal disease), and 404 (hypertensive heart and renal disease), were the major cause of excess death for men and women in Central Harlem. These findings show the importance of hypertension as the main determinant of the excess cardiovascular mortality in urban blacks and suggest an increased risk of cardiovascular death in blacks residing in Central Harlem.
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PMID:Cardiovascular disease mortality. 1471 70

The caesarean delivery rate has become a commonly used measure intended to reflect the quality of obstetric care. At least 25% of all primary caesarean deliveries occur electively, i.e. to women who are not in labour. This study is intended to validate a previously published model designed to use ICD-9-CM codes to identify and categorise cases of elective primary caesarean delivery by their indication. ICD-9-CM codes were compared with diagnoses written in the medical record for all women without a prior caesarean who delivered in the same month in a single hospital to examine the accuracy of the codes for 12 potential elective primary caesarean indications derived by the published model: malpresentation; bleeding; genital herpes; severe hypertension; uterine scar; multiple gestation; macrosomia; unengaged fetus; maternal soft tissue conditions; other hypertensive conditions; prematurity; and chromosomal anomalies. Of 440 eligible women, a total of 26 (5.9%) had an elective primary caesarean by medical record review vs. [27] (6.1%) by administrative data. Using medical record data as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of administrative data for the identification of elective primary caesarean delivery were 73.1%, 98.1%, and 96.6%, respectively. Administrative coding for all of the 12 conditions was highly specific, although wide variability existed in its sensitivity; its accuracy ranged between 83.9% and 100%. These results suggest that, despite widespread use of caesarean delivery rates obtained through administrative data, more experience is needed to determine which obstetric codes may be sufficiently specific, sensitive, or prevalent to serve a monitoring or surveillance function reflecting the quality of obstetrical care. The results support continued efforts to use administrative data to monitor elective primary caesarean delivery.
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PMID:Elective primary caesarean delivery: accuracy of administrative data. 1499 50

A sample survey was conducted in three public ambulatory medical care units in Rio de Janeiro in order to show the demographic and nosological aspects of the clientele as well as to evaluate the quality of clinic records. The sample included 2,029 patients registered in the health clinics and 3,980 consultants from October 1, 1990 to September 30, 1991. The diagnoses were coded according to the 9th revision of the International Classification of Dieases. Females accounted for about 60% of the sample, and more than a half were between 15 and 49 years of age. Children under 10 years old made up 28% of the total. About 38% of the patients came from the poor areas of the city: the "favelas". The case files were poorly filled out, frequently lacking useful information. The most frequent cause was classified in the XVIo chapter of the ICD - ill-defined causes, followed by respiratory, infectious, genitourinary and circulatory diseases. External causes predominated in one of the health clinics, which is an emergency service. There was a great demand for preventive measures, such as prenatal care and child care, even at the clinic that was traditionally devoted only to curative medicine. The most frequent specific diagnoses were upper respiratory tract infection, hypertension, gynecological problems, prenatal care, and skin diseases. There were no records for referrals to other health services. The poor quality of the medical records causes problems in terms of quality of health care. Use of such record-keeping systems, even while criticizing them, is essential to improve them.
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PMID:[A survey of demand for medical care in three public health clinics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. 1509 15

The clinical approach to the patient with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) should always be considered within the particular clinical context in which the arrhythmia occurs. In the documented absence of heart disease, spontaneous NSVT does not carry any adverse prognostic significance. Exercise-induced NSVT may predict increased cardiac mortality. In ischaemic patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40%, NSVT has an adverse prognostic significance and electrophysiologic testing is indicated with a view to ICD implantation. In patients with LVEF > 40% the independent prognostic significance of NSVT is unknown. The prognostic value of NSVT in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy is not known. NSVT in young patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy carries an adverse prognostic significance. The prognostic value of NSVT in conditions such as the long-QT syndromes, primary ventricular fibrillation, and Brugada syndrome, as well as in patients with hypertension and valvular disease, has not been established.
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PMID:Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia: where do we stand? 1523 66

We describe a case of a 59-year-old female with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and arterial hypertension who had syncopal attacks due to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PMVT) with a short coupling interval of an initiating beat (280 msec). We excluded structural heart disease. In the resting ECG the QTc interval was 420 msec. During Holter monitoring a slight changes of the ST-T segment in V1 were observed (from positive T wave with ST elevation of 1 mm to flat or negative T wave without ST elevation). Additionally, after PMVT a large U-wave (4 mm of amplitude) with the QTU interval of 600 msec and QTUc interval of 662 msec were observed. The U wave disappeared 9 minutes afterwards. The ajmaline test was positive for the Brugada syndrome. The patient received ICD and sotalol, and during 6-month follow-up she remains asymptomatic.
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PMID:[Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with a short coupling interval in a patient with normal heart--a case report]. 1533 60

