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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Authors discuss hyperostosis frontalis interna observed in a large number of aged persons, on the basis of age and sex distribution as well as its clinical and roentgenomorphological analysis. In various forms of the ossification of the frontal bone no significant difference was found between the localisation of hyperostosis and the clinical symptoms. On other hand, there is a direct correlation between the extension and severity of hyperostosis and the frequency of occurence of the associated symptoms (obesity, hypertension). They found the aetiological classification more adequate than the morphological categorization of Moore. Their cases are discussed 1. as partial phenomenon of the Morgagni's syndrome; 2. as independent alteration, showing no other symptoms; 3. as transitionary forms inserted between the two groups mentioned above. They discuss also the question of senile, compensatory hyperostosis frontalis interna. On the basis of the study of a large autopsy material they support the opinion that there is a direct connection of this form with old age.
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PMID:Gerontological aspects of hyperostosis frontalis interna. 2 47

Radiographs of 175 patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) of the spine or ankylosing spondylitis were reviewed. DISH most frequently began in the middle and lower portions of the thoracic spine; it was rare in the upper portion. A few vertebrae were first affected, and then involvement extended, sometimes throughout the thoracic spine. The anterior and lateral aspects of vertebral bodies were mainly affected. Hyperostosis vertically spanning the anterior aspects of the vertebrae varied in thickness up to 10 mm, and the rate at which the hyperostosis proliferated was not specific for any vertebra. Males were 12 times more frequently affected than females, especially in the older age groups. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension have reportedly been associated with DISH, but no such correlation was found in this study. Despite the existence of criteria for differential diagnosis, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish ankylosing spondylitis from DISH radiologically. The radiologic features helpful in the differential diagnosis are described, and a review of the pertinent literature is included.
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PMID:Radiologic aspects of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in the spine. 41 Feb 64

In this study we examined 22 Hungarian male probands with gout and 105 of their first degree relatives. This was the first family study in Hungary in which the characteristics of distribution of gout and hyperuricaemia among patients with gout and their first degree relatives, as well as the possible correlation between the prevalence of the disease and MHC class I antigens was investigated. Our gout patients showed the following characteristics: (1) There was a typical onset after age 40, benign oligoarticular form of arthritis, underexcretion of uric acid, moderate hypertension without evidence of reduced renal function, and a relatively high frequency of hyperostosis. (2) The prevalence of hyperuricaemia and gout exceeded the general population level in the first degree relatives of our gout patients. (3) The distribution of MHC class I antigens among the first degree relatives of our patients with gout showed no characteristic patterns. (4) There was no correlation between HLA B27 antigens and prevalence of gout or hyperostosis in family sibling studies. (5) The high frequency of gout and hyperuricaemia, as well as the lack of characteristic HLA patterns among the first degree relatives of gout patients in our family studies, point to the possible cumulative effect of several genes and environmental factors in the etiopathogenesis of this disease.
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PMID:Clinical and family studies in Hungarian patients with gout. 129 17

The first reported Spanish family with autosomal dominant endosteal hyperostosis is presented and two members in two different generations studied. Neurological involvement with sensorineural hearing loss, chronic intracranial hypertension, and mild corticospinal tract abnormalities were found in one case with radiological evidence of progressive bone disease at follow-up. In addition to mild hydrocephalus, CT-scan of the head documented a reduction in size of the posterior fossa and encroachment of the foramen magnum. A pattern of selective increase in the bone fraction of serum alkaline phosphatase was also recorded. This family supports the view that severe forms of endosteal hyperostosis are not confined to the autosomal recessive variant, as individuals with the autosomal dominant form may also show relentless progression to neurological involvement during adulthood.
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PMID:Autosomal dominant endosteal hyperostosis. Report of a Spanish family with neurological involvement. 356 43

The associations between DISH (diffuse skeletal Hyperostosis) and spondylosis deformans on the one hand and cardiovascular disease and cancer on the other were studied in a follow-up investigation of 6 167 persons in Finland. Mean duration of follow-up investigation of 6 167 persons in Finland. Mean duration of follow-up was 6.3 years. Similar methods were employed in the baseline and follow-up examination. A finding of DISH or of spondylosis was based on a reading of lateral X-ray films. Age-adjusted incidence of hypertension, ECG findings suggesting coronary heart disease (CHD), CHD history, enlargement of the heart determined by interpretation of photofluorograms, digitalis medication, cerebrovascular incidents and a history of cancer were compared in persons with and without DISH/spondylosis and free of these conditions at baseline. A further analysis, in which the data were analysed separately for DISH and spondylosis present at baseline and cases which developed during follow-up, was also carried out. A slight association between DISH and spondylosis, and hypertension probably due to obesity was observed. According to several criteria degenerative heart disease (CHD, heart enlargement, digitalis use) was associated with DISH and spondylosis, particularly in men. An association with heart enlargement was observed with DISH but not with spondylosis. No associations with cerebrovascular accidents or cancer were observed, but the paucity of cases prevents definite conclusions. Thus, there were some difference between spondylosis and DISH with regard to risk of future cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and spondylosis deformans as predictors of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. 729 56

Melorheostosis is a benign, rare, congenital disorder of hyperostosis of one or more bones. In this report, we describe a 5-year-old girl with melorheostosis of the left iliac wing, femur, and tibia who developed severe hypertension secondary to left renal artery stenosis. Numerous soft tissue and vascular anomalies have been reported in patients with melorheostosis. To our knowledge this is the first case where renal artery stenosis has been associated with melorheostosis. Several hypotheses for bone and vascular involvement in melorheostosis are reviewed.
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PMID:Renal artery stenosis associated with melorheostosis. 794 35

