Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The investigations included a group of 26 patients with acute generalized tetanus, cared for in the Clinic according to a unitary method. A number of 17 prognostic, clinical and laboratory criteria were analyzed from the viewpoint of the pathogenic and clinicoevolutive incidence and significance. According to the severity, lethal course of the disease the following sequence was established in order of gravity: serum sickness, kypokaliemia, hyperpyruvicemia greater than an incubation of less 6 days, invasion within less than 24 hours, hyperlactacidemia greater than age over 60 years, persistent hypertension and tachycardia, hyperazoltemia, hyperglycemia, frequent paroxysmal contractions (before sedation) greater than late admission to hospital, associated cardiopulmonary pathology, hyponatriemia insufficient dressing of the wound and rural environment. The importance of the biological indices is emphasized, both as elements of prognosis and as orientative criteria for the treatment of the case.
 ...
PMID:[Comparative evaluation of risk factors in acute generalized tetanus]. 13 24

An intravenous injection of 40 or 65 mg/kg streptozotocin induced not only diabetes but also severe hypertension in rats. Whereas the hyperglycemia developed fully within a few days after the injection of streptozotocin, the hypertension progessively advanced and reached maximum level several weeks after the treatment and lasted more than 20 weeks. Twenty mg/kg streptozotocin did not induce hyperglycemia but significantly increased blood pressure several weeks after the treatment. Arrest of growth, polyuria, glycosuria, hyperlipemia and lenticular cataracts developed in the animals treated with 40 or 65 mg/kg streptozotocin, but in none of the animals treated with 20 mg/kg. In histological examinations in the 24th week after the treatment, degranulation and necrosis in the pancreatic beta-cells, and vacuolization and deposition of PAS-positive materials in the renal proximal tubules were found in the animals treated with 40 or 65 mg/kg streptozotocin.
 ...
PMID:Chronic hypertension induced by streptozotocin in rats. 15 77

Daily intraperitoneal injection of cadmium chloride (1 mg/kg) for 45 days significantly increased adrenal weights and augmented the levels of adrenal norepinephrine and epinephrine as well as the activity of adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase. Discontinuation of the heavy metal treatment for 28 days, in rats previously injected with cadmium for 45 days, restored the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase as well as the amount of norepinephrine and epinephrine. In contrast, adrenal weights were restored only partially following the withdrawal of cadmium treatment. Evidence indicates that the changes in adrenal catecholamine metabolism may be the result of stress induced by chronic exposure to this heavy metal. In addition, some of the untoward effects such as hyperglycemia and arterial hypertension seen during cadmium toxicity might be related to increased synthesis of epinephrine in adrenal glands.
 ...
PMID:Effect of chronic cadmium treatment on rat adrenal catecholamines. 23 28

Sexually mature, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were housed in large communal breeding cages or in smaller paired breeding cages. Virgin control rats of the same age were housed similarly but segregated by sex. Breeders became obese, developed a fatty liver, and showed elevated levels of triglycerides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol. Breeders had high blood pressure, enlarged hearts, hyperglycemia, and islet beta cell degranulation. Serum enzymes, creatine phosphokinase, serum glutamic oxalo-pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and blood urea nitrogen levels were elevated in breeder rats. The adrenal glands of male breeders appeared hyperactive; the adrenal glands of female breeders were thrombosed and appeared to be hypoactive. Male breeder rats developed microscopic aortic lesions only; female breeders developed advanced calcific aortic sclerosis. Male breeders kept in active stud service manifested the most abnormal metabolic and pathophysiological changes. Female breeders developed similar pathophysiological changes after four pregnancies, irrespective of their paired or communal breeding environment. Virgin rats were normal regardless of housing conditions. Our findings suggest that repeated breeding in male and female rats causes resetting of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-gonadal axis. This may lead to disturbed hormonal and metabolic changes which culminate with the development of accelerated cardiovascular degenerative changes.
 ...
PMID:Pathophysiological differences between paired and communal breeding of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. 33 92

The renin activity and gluco- and mineralocorticoid adrenalocortical function were studied in 22 patients operated mainly on abdominal organs under the conditions of ketamine anesthesia. As noted, the ketamine injection followed with hypertension and tachicardia does not give rise to the renin activity and to the 11-OKS and aldosterone blood levels, as well. An evident trend to the increase of the concentration of the adrenocortical hormones, together with the occurrence of hypokemia and progressive hyperglycemia have been traced throughout the anesthesia and operation.
 ...
PMID:[Renin activity and functional status of the adrenal cortex in surgical intervention during ketamine anesthesia]. 44 25

Normotensive, Sprague-Dawley (S-D) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats were subjected to aortic ligature. The systolic blood pressure of S-D rats was increased by +/- 80 mm Hg, whereas the blood pressure of SH rats with pre-existent hypertension increased only slightly, +/- 9 mm Hg. The S-D rats developed myocardial and renal infarcts as well as polyarteritis nodosa; the SH rats developed testicular and microadrenocortical infarcts only. Aortic-ligated S-D rats had elevated creatine phosphokinase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and lactic hydrogenase levels and manifested hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Corticosterone levels increased in aortic-ligated S-D rats but decreased in SH rats. Collateralization about the site of aortic ligature appeared to be the same in both strains. It is suggested that the acutely induced hypertension in S-D rats rather than SH rats and differences in adrenal steroidogenesis between the two strains would best account for the dichotomous cardiovascular response to aortic constriction.
 ...
PMID:Diverse cardiovascular responses to aortic constriction in normotensive Sprague-Dawley versus spontaneously hypertensive rats. 50 90