Throughout the 1990s a variety of schemes for the diagnosis of Vascular Dementia (VaD) were proposed, including the ADDTC criteria for Ischemic Vascular Dementia, the NINDS-AIREN criteria for Vascular Dementia, Bennett's criteria for Binswanger's disease, and the ICD-10 criteria for Vascular Dementia. We undertook a retrospective analysis of a series of ambulatory outpatients with dementia to determine the prevalence with which patients were diagnosed by each of these diagnostic schemes, and to survey the clinical characteristics associated with VaD. We found that the diagnostic schemes for VaD were not interchangeable; patients diagnosed with VaD using one set of criteria were not necessarily diagnosed with VaD using other criteria. The most common clinical characteristics associated with VaD, regardless of the diagnostic scheme that was used, were hypertension, extensive periventricular and deep white matter alterations on MRI (leukoaraiosis), and differential impairment on neuropsychological tests that assess the ability to establish/maintain mental set and visuoconstruction, with relatively higher scores on tests of delayed recognition memory. Interestingly, the majority of VaD patients obtained low scores on the Modified Ischemic Scale, since cortical infarcts and a history of a sudden onset and/or step-wise decline in cognitive function were rare. We conclude that the current diagnostic schemes for VaD do not necessarily consider the heterogeneous nature of VaD. A new paradigm that seeks to describe, in addition to diagnosing dementia associated with cerebrovascular disease is discussed.
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PMID:The clinical diagnosis of vascular dementia: A comparison among four classification systems and a proposal for a new paradigm. 1559 61

This article provides information and a commentary on trials presented at the European Society of Cardiology meeting held in September 2005, relevant to the pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of heart failure. All reports should be considered as preliminary data, as analyses may change in the final publication. In the CARE-HF extension study, the benefits of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) observed in the original study were maintained over an increased follow-up period. A study of oral enoximone (25-50 mg t.i.d.) in advanced heart failure (ESSENTIAL) showed limited benefit compared to placebo. The CIBIS-III study showed that heart failure therapy could be safely initiated with bisoprolol followed by the addition of enalapril. A subcutaneous ICD system (S-ICD) showed potential as an alternative to a transvenous ICD. In the ISSUE-2 study, an implantable loop recorder was used to guide therapy in patients with recurrent syncope. The selective endothelin antagonist sitaxsentan improved 6-MWT and functional class in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in the STRIDE-2 study. In SOFA, fish oil had no beneficial effect on the incidence of life-threatening arrhythmias in patients with an ICD. In IMAGINE, quinapril showed no benefit when administered to patients following CABG. Perindopril reduced cardiac remodelling in post-MI patients with normal LV function in PREAMI. SIRIUS-II showed encouraging results for the use of intravenous ularitide in symptomatic decompensated chronic heart failure. The ACTIVE W study of warfarin versus aspirin plus clopidogrel in atrial fibrillation has been stopped due to superiority of warfarin.
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PMID:Clinical trials update from the European Society of Cardiology meeting 2005: CARE-HF extension study, ESSENTIAL, CIBIS-III, S-ICD, ISSUE-2, STRIDE-2, SOFA, IMAGINE, PREAMI, SIRIUS-II and ACTIVE. 1648 69

Previous research suggests that exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) increases the risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension. We identified the zip codes of more than 800 waste sites contaminated with POPs and other pollutants, based on which we classified zip codes of upstate New York into three groups: "POPs sites", zip codes containing hazardous waste sites with POPs; "other waste sites", zip codes containing hazardous waste sites but not with POPs; and "clean sites", zip codes without any known hazardous waste sites. Age, gender, race, and zip code of residence of patients diagnosed with hypertension (ICD-9 codes 401-404) were identified using the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) for the years 1993-2000. A generalized linear model, the negative binomial model, was used to assess the effect of living in a zip code with a hazardous waste site on the discharge rate of hypertension. After control for the aforementioned covariates, we found a statistically significant elevation of 19.2% (95% CI = 8.5%, 31%) in hypertension discharge rate for "POPs sites" and a 10% elevation in discharge rates for "other waste sites" as compared to "clean sites". In a subset of "POPs sites" where people have higher income, smoke less, exercise more and have healthier diets, there was still a 13.9% elevation of hypertension discharge rate as compared to "clean sites". The results support the hypothesis that living near hazardous waste sites, particularly sites containing POPs, may constitute a risk of exposure and of developing hypertension.
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PMID:Exposure to persistent organic pollutants and hypertensive disease. 1645 84


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