We present the first Australian family known with autosomal dominant endosteal hyperostosis affecting a mother and her 2 children. Neurological involvement comprising chronic intracranial hypertension and cranial nerve palsies were found in the mother; computerised tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the head demonstrated symmetrical sclerosis of the cranial vault, narrow internal auditory meati and canals, inferior herniation of the cerebellar tonsils into the foramen magnum, and encroachment of occipital bone into the foramen magnum posteriorly. This is the fifth report of significant neurologic involvement in this condition and supports the view that severe forms of endosteal hyperostosis are not confined to the autosomal recessive variant, as individuals with the autosomal dominant form may also show progression with neurological involvement in adulthood.
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PMID:Neurological involvement in Worth type endosteal hyperostosis: report of a family. 803 Jun 69

We report a patient with Morgagni syndrome. The main aim of this paper is to discuss hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) and coexisting clinical feature and to describe the pathomorphology in detail on the basis of MRI images of the skull. The patient, a woman, was 82 years old when she first came to our hospital. She had a 20-year history of hypertension and chronic headache, and had been excessively obese till three years before. On admission she presented with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms and signs including insomnia, disorientation to place, loss of memory, dementia, night delirium, reduced deep tendon reflexes in the lower extremities, urinary incontinence and upward gaze palsy. Because of a fair recovery within several days, it was suspected that so-called "treatable dementia" played a considerable role in the above-mentioned clinical state. Laboratory testing data, including hormone levels, were all within normal limits. EEG examinations showed slowed, diffuse, and poorly developed alpha-waves with no paroxysms. Cranial CT in horizontal sections disclosed a deformed frontal bone with convexlens-shaped thickening bilaterally and diffuse high density on both sides. MRI images revealed more detailed structures: the outer plate, diploe and inner plate of the skull, and abnormal ossifications. Based on these findings we diagnosed her illness as Morgagni syndrome. Recent reports, though few in number, have tended to focus on the EEG findings, hormones and psychiatric states in this syndrome, and descriptions of the HFI itself seem to be rare. The true cause of this syndrome is not yet known, so this rare presentation of MRI images of HFI is thought to be important in explaining this peculiar phenomenon in the skull.
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PMID:[MRI findings of hyperostosis frontalis interna--a case of Morgagni syndrome]. 875 3

Although hyperostosis frontalis interna is common in the western countries, it has been rarely reported in the literature in Japan. We had a chance to observe 5 cases diagnosed as hyperostosis frontalis interna. They were found among 10,902 patients who came to our hospital from August 1, 1993 to September 30, 1995. All the patients in these five cases are females aged 67 to 85 (mean = 74.2 years). Four of the 5 cases had been treated as hypertension, 2 as diabetes mellitus, and 1 as hyperlipoidemia. Two cases were accompanied by unruptured aneurysms. The pathology of one case accompanied by chronic subdural hematoma revealed no apparent development of Haversian systems of bone. It seems that the prevalence of this disease in Japan would increase from now on due to the fact that the life style and the diet among Japanese people has been getting westernized.
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PMID:[Japanese cases of hyperostosis frontalis interna]. 936 87

Psoriasis is a chronic, debilitating skin condition that affects millions of people and is attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. Topical therapy is generally considered to be the first-line treatment of psoriasis. However, many patients do not respond to topical therapy or have disease so extensive that topical therapy is not practical. For these patients, systemic therapy is indicated. Presently, there are four available systemic treatments, psoralen with ultraviolet A (PUVA), methotrexate, oral retinoids (acitretin), and cyclosporin. Unfortunately, all of these treatments have significant potential adverse effects. PUVA may acutely cause nausea, pruritus and sunburn. More chronic and concerning is the development of PUVA lentigines, ocular complications and skin cancer. Non-melanoma skin cancer has been directly linked to PUVA; however, the association with melonoma is more elusive. Methotrexate use most notably carries the risk of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis, which is not always evident on liver function tests. Other more rare, but potentially life-threatening adverse effects include pancytopenia, lymphoproliferative disorders and acute pneumonitis. The addition of folic acid may help to reduce the risk of increasing liver enzymes and haematological toxicity seen in those taking methotrexate. Both methotrexate and oral retinoids are teratogenic and should never be used in pregnancy. Oral retinoids are probably the least effective available systemic medication for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. The effects are improved with the addition of other systemic therapies. Acitretin has replaced the formerly used etretinate primarily because of the significantly shorter half-life. The adverse effects are generally mild and reversible, making the drug fairly safe for long-term use. The most commonly seen adverse effects include elevated serum lipids, generalised xerosis and alopecia. Bony abnormalities, while somewhat controversial, have also been described and include diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, skeletal calcifications and osteoporosis. Cyclosporin is the most recently approved systemic medication for plaque psoriasis. The nephrotoxicity associated with the use of cyclosporin can be minimised when used in lower doses and for a limited duration. Hypertension is usually mild and can be seen in up to about one-third of patients receiving long-term therapy. Cutaneous and internal malignancies have also been reported with cyclosporin and tend to be correlated with duration of treatment. In this review, we will examine the potential adverse effects with these US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments in adults, with specific emphasis on the controversies that surround long-term therapy with these agents and their cumulative adverse effects.
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PMID:Comparative tolerability of systemic treatments for plaque-type psoriasis. 1238 Dec 13


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