Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Estrogen replacement in menopause should be used for specific symptoms such as ovarian failure, hot flushes, vaginal atrophy, atrophy of the vulva, and atrophic urethritis. The dose should be as low as possible to be effective and perscribed for as short as time as possible, since there are possible risks of uterine cancer, breast cancer, increased blood pressure, gallstones, deep vein thrombosis, and thromboembolism. Estrogens should be administered to provide the maximum benefit with the minimum risk involved. Estrogens should not be given to patients with known contraindications such as: suspected breast or uterine cancer; undiagnosed genital bleeding; Dubin-Johnson syndrome; acute hepatic disease; previous or present thromboembolism; or severe thrombophlebitis. Careful evaluation should be made before administering estrogen to women with uterine myomata, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, sevare varicose veins, chronic hepatic dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, porphyria, or severe hypertension.
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PMID:Estrogen replacement in the menopause. 39 Apr 56

21 young female and 15 young male patients with cerebrovascular insults were examined for risk factors. 14 of the 15 male patients showed clear cut risk factors: obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, arterial hypertension, smoking, thromboses, vitium cordis. 20 of the 21 female patients took oral contraceptives. 60% of the female patients with angiographically confirmed stenoses and occlusion did not show any other risk factor. These results support the hypothesis that oral contraceptives are in themselves a risk factor.
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PMID:[The importance of risk factors in cerebrovascular processes while taking oral contraceptives (author's transl)]. 41 98

10 cases of myocardial infarction in females (mean age, 41 years, 4 months) on estrogen/progestin compounds for oral contraception have shown up the determinant role of the associated atherogenic risk factors. All patients had 1 other risk factor. In 6 cases there was hyperlipidemia with a cholesterol of above 2.60 and hypertriglyceridemia in 1 case. A family history of coronary artery disease was present in 5 cases. There was heavy tobacco consumption in 8 of the 10 cases. All of these factors, especially in combination, increase the risk of infarction in a female on estrogen/progestin tablets and constitute a contraindication to their use. 2 of the patients had hypertension, 2 were obese, and 1 was a mild diabetic. There was no warning in 1 case in 2, and early dilatation in 4 of the 10 cases. Coronary arteriography on 5 of 7 patients so examined revealed coronary lesions involving 1 trunk. The histological appearances of the occluded segment of the left coronary trunk in the 27-year-old patient who died were those of an organized occluding thrombus, perhaps having developed over a slight thickening of the intima.
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PMID:[Myocardial infarct and oral contraception]. 41 87

The occurrence of coronary heart disease and its main risk factors were assessed among the first degree relatives of 309 men from South and East Finland, including 203 men with fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction and 106 healthy reference men under age 56 years. The younger the patient at the diagnosis of a first myocardial infarction, the more common was coronary heart disease in his parents and siblings. The risk of having coronary heart disease by age 55 was, respectively, 11.4, 8.3 and 1.3 times greater in the South and 6.7, 3.6 and 1.8 times greater in the East for the brothers of patients than for the brothers of reference subjects depending on whether the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the patient had first been established before the age of 46 years of age 46 to 50 years or at age 51 to 55 years. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia, but none of the other risk factors studied, were most common among the relatives of the youngest patients and diminished in frequency with advancing age of the patient. Most of the strong familial component in coronary heart disease of early onset thus appears to be mediated by familial hyperlipidemias and hypertension. It is suggested that the risk of premature coronary heart disease in the persons at highest risk could be largely eliminated if information about family history were used to identify such persons at an early stage and if they were treated properly for their correctable risk factors.
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PMID:Familial occurrence of coronary heart disease: effect of age at diagnosis. 45 47

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured by 133Xe inhalation in 46 normal volunteers, aged 21 to 63 years, and 14 neurologically asymptomatic subjects above age 40 with risk factors for atherothrombotic stroke, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. In normal volunteers, there was diffuse and progresive reduction of gray matter flow and weight as well as increases of cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) with advancing age. Reduction of gray matter flow with advancing age appears to be attributed in part to neuronal atrophy and in part to cerebral arteriosclerosis. Regional increases of CVR and reduction of gray matter flow with advancing age were most evident in the middle cerebral arterial (MCA) distribution and were enhanced by the association of risk factors. Development of cerebral arteriosclerosis with age and/or risk factors appears to be most evident in MCA distribution.
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PMID:Effects of advancing age on regional cerebral blood flow. Studies in normal subjects and subjects with risk factors for atherothrombotic stroke. 45 46

Atherosclerotic vascular disease is very common in diabetic patients. It often occurs at an earlier age and is more severe than in nondiabetic individuals. The medical management of cardiac disease in diabetics is much the same as in nondiabetics. Risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia must be vigorously treated, and smoking should be restricted.
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PMID:Office management of cardiac disease in the diabetic. 46 80

Among the identified precursors of cardiovascular disease hypertension acts as a major risk factor. Hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and cigarette smoking are the other major factors that increase the risk of symptomatic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Other factors influence (obesity, stress, hyperuricaemia, etc.) but are not independent risk factors. More definitive information on the efficacy of multifactorial intervention is needed.
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PMID:Risk factors in hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. 50 35

The occurrence of main coronary risk factors was assessed in the families of 211 men under age 56 from East Finland. Fifty men were survivors of a recent myocardial infarction, 55 had died of myocardial infarction, 53 suffered from uncomplicated angina, and 53 were healthy reference men. Familial hyperlipidaemia was twice and familial hypertension three times as common in case as in reference families; other risk factors were equally common in both. Familial hypercholesterolaemia was commonest in the families of men with fatal myocardial infarction, and multiple type familial hyperlipidaemia in those of men with angina. Any increase in familial aggregation of coronary heart disease was invariably paralleled by increased aggregation of hyperlipidaemia and hypertension, with the most impressive aggregation of both traits in case families with a maternal history of early coronary death. It is concluded that most of the familial aggregation of coronary heart disease is mediated by familial aggregations of hyperlipidaemia and hypertension.
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PMID:Aggregation of coronary risk factors in families of men with fatal and non-fatal coronary heart disease. 50 67

Red cell deformability, which allows cells of 7 mu diameter to flow through capillaries not larger than 3 mu, can be approached by the measure of blood filterability on nuclepore 5 mu filters. Filterability is reduced in arterial diseases. We have, in 72 patients, correlated red cell filterability, with the number of cardiovascular risk factors present high blood pressure, overweight, diabetes, hyperuricemia, hyperlipemia smoking). There is a statistical difference between groups with risk factors present as a whole and with O risk factor (p less than 0.01). The difference is highly significant between O and 4 risk factors (p less than 0.0005). Filterability decrease is also directly correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day (less than 0.05) and decrease is enhanced by smoking two cigarettes.
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PMID:[Red cell filterability, smoking and cardiovascular risk factors (author's transl)]. 53 Aug 22

Atherosclerosis is one of the most common causes of peripheral vascular disease. Complications result from arteries compromised because of focal accumulations of lipids and other materials within and between cells in the vessel walls. Factors including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, social stress, and genetic background have been implicated as promoting a higher risk of atherosclerosis and its consequences.
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PMID:Atherosclerosis: a major cause of peripheral vascular disease. 58 6


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