The frequencies of retinopathy, proteinuria, hypertension, and electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities in 2025 diabetic subjects new to our clinic in Tokyo were analyzed in relation to status at initial visit with respect to age, estimated duration of diabetes, and fasting blood glucose. Frequency and severity of retinopathy increased markedly with duration of diabetes. A relationship was found between retinopathy at first visit and level of blood glucose at that time. Proteinuria also clearly increased with duration; its frequency was generally higher in older age groups. Frequency of hypertension increased with age up to 60 yr, but there was no association between prevalence of hypertension and duration of diabetes. ECG abnormalities also increased with age, although serious abnormalities were rare even in older subjects. Hypertension and ECG abnormalities were not more common in those with higher initial blood glucose values, and the frequencies of these aberrations did not increase with the duration of diabetes. ECG abnormalities were more common among hypertensives, especially in younger age groups. Despite the clear effect of degree and duration of hyperglycemia on microvascular complications, there was no evidence of a direct effect of hyperglycemia on macrovascular abnormalities in this study.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of major vascular complications at the initial visit among Japanese diabetic patients. 52 Jan 21

Thirty-one growth-hormone-deficient dwarfs were re-examined after a period of 10 to 12 years. These subjects had initially shown glucose intolerance, insulinopenia and hyperlipidemia comparable to those of diabetic patients matched for age and sex, but vascular complications were not present in dwarfs. After 10 years glucose tolerance became progessively more abnormal in dwarfs than could be accounted for by expected deterioration with age, and hyperglycemia after mixed meals remained greater than in control subjects. Serum lipid and serum lipoprotein concentrations were abnormal in over one third of the dwarfs. Despite the metabolic similarity to the diabetic patients, clinical complications of diabetes were absent in dwarfs: retinopathy did not occur, and the prevalence of hypertension and arteriosclerosis was considerably lower in dwarfs than in the diabetic subjects in both study periods. The follow-up data support the hypothesis that growth hormone has at least a supportive role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease in the diabetic state.
 ...
PMID:A follow-up study of vascular disease in growth-hormone-deficient dwarfs with diabetes. 65 62

Repeatedly-bred, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats which develop hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis spontaneously were killed at sequential time intervals, i.e., when the females had completed 1, 2, 3 and 4 pregnancies. The control breeders received no treatment; the experimental animals were given 113 mg of clofibrate/100 g of b.w., subcutaneously, daily, 5 times per week. Clofibrate-treated breeders manifested reduction in blood pressure and in the incidence and severity of arterial disease characteristic of repeatedly-bred rats. The aortic lesions of the clofibrate-treated breeders showed attenuation of the usual severe ground substance alterations, the degenerative changes in connective tissue elements, e.g., fibrosis and elastosis, and absence of calcification and cartilaginous metaplasia. Clofibrate-treated breeders did not show any unusual elevation in serum enzymes, e.g., CPK, SGOT, SGPT and LDH, or significant reduction of their hyperlipidemia. They manifested a definite reduction in adrenocortical and medullary histopathology and their circulating corticosterone levels were subnormal compared to non-treated breeders. It is suggested that the protective effect of clofibrate was mediated through its ability to block normal adrenal steroidogenic pathways rather than through its antilipemic action.
 ...
PMID:Clofibrate retardation of naturally-occurring arteriosclerosis in repeatedly-bred male and female rats. 66 83

1. Male Wistar rats were housed individually in glass metabolic cages for 5 days during which time their food and water intakes reached plateau levels and they developed a significant systolic arterial hypertension. 2. After the initial 5-day period, systolic blood pressure and water and electrolyte balances were measured for 4 days before and 7 days after I.P. injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (100 mg/kg). In a separate experiment, plasma renin activity and glomerular filtration rate were measured 1 and 3 days after injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. Haematocrit, plasma volume, osmolality and plasma concentrations of glucose, sodium, potassium and protein were also measured at intervals after treatment. 3. Systolic blood pressure fell within 24 hr after treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine but was restored to pretreatment levels within 7 days. There was also a transient fall in glomerular filtration rate. 4. Plasma volume was significantly expanded on the first day after treatment and there was a fall in haemotocrit together with changes in plasma constituents indicative of a haemodilution, although plasma glucose levels were elevated. 5. There was a significant water retention on the third, fourth and fifth days after treatment but this was not accompanied by any measurable sodium retention and could not be attributed to renal compensation. Furthermore, plasma renin activity showed no significant change following 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. 6. It is suggested that the return of systolic blood pressure to pre-treatment levels was chiefly due to the return of vasoconstrictor function. The changes in plasma composition and volume were probably due to a fall in capillary hydrostatic pressure and an increase in the osmolality of extracellular fluid due to the elevated glucose levels.
 ...
PMID:Reversal of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced hypotension in the rat without activation of the renin-angiotensin system. 67 44


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>