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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two hundred thirty-one cases of neurocysticercosis are reviewed. Diagnosis was established by cerebral computed tomography during a seven-year period (1983-1989). One hundred and fourty-four (62%) presented with symptom-related disease (symptomatic neurocysticercosis and in 87 the diagnosis was incidental (asymptomatic neurocysticercosis). In symptomatic neurocysticercosis the parasitosis was considered inactive in 115 cases and active in 29. Seizures occurred in 135 patients (96% of the symptomatic neurocysticercosis). In the active form we also found: meningitis (n = 15), intracranial hypertension (n = 12), hydrocephalus (n = 10) and arteritis (n = 2). Treatment included praziquantel (n = 21), albendazole (n = 4), dexamethasone (n = 18) and surgery (n = 10).
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PMID:Neurocysticercosis--a review of 231 cases. 158 85

The paper weighs the indication and the timing of surgery in hydrocephalus mostly due to ventricular haemorrhage in premature infants with an average of 31 weeks of gestational age and of 1.409 g average birth weight. The authors suggest to wait with the intervention until the intraventricular haemorrhage has subsided because the hypertension may often cease when the CSF is not bloody anymore. In case of a progressive process they gained favourable results with early surgery. They give a detailed account about the choice of the various shunts, list eventual complications, the US and CT controls.
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PMID:On early surgery of hydrocephalus in low-birth-weight infants. 159 14

A 20-year-old pregnant woman (8th month of gestation) developed signs of intracranial hypertension and coordination disorders. The CT examination demonstrated hydrocephalus, occlusion of the IV ventricle and hyperdense mass lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere. Following ventricular drainage cesarean section was performed and then total removal of cerebellar hemangioblastoma, which resulted in rapid and complete reversal of neurological abnormalities of the mother and the child.
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PMID:Hemangioblastoma during pregnancy. Case report. 159 18

A case of unilateral hydrocephalus due to an abscess in the ipsilateral choroid plexuses, and revealed by intracranial hypertension is reported. Treatment with ceftriaxone, metronidazol and thiophenicol was clinically and radiographically successful, without surgery 3 weeks later. Management and mechanisms are discussed.
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PMID:[Unilateral hydrocephalus caused by abscess of the choroid plexus]. 160 42

Manifestations of brain injury were examined in 64 patients with severe craniocerebral injuries on the basis of comparing the clinico-neurological data to the results of continuous long-term control of intracranial pressure (ICP) and computer-aided tomography (CT). As a rule, patients with well-defined focal cortico-subcortical symptomatology demonstrated normal ICP, with no ventricles and cisternae of the basis cerebri being compressed as shown by CT. In patients with the increasing brain stem symptoms associated with the levelling of the focal cortico-subcortical symptomatology, ICP was elevated and computer-aided tomograms showed foci of brain contusion, intracranial hematomas, compressed ventricles and cisternae of the basis cerebri. If gross symptoms of the derangement of the basis cerebri appear in the foreground with no focal cortico-subcortical lesions being manifest, the patients develop, as a rule, stable and increasing hypertension while CT shows the signs of gross compression of the ventricles and cisternae of the basis cerebri in conjunction with foci of brain contusion and intracranial hematomas. In primarily unilateral hemispheric lesions, the patients manifest asymmetric hydrocephalus.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of intracranial hypertension in patients with severe cranio-cerebral trauma]. 166 89

During 1987, 23 survey forms for ependymoma cases diagnosed in the 1st year of life were selected from 88 neurosurgical institutes in Japan in collaboration with the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. There were no specific perinatal episodes. The most common clinical manifestations were symptoms of intracranial hypertension and hydrocephalus. Two of seven children with infratentorial ependymomas were alive, and all of the children with such supratentorial tumors were still alive. Of those with ependymoma, three of four in the total extirpation group, and three of seven in the subtotal or partial removal group were alive. The 1-year survival rate was 54% for ependymoma and 58.3% for ependymoblastoma. For 36% of the cases with ependymoma and 14.6% with ependymoblastoma, a 2-year survival rate was observed. Since the prognosis of these tumors is poor, they should be extirpated as often as possible. Collins' law held true in approximately half of the cases.
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PMID:Ependymoma diagnosed in the first year of life in Japan in collaboration with the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. 166 44

