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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There are different types of renal hypertension: hypertension due to parenchymal renal disease, renovascular hypertension, hypertension due to urological disease, hypertension of endstage renal disease. Treatment has to consider-above all-the possibility of specific, medical or surgical procedures that may cause the underlying condition. If the underlying disease is not amenable to specific therapy, symptomatic medical treatment to lower blood pressure is indicated: besides control of sodium-intake and body weight antihypertensive drugs are generally indicated. We use them, alone or in combination, in the following line of order: diuretics, beta-adrenergic blockers, dihydralazine, reserpine, clonidine, alpha-methyldopa, guanethidine.
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PMID:Treatment of renal hypertension. 0 Jan 67

Minoxidil has been administered to 16 patients with severe hypertension and renal failure. In every patient the indication for minoxidil treatment was resistance to conventional drugs. The final dose of minoxidil was 2.5--30 mg (average 20) and it was combined with a beta-blocking agent and a diuretic (or dialysis). The therapy was given for 1--27 months (average 12). The average supine BP fell from 200/130 to 164/96 mmHg and the upright BP from 200/120 to 152/90 mmHg. No hypotensive reactions occurred. In most patients the progression of hypertensive organ changes was arrested. No major vascular complications have occurred during the 16 years of treatment. Prickling of the skin and hirsutism were common side-effects. The other side-effects observed were oedema in five patients and development of latent diabetes in three. In four patients minoxidil treatment was discontinued for following reasons: successful reconstruction of the renal artery after stenosis, renal transplantation, severe oedema and hirsutism. The risk of hirsutism is a contraindication to prolonged minoxidil administration in most femal patients. Minoxidil is especially indicated in uncontrolled renal hypertension.
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PMID:Minoxidil in severe hypertension. 2 24

Rats with unilateral nephrectomy were offered 1% sodium chloride as drinking fluid and were injected with desoxycorticosterone trimethylacetate (D.O.C.-T.M.A.) at weekly intervals. During the fourth to seventh week after the start of the experiment, malignant hypertension developed in most of the animals: body weight fell, reflecting volume depletion; serum osmolality and serum sodium and urea concentrations increased; in the kidneys malignant nephrosclerosis occurred. In such animals, plasma concentrations of arginine-vasopressin were increased ten-fold in comparison with control animals; intravenous injection of a specific vasopressin antibody resulted in a transient fall of blood-pressure (B.P.) to normal or subnormal levels, while the injection of an angiotensin-I or angiotensin-II antibody did not affect B.P. In control animals none of the antibodies had an effect on B.P. It is concluded that in the pathogenesis of malignant D.O.C. hypertension vasopressin plays a role similar to that of renin-angiotensin in malignant renal hypertension.
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PMID:Is vasopressin involved in the pathogenesis of malignant desoxycorticosterone hypertension in rats? 5 84

Renal hypertension of the two-kidney type is divided into three stages. In the first, hypertension results from the vasoconstrictor effect of angiotensin II. This persists to some extent in the second phase but there is in addition a slow-developing pressor effect, also resulting from angiotensin II and probably attributable to sodium. In the first two phases removal of the abnormal kidney corrects the hypertension. This fails in the third phase because changes in the opposite kidney maintain hypertension. Renin and angiotensin are probably not involved at this stage.
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PMID:Mechanism of renal hypertension. 5 63

Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of a left-sided renal-artery stenosis was done in a 61-year-old patient with hypertension. Shortly after dilatation blood-pressure fell to normal and renal plasma flow increased. Dilatation might be an alternative to renal vascular surgery in severe renal hypertension.
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PMID:Treatment of renovascular hypertension with percutaneous transluminal dilatation of a renal-artery stenosis. 8 17

3 children with severe renal hypertension and bilateral infarction of the optic nerves are described. 1 patient also had a transverse myelopathy. Such complications may perhaps be prevented by earlier detection of hypertension and gradual reduction of blood-pressure.
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PMID:Blindness and paraplegia in severe childhood hypertension. 8 59

