Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Renal venous thrombosis was diagnosed in the first week of life in 6 of 30,101 live infant births born at the Chaim Sheba Medical Center in Israel from 1984 to 1989. The thrombosis was unilateral in 5 neonates and bilateral in 1. Predisposing maternal risk factors included 2 cases of maternal diabetes and 1 case of maternal hypertension with associated intrauterine growth retardation. Perinatal risk factors included 2 cases of prematurity with severe hyaline membrane disease, 1 infant who was small for gestational age and another with asphyxia. Follow-up for 1-5 years following the acute event revealed normal growth and development in all infants. None of the patients was hypertensive and all had normal renal glomerular and tubular functions. Renal imaging and scan studies revealed loss of perfusion in 4 atrophic kidneys and diminished perfusion in the remaining 2. In conclusion, although renal venous thrombosis in neonates is associated with low mortality, long-term dysfunction in the affected kidney is common.
 ...
PMID:Early neonatal renal venous thrombosis: long-term outcome. 784 45

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic respiratory disease of multifactorial etiology that develops in some premature neonates who survive hyaline membrane disease (HMD). The role of corticosteroids as a cause of ongoing secondary damage in BPD remains speculative, but strategies to control this reactive inflammation form the basis for the use of corticosteroids. In several controlled clinical trials conducted to assess the role of corticosteroids in BPD, dexamethasone has been administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day, followed by a tapering regimen. Consistent benefits of corticosteroid use have been a decrease in the number of ventilator days and a facilitation of extubation. Common, often transient, side effects include hypertension, hyperglycemia, and poor weight gain. More serious side effects include myocardial hypertrophy, suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, perforated gastric ulcers, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The long-term effects on growth and development are unknown. The role of corticosteroids in the management of BPD still remains controversial. The dosage, timing, duration of therapy, and length of tapering period for dexamethasone treatment remain unresolved issues. The current literature supports the judicious use of corticosteroids to decrease the number of days on the ventilator and to facilitate extubation in selected infants with BPD. Further controlled clinical trials are necessary before the routine use of corticosteroids in the management of BPD can be recommended.
 ...
PMID:Current strategies in the management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: the role of corticosteroids. 815 11

In order to assess the lung maturity of the fetus, a biochemical analysis using two reliable, simple and rapid methods (FLM-TDX Abbott and determination of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) have been carried out on 166 amniotic fluids taken by amniocentesis. The patients were particularly pregnant women presenting disorders such as diabetes (n = 41), premature rupture of the membranes (n = 30), hypertension (n = 20), intra uterine growth retardation (n = 13) and gemellar pregnancies (n = 27). The lung maturity of the fetus has been considered as mature (no risk of any hyaline membrane disease: HMD) when the phospholipid rate is higher than 50 mg/g albumin (FLM-TDX Abbott), associated or not with the presence of PG (PG positive). The latter phospholipid was present only in women whose pregnancy was about 35 weeks. Besides, our results show a very large disparity of the phospholipid rates (FLM-TDX) in the amniotic samples for an identical gestational age. Values from 9 to 124 for pregnancies with term of 31 weeks, and from 21 to higher than 160 for those of 38 weeks. In infants born not later than 48 hours after the amniotic punction (n = 30), four of them presented an HMD. The FLM-TDX values were less than 30 for three cases and equal to 52 for the fourth. The term of these newborns was 37 weeks or more for three of them, and 31 weeks for the last one. Our study confirm that the TDX-FLM Abbott is useful to assess the fetal lung maturity and does not correlate with the gestational age.
 ...
PMID:[Gestational age and fetal lung maturity]. 836 Apr 41

Our objective was to compare the outcome of premature infants of mothers with preeclampsia and hypertension with properly matched controls to examine whether infants of mothers with preeclampsia are at a lesser risk. We designed a retrospective cohort study of 99 infants of mothers with preeclampsia and hypertension (IHM) at < or = 36 weeks' gestation. Infants of nonhypertensive women matched for gestational age, gender, asphyxia, maternal diabetes mellitus, twin gestation, and mode of delivery served as controls. Data were analyzed by dividing all cases into three gestational age groups: group I, 26 to 30 weeks' gestation (IHM n = 21, control n = 39); group II, 31 to 33 weeks (IHM n = 32, control n = 61); and group III, 34 to 36 weeks (IHM n = 46). Because detailed data on nonhypertensive infants at 34 to 36 weeks' gestation were available only for intensive care unit admissions, group III was excluded from the comparative analysis. The incidence of hyaline membrane disease was significantly lower in IHM compared with the controls in groups I and II (group I, 19.1% vs 46.2%, p < 0.005; group II, 12.5% vs 32.8%, p < 0.04). Symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus occurred less frequently in groups I and II compared with controls (group I, 28.6% vs 46.2%, p < 0.001; group II, 3.1% vs 13.1%, p < 0.005). Intraventricular hemorrhage was less frequent in group I compared with controls (4.8% vs 20.5%, p < 0.001). The incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage in group II was similar at 3.1% versus 1.6% for controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Neonatal outcome of premature infants of mothers with preeclampsia. 855 32