Metabolites of neurotransmitters of dopamine, homomovanillic acid (HVA), and of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), were assessed in cerebrospinal fluid by the method of high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The HVA concentration in cerebrospinal fluid rose markedly in a two-month-old infant with intracranial hypertension caused by a communicating hyporesorptive hydrocephalus following administration of tyrosine, the precursor of dopamine. The 5-HIAA concentration in cerebrospinal fluid rose significantly in a 20-month-old boy with epilepsy and arrested psychomotor development after administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan, the precursor of dopamine. Biochemical normalization of concentrations of neurotransmiteed metabolites did not lead to changes in the clinical condition of the children.
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PMID:[The effect of amino acids on neurotransmitter metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid]. 171 69

At the Kiel University Department of Gynaecology, 21 patients between the 21th and 39th week of gestation were treated in 1987 and 1988 following diagnosis of HELLP syndrome. At the time of diagnosis all patients presented an advanced gestosis/eclampsia. 9 patients developed the classical signs and symptoms, while hospitalised. The typical signs of gestosis, hypertension, proteinurea, oedema and hypoproteinaemia preceded the changes in laboratory values caused by the HELLP syndrome. Upper abdominal pain and increase in transaminase values occurred on the average 3.4 or 2.7 days prior to the decrease of, thrombocyte count. In 19 of the 21 cases, pregnancy was terminated by caesarean section. Severe peripartal complications occurred in 7 cases e.g. foetal death in utero (n = 3), eclampsia (n = 5), renal failure (n = 2), cerebral oedema (n = 1), intracerebral haemorrhage (n = 1), disseminated intravascular coagulation (n = 1), abdominal wall haematoma (n = 1). 6 of these patients were admitted after complications had occurred prior to admittance. All 18 infants born alive survived the neonatal period. The average birth weight was 1,571 g. 11 infants were discharged clinically normal. The remaining infants included 5 cases pointing to retinopathy and 3 cases of cerebral palsy. One infant developed post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
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PMID:[Development of symptoms and perinatal complications in HELLP syndrome]. 177 22

Symptomatic dolichoectasia of the vertebrobasilar system was found in 23 patients (16 males and 7 females, mean age: 62 years) during a 13-year period. Arterial hypertension was noted in 20 cases and associated aortic ectasia in 4. The malformation was identified in all patients on CT completed by angiography in 19, MRI in 7. Autopsy was performed in 5 cases. Fourteen subjects (group 1) presented with a vascular event (ischemic in 13) affecting the brainstem and/or cerebellum. Nine other patients (group 2) had a chronic symptomatology resulting from compression of the cranial nerves, central nervous system and/or CSF pathway. Two patients died of stroke within the first month (rupture of the ectasia in one and occlusion in the other one). The 21 survivors were followed for a mean period of 45.3 months. Eight patients had a stroke, with a significantly higher incidence in group 1 than in group 2 (p less than 0.05). Ten patients (5 in each group) developed progressive dementia possibly resulting from multiple cerebral infarction, hypertensive leucoencephalopathy, and/or hydrocephalus. Twelve patients died during the follow-up (4 of stroke, 6 of profound mental and motor deterioration, one from ruptured ectatic aorta, and the last one of unrecognized cause). The actuarial survival rate was 60% after 3 years of follow-up. Except for the incidence of stroke, inaugural manifestations (stroke vs nervous compression) did not seem to influence the long-term prognosis.
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PMID:[Vertebrobasilar arterial dolichoectasia. Complications and prognosis]. 177 25

Fifty-nine subarachnoid hemorrhage with normal panangiography were reviewed (1982-1989). The mean age is 50 + 10. The grades at admission are compared following the Hunt and Hess and the World Federation Classification. Fifty cases (Hunt and Hess) or 45 (W.F.N.S.) are grade I or II. Compared with 278 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage of aneurysmal etiology, 76% were in good grades versus 55% only for the aneurysms. Hypertension was present in 21 cases (35%) and represented a factor of gravity. Hydrocephaly is a rare complication in these cases and only 2 cases were shunted. The repetition of angiographic exploration seems to be unnecessary: all the examens remained negatives. The aspect on C.T. Scan was the same that the subarachnoid hemorrhage of aneurysmal origin. Angiography of 4 pedicles were performed in all cases and in the late 15 cases, external carotid explorations were added for exclusion of dural malformations. Seven suspected cases had had a secondary exploration between 12 days. The other cases were reexamined at 3 months. Three cases deceased from a second hemorrhage without aneurysm at autopsy. These cases confirm that subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown etiology is of good prognosis. Low grades, rare complications, few rebleeding and good outcome scale are common. Etiology remains hypothetic.
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PMID:[Subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown origin. Apropos of 59 cases]. 178 16


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