The rats with chronic renal hypertension caused by constricting one renal artery, exhibit a decrease in the activity of Na-K-ATPase in the outer medulla of the "untouched" kidney, as compared to this activity in the kidneys of intact normotensive rats and in the "untouched" kidney of the rats where renal artery constriction did not result in hypertension. There were no differences between the control normotensive Wistar rats and the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in the prehypertensive and early hypertensive stages (at the age of 6-8 weeks) as far as the activities of Na-K-ATPase and oxidoreductases (SDH and LDH) in the renal cortex, the outer and inner medulla are concerned. The spontaneously hypertensive rats with chronic hypertension had at the age of 16-20 and 27-29 weeks lower activity of Na-K-ATPase, SDH, and LDH in the outer renal medulla than the control normotensive Wistar rats. The experimental results indicate that in chronic arterial hypertension there is a decrease in the activity of Na-K-ATPase, in the outer renal medulla, which suggests a reduction in the resorpo sodium and water.
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PMID:Na-K-adenosine triphosphatase in the kidney of rats with renal hypertension and spontaneously hypertensive rats. 13 Jun 15

Based upon factor analysis, initial findings of the risk factors for coronary heart disease are reported, following invesitgations performed on a large number of patho-anatomical cases which were selected for specified criteria. The so-called hypertensive form of arteriosclerosis was demonstrated in the spleen, pancreas, and adrenal gland. It was shown that diabetes mellitus is an influencing factor in arteriolosclerosis in the liver. Several types of arterial hypertension can be differentiated according to clinical features and findings in the heart. Renoparenchymatous and renovascular sclerosis, pyelonephritis, diabetes mellitus, and age are the factors correlated or associated with various types of hypertension. Primary (?) renal hypertension can be differentiated from the secondary (?) TYPE. The discussion suggests that the morphological findings of arteriosclerosis and its complications may be explained, to a certain extent, by the known risk factors of coronary diseases defined by the methods described.
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PMID:[Factor analysis in hypertension. Risks of coronary heart disease and hypertensive arteriolosclerosis (author's transl)]. 14 84

In the present study a comparison was made on the role of the renin-aldosterone system in rats with various forms of experimental hypertension (pinealectomy-induced, renal and spontaneous). The plasma sodium and potassium concentrations as well as renin activity were measured. The in vitro production of aldosterone by quartered adrenal glands of these rats was also determined. 5 weeks after the operations the blood pressure of the pinealectomized and renal operated rats was significantly increased. The plasma sodium concentration did not differ in various groups, but that of potassium was decreased in the renal hypertensive animals. The plasma renin activity of the pinealectomized rats was elevated while in other forms of hypertension it was at the control level. The basal aldosterone production by the adrenal quarters was equal in all the groups. ACTH, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (DBA) and 5HT stimulated the aldosterone production. The responses to ACTH and DBA were greater in the adrenals of renal hypertensive rats than in the other forms of hypertension or in the controls. We suggest that the renin-aldosterone system is of importance in the maintenance of renal hypertension, while in pinealectomy-induced hypertension elevated plasma renin activity reflects an increased sympathetic activity which probably is the main cause of hypertension in these animals.
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PMID:Plasma renin activity and in vitro synthesis of aldosterone by the adrenal glands of rats with spontaneous, renal, or pinealectomy-induced hypertension. 16 35

The changes in the content of pyridine nucleotide coenzymes (NAD+ and NADH) in several models of experimentally induced hypertension, differing in mechanism (genetic spontaneous hypertension, renal one kidney Goldblatt hypertension, Adrenal-regeneration hypertension after INGLE-HIGGINS and Skelton, and NaC1 hypertension) were studied. An obvious difference between the changes in NAD+ and NADH in the various models of hypertension, was established: Thus in NaC1 hypertension a high level of the coenzymes in the kidneys and in the vessel wall was found, while the liver coenzyme content was in normal ranges. In ARH the coenzyme level was elevated not only in the kidneys and in the vessel wall, but in the liver as well. Treatment with hypotensive antilipolytic prostaglandin E1 decreased the coenzymes in ARH to normal values. Renal hypertension was characterized by a low content of oxidized NAD, an increased NADH, and a decreased NAD+/NADH ratio in the kidneys and the liver, while in the vessel wall the coenzyme level was moderately increased. The coenzyme changes in the kidneys of SHR were similar to those in renal hypertensive rats. However coenzyme level in the vessel wall of SHR was lower than in all the other forms of hypertension.
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PMID:Coenzyme alterations in rats with experimental hypertension. 18 74


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