Markedly premature infants may present with intestinal obstruction and perforation secondary to inspissated meconium in the absence of cystic fibrosis. Between 1990 and 1994, 13 patients were treated for intestinal obstruction secondary to inspissated meconium. The average birth weight was 760 g. Prenatal and postnatal risk factors were identified, and included intrauterine growth retardation, maternal hypertension, prolonged administration of tocolytics, patent ductus arteriosus, hyaline membrane disease, and intraventricular hemorrhage. Stooling was absent or infrequent during the first 2 weeks of life. Surgical presentation consisted of distension and/or perforation between days 2 and 17 of life. Twelve patients required operative intervention. Findings invariably included one or more obstructing meconium plugs with proximal distension and frequent necrosis of the dilated segments. Surgical options consisted of resection or enterotomy, accompanied by primary closure or by distal irrigation and exteriorization. Irrigation led to iatrogenic bowel injury in two patients. One patient was managed successfully with oral and rectal gastrograffin and oral acetylcysteine. Ten patients were discharged, all of whom had normal stooling patterns and tested negatively for cystic fibrosis. Three patients died, two from the primary disease. The markedly premature infant is at risk for obstruction and eventual perforation secondary to meconium plugs, presumably formed in conjunction with intestinal dysmotility. Prompt diagnosis and timely intervention require a high index of suspicion, attention to stooling patterns and abdominal examinations, and screening radiographs when indicated.
 ...
PMID:Meconium obstruction in markedly premature infant. 863 62

We examined the relationship between a family history of asthma (FHA), neonatal chronic lung disease (CLD), and oxygen dependency in an inception cohort study of all 24- to 30-week gestation infants admitted to the sole tertiary perinatal center in Western Australia. One hundred and forty-four infants were admitted during the study period; 116 had data analyzed, 112 of whom survived to discharge. Respiratory morbidity was common and the prevalence increased with decreasing gestation. Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) occurred in 92 (79%) and CLD (oxygen dependency at 28 days) in 62 (53%); 35 (30%) were oxygen dependent at 36 weeks corrected age, and 16 (14%) were oxygen dependent at term. Thirty-two infants had an FHA which was equally distributed between those infants with and without CLD. Infants with an FHA were more likely to be oxygen dependent at term (relative risk 4.4; 95% Cl 1.7,11.1). Thirty-eight percent of mothers smoked; 68% of their infants developed HMD compared to 89% of those whose mothers did not smoke. Logistic regression identified GA<28 weeks (OR 7.3; 95% Cl 1.4,39), severe HMD (OR 4.8; 95% Cl 1.1,22), and FHA (OR 11.0; 95% Cl 2.3,53) as the only factors associated with an increased risk of being oxygen dependent at term. The duration of supplemental oxygen in infants with CLD was significantly related to decreasing gestation, greater degree of barotrauma, presence of HMD, pregnancy-induced hypertension in the mother, duration of patent ductus arteriosus, and an FHA. An FHA may worsen chronic lung disease in the neonate, but is not involved as a causal factor. Clinicians should be aware of its influence on duration of oxygen supplementation when counselling parents of very preterm infants.
 ...
PMID:Neonatal chronic lung disease, oxygen dependency, and a family history of asthma. 890 97

A prospective study of the prevalence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) among newborns at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, revealed that this syndrome, also known as hyaline membrane disease, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. In the period January 1987 to December 1993, there were 10,134 births and 2003 admissions to the hospital's Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, of which 599 were primarily because of neonatal respiratory distress. 127 of these infants had a radiologic evidence and blood gas parameters indicative of RDS, giving an overall RDS prevalence of 12.1 cases per 1000 births in this cohort. The overall prevalence of RDS among low-birth-weight (2500 grams or under) infants was 12.8%. By birth weight category, the percentage of infants with RDS was as follows: 1000 grams or under, 25%; 1001-1500 grams, 51%; 1501-2500 grams, 45%; and over 2500 grams, 6%. The most common clinical features and complications among infants with RDS included cyanosis at presentation (76%), acidotic at admission (61%), grunting at presentation (59%), apneic since birth (28%), hypothermic at admission (27%), and patent ductus arteriosus (21%). Maternal risk factors included pregnancy-induced hypertension (28%), antepartum hemorrhage (21%), intrauterine growth retardation (17%), diabetes (5%), and prolonged rupture of the membranes (16%). There were 47 deaths among infants with RDS (39% mortality rate); the highest mortality (68%) was recorded among infants weighing 1000 grams or less at birth. The 1.2% RDS prevalence rