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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Horses clinically affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were found to have pulmonary artery hypertension which was associated with systemic arterial hypoxia. The pulmonary hypertension in symptomatic COPD-affected horses was partially reversible upon remission of clinical signs or by oxygen administration. The induction of acute hypoxaemia caused an increase in pulmonary artery pressure in both normal and COPD-affected horses.
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PMID:Pulmonary artery pressures in normal horses and in horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 56 82

The author had in his charge 76 patients over 16 years of age. In adults the congenital ventricular septal defect is of a relatively rare occurrence. The extent of the defect is largely determined by the evolution of the disease. In adult patients with minor defects there is no evidence of developing pulmonary hypertension, whereas in those with major defects in evidence is usually a well-marked hypertension. Surgery is indicated in patients with pulmonary hypertension of the I group exhibiting subjective symptoms and ECG and roentgenographic changes. Patients with pulmonary hypertension of the II-IIIa groups are also liable to undergo surgery, but here a relative contraindication is circulatory disturbance in the IIb stage.
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PMID:[Defect in the interventricular septum in adults and the indications for its operative treatment]. 59 20

This is a study of 23 cases with pulmonary plethora and cardiac failure. A "banding" of pulmonary artery was performed, to diminish the pulmonary bloodflow in order to avoid the development of pulmonary hypertensive changes and to improve the heart failure. The mean age of the cases operated upon was 16,9 months. The complications post-banding were: stenosis of the pulmonary outflow tract and necrosis or calcification of the pulmonary artery wall. There was a direct relationship between these complications and the time of persistence of the "banding". The pulmonary artery pressure, distal to the "banding", was reduced as much as 2/3 of the previous pressure in all patients below 6 months and in 63,64% of those patients above 1 year old. A patent ductus arteriosus, complicating the ventricular septal defectis closed prior to perform the "banding" in order to see its role in the pulmonary hyperkinetic hypertension. This is carried out only if pulmonary hypertension remains unaffected.
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PMID:[Pulmonary arterial bnading hemodinamic and clinical evaluation in 23 cases (author's transl)]. 60 37

A patient with autonomic insufficiency and extrapyramidal signs (Shy-Drager syndrome) and sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) underwent hemodynamic studies. In comparison to patients with SAS and intact autonomic reflexes, systemic hypertension was absent and marked sinus arrhythmia during sleep was blunted. Cyclical pulmonary hypertension associated with frequent apneic episodes during sleep persisted, reflecting a minor role of autonomic reflexes in the generation of this abnormality. Autopsy confirmed the Shy-Drager syndrome and multiple areas of degeneration were observed in areas of the CNS outside the medullary respiratory centers, suggesting their importance in the origin of the respiratory abnormalities in SAS.
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PMID:Sleep apnea syndrome in a patient with Shy-Drager syndrome. 62 49

The left ventricular dysfunction following acute pulmowary hypertension remains unexplained. We wondered if acute pulmonary hypertension could alter the transmural flow distribution within the left ventricular myocardium, independent of coronary flow and perfusion pressure. We used a canine preparation in which the left coronary system was perfused at constant flow and induced a two- to three-fold increase in pulmonary artery pressure by banding the pulmonary artery. Regional myocardial blood flow of the left coronary system was measured using radioactive microspheres, injected into the left coronary system before and after 10-30 min of banding of the pulmonary artery. The left ventricular subendocardial:epicardial ratio fell by 12 and 31% (p less than 0.05) of control value, 10 and 30 min, respectively, after banding of the pulmonary artery, the total flow to the left coronary system being kept constant. Left atrial mean pressure increased from 2.9 +/- 2.4 to 3.6 +/- 1.9 and 6.0 +/- 2.1 (p less than 0.05) following banding. The mechanism of the redistribution of coronary flow may relate to inappropriate vasodilation of the right septal myocardium with consequent relative left ventricular subendocardial hypoperfusion which might aggravate left ventricular ischemia in the presence of hypotension and hypoxia.
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PMID:Redistribution in left ventricular regional flow following acute right ventricular pressure overload. 63 69

Because pulmonary hypertension and systemic hypertension occur during sleep-induced obstructive apnea, six patients underwent overnight hemodynamic monitoring before and after tracheostomy. Variables studied included heart rate, pulmonary artery pressure, femoral artery pressure, and arterial oxygen tension (Po2). After tracheostomy, significant reductions were noted during sleep in mean pulmonary artery pressure from 45 +/- 6 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) to 22 +/- 2 mm Hg (P less than 0.05) and in mean femoral artery pressure from 137 +/- 6 mm Hg to 97 +/- 3 mm Hg (P less than 0.005). There was also a significant increase for the group in arterial Po2 recorded during the apneic episodes from 38 +/- 3 mm Hg before tracheostomy to 71 +/- 2 mm Hg (P less than 0.001) after tracheostomy. We conclude that tracheostomy improves the hemodynamic abnormalities and hypoxemia that occur during sleep in patients with sleep-induced obstructive apnea.
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PMID:Tracheostomy and hemodynamic changes in sleep-inducing apnea. 69 23

The diagnostic significance of visualizing the right ventricle on thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scans (T-scan) at rest was studied in 53 patients. In 33 patients the right ventricle was visualized clearly on the T-scan (group A). Hemodynamic evidence of right ventricular hypertension with systolic pressure greater than or equal to 30 mmHg was present in 28 of 33 (85%) of these patients. Right ventricular volume overload with left-to-right shunt greater than 2:1 was present in three patients. Other tests were diagnostic for right ventricular enlargement and or pulmonary hypertension as follows: chest x-ray (58%), echocardiogram (36%) and electrocardiogram (15%). In an unselected group of 20 patients (group B) where resting T-scan did not show visualization of the right ventricle, the right ventricular systolic pressure was less than 30 mm Hg in all. The other noninvasive tests did not reveal presence of right ventricular hypertrophy or enlargement. T-scan appears to be a useful and sensitive test in detecting right ventricular pressure or volume overload compared with other noninvasive tests. This may be useful in detection of patients with right ventricular hypertrophy or enlargement secondary to pulmonary hypertension or other causes.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of visualization of the right ventricle using thallium-201 myocardial imaging. 75 12

Pulmonary haemodynamics was studied in the course of a calibrated exercise test on an ergometric cycle in 55 patients with chronic obstructive respiratory disease. Three groups of patients could be distinguished: absent pulmonary artery hypertension, both at rest and on exercise (group I), pulmonary artery hypertension on effort only (group II), permanent pulmonary hypertension, both on effort and at rest (group III). If adaptation of the cardiac output to exercise was identical in three groups and appeared to be normal, the relationship between pulmonary artery pressure and flow differed clearly from one group to another. Elements of orientation make it possible to foresee this latent pulmonary artery hypertension on the basis of rest gazometry and simple spirography data. The prognostic and aetiologic significations were discussed.
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PMID:[Value of hemodynamic exploration under exercise in chronic bronchitis]. 81 99

From 1965 to 1974, 53 children with coarctation of the aorta (COA) and an associated ventricular septal defect (VSD) underwent cardiac catheterization. Thirty-one patients presented with congestive heart failure. Twenty-five of 27 patients (92%) who underwent cardiac catheterization under age 3 months had either systemic hypertension, a systolic gradient across the coarctation greater than 20 mm Hg or both. Pulmonary hypertension was present in all 25 patients. COA repair was performed in 39 patients and there were seven deaths. Of the 32 survivors, 23 have no residual gradient; six are normotensive but have a mild residual gradient; three are hypertensive or have a gradient greater than 20 mm Hg. Repair of the VSD or pulmonary artery banding has been performed in 11 of 44 patients who survived infancy. Spontaneous closure of the VSD has occurred in three cases and 25 patients have a small VSD that does not warrant surgical repair. Surgical repair of COA during infancy may be unavoidable but conservative medical management of the associated VSD is often successful.
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PMID:Coarctation of the aorta with ventricular septal defect. 83 Feb 7

The bilateral measurement of pulmonary artery wedge pressure is essential in the cardiac catheterization evaluation of all patients with pulmonary artery hypertension. Five cases of pulmonary venous obstruction are presented, 4 of whom had additional intracardiac defects. The pulmonary artery hypertension in these 4 patients was initially attributed to the associated cardiac anomalies and because the left atrium had been entered directly with the catheter in each case, pulmonary artery wedge to the left atrium pressure gradients were initially either not obtained or were discounted as being artificial. Pulmonary venous obstruction was recognized in all 5 cases on the basis of an elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure, and the anatomic site of the obstruction was successfully documented. Unless bilateral pulmonary artery wedge pressures are measured in all patients with pulmonary artery hypertension regardless of the presence of additional cardiac anomalies, a surgically correctable cause of pulmonary hypertension may be overlooked.
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PMID:Pulmonary artery wedge pressures in congenital heart disease. 83 30


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