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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Assessments of likely associations between ulcer and other diseases are hindered by the frequent lack of controls, by controls which are inadequate, and by inadequate descriptions of techniques used. The inherent biases in some of the techniques have also probably been insufficiently appreciated. Ulcer is common in the community and much of the evidence adduced to suggest ulcer/other-disease associations may well be describing oridinary ulcer frequency which has been underestimated. With such problems in mind, few of the proposed associations bear examination. Ulcer is probably unusually frequent in patients undergoing treatment for chronic renal failure. It is possibly more frequent in association with hyperparathyroidism and in cirrhotics, in cardiovascular disease (except hypertension), and in chronic respiratory disease. Evidence for other associations is not compelling.
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PMID:Gastric and duodenal ulcer and their associated diseases. 7 51

The prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical occlusive arterial disease and of risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis was assessed in 21 patients with chronic renal failure, 27 on maintenance haemodialysis and 51 renal allograft recipients. Clinical occlusive arterial disease was present in 27 patients, and sub-clinical arterial disease in 34. Myocardial infarction, cerebral thrombosis and lower limb arterial thrombosis had occurred only in the transplant recipients; these patients had, however, been followed for a longer period of time than the other two groups. In the allograft recipients, the cumulative incidence of any occlusive arterial disease was 416 per 1000, and that of coronary heart disease was 267 per 1000 at six years. Hypertension was present in 76 per cent of patients prior to renal replacement therapy. Following institution of definitive therapy, hypertension was of shorter duration and less common in haemodialysis patients than in renal transplant recipients. Uraemic and haemodialysis patients with occlusive arterial disease had required antihypertensive medication for significantly longer than those free of arterial disease. Transplant recipients with hypertension had a greater mean serum creatinine, were receiving a larger maintenance dosage of corticosteroids and less frequently had undergone prior bilateral nephrectomy than those transplant patients without hypertension. Serum lipid levels were elevated in 62 per cent of patients. In the uraemic and haemodialysis patients hypertriglyceridaemia was the predominant abnormality while in the transplant recipients combined hypertriglyceridaemia/hypercholesterolaemia was more frequent. Despite regular aluminium hydroxide therapy 81 per cent of uraemic and haemodialysis patients had a calcium X phosphate product higher than normal. Arterial and/or soft tissue calcification as demonstrable in 20-38 per cent of patients within each group, but could not be related to the calcium X phosphate product of radiographic evidence of hyperparathyroidism. Glucose intolerance was present in 71 per cent of the uraemic and haemodialysis patients and 33 per cent of the transplant recipients. Hyperuricaemia, cigarette smoking, obesity and a sedentary existence were also prevalent. The majority of patients had several risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. Occlusive arterial disease is a major problem in patients with end stage renal disease, being no less common after transplantation than with long-term maintenance dialysis. The aetiology is multifactorial.
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PMID:Occlusive arterial disease in uraemic and haemodialysis patients and renal transplant recipients. A study of the incidence of arterial disease and of the prevalence of risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. 32 93

51 patients with renal transplants were examined ophthalmologically 31,1 (1--77) months after the transplantation. 80,4 p. c. showed ocular complications: cataract formation in 43,1 p. c. of the patients examined and increased intraocular pressure values between 22 and 30 mm Hg in 3 patients are to be attributed to the systemic immunosuppressive therapy. Further ocular changes were recurrent subconjunctival haemorrhages due to increased vascular rigidity, calcium phosphate deposits in the conjunctiva due to persistant secondary hyperparathyroidism and fundus changes (pigmentary irregularities in the foveal regions, narrow arterial vessels). Although marked arterial hypertension was observed in 21 patients after the transplantation, no signs of hypertensive retinopathy could be found. Despite the high incidence of ocular complications after renal transplantation the risks of immunosuppressive therapy must be considered as tolerable: cataract formation and increased intraocular pressure do not impair the positive effect of renal transplantation on ocular functions. Regular ophthalmological control examinations of renal transplant patients are advisable.
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PMID:[Report on renal transplant patients. Ocular changes due to renal disease and immunosuppressive therapy (author's transl)]. 37 46

Reversible hypertension occurred in a patient during episodes of hypercalcemia caused by hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D toxicity, and an infusion of calcium during an 11-year period of observation. It is suggested that normal renal function may be required for the hypertension of hyperparathyroidism to be reversible and that the hypertension may be directly related to the hypercalcemia in some patients. Early surgery is suggested for otherwise asymptomatic, mildly hypercalcemia hyperparathyroidism that is accompanied by hypertension.
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PMID:Reversible hypertension. Caused by the hypercalcemia of hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D toxicity, and calcium infusion. 57 60

Cysts of the parathyroid glands are uncommon, and functioning parathyroid cysts that cause primary hyperparathyroidism are rare. A 63-year-old man had primary hyperparathyroidism because of cystic hyperplasia of all four parathyroid glands. He also had squamous cell carcinoma of the soft palate, chronic renal failure, hypertension, type-4 renal tubular acidosis, a hyperplastic thyroid adenoma, and hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. To our knowledge, this is the first patient to be described with hyperparathyroidism due to multiple parathyroid cysts. The finding of cystic involvement of all four glands supports the theory that at least some parathyroid cysts are either a result of a common embryologic defect or of retention of parathyoid secretions rather than of cystic infarction of parathyroid adenomas.
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PMID:Hyperparathyroidism due to primary cystic parathyroid hyperplasia. 65 52

The experiences which have been compiled in more than 2400 hemofiltrations confirm that this method represents an alternative way of treating uremic patients. The main advantages of chronic hemofiltration are the comfort of the patient and the ease in handling excess overhydration without extending treatment time, which is less than 3 X 3 hours/week if adequate hemofilters are used. With regard to the improvement of such typical uremic complications as severe hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia or neuropathy, hemofiltration does not seem to be superior to hemodialysis. However, since most hemofiltration patients do not require phosphate binders and, additionally, remarkable amounts of parathyroid hormone are removed during one hemofiltration, it appears possible that hemofiltration might be an important therapeutic alternative for those renal patients who suffer from severe hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Chronic hemofiltration. A critical evaluation of a new method for the treatment of blood. 74 12

A patient with primary hyperparathyroidism who presented with hypokalaemia and hypertension is described. Renal potassium wasting was documented and cured by removal of a parathyroid adenoma. Possible mechanisms for this unusual manifestation of hyperparathyroidism are mentioned. Other features of the case were severe anaemia, nephrocalcinosis, pseudogout and postoperative acidosis.
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PMID:An unusual hormonal cause of hypertension and hypokalaemia. 116 32

Primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy has been reported in 36 women; 1 new case is reported here. Screening by determining serum calcium levels is a valuable method of diagnosing the disease. Radioimmunoassay of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) greatly aids in the diagnosis. Amniotic fluid PTH values are discussed. Hyperparathyroidism has a high association with progressive renal insufficiency, renal calculi, hypertension, and bone disease. During pregnancy, there is an increased incidence of stillborns, premature labor, and neonatal tetany. Acute hyperparathyroid crisis may result in maternal death. This is the first reported case surgically treated during the third trimester of pregnancy. Surgery should be considered when the diagnosis is made late in pregnancy, as this may protect the infant from neonatal tetany.
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PMID:Primary hyperparathyroidism during the third trimester of pregnancy. 116 24

In four out of seven patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, we have found elevated plasma renin activity (PRA) and blood pressure, both of which returned to normal following surgical correction of the hyperparathyroidism. However, PRA was normal in nonmotensive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, those with hypercalcemia of other etiologies, and those with secondary hyperparathyroidism. These findings suggest that the renin angiotensin system may play a role in the etiology of the hypertension in primary hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Hypertension in primary hyperparathyroidism: the role of the renin-angiotensin system. 120 91

Although the precise mechanism(s) of PTH in GHR were not yet fully understood, the research to date is compatible with the presence of a secondary hyperparathyroidism in the GHR models. A low serum ionized calcium level due to renal calcium leak and/or low intestinal absorption of calcium should be the stimulus for PTH hypersecretion. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that both long-term oral calcium supplementation or removal of parathyroid glands prevents and attenuates the development of genetic hypertension. It is concluded that PTH, probably in concomitant with other factors such as vitamin D or parathyroid hypertensive factor, has a permissive effect in the development and the maintenance of hypertension in GHR.
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PMID:Involvement of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in genetic models of hypertension. 130 Mar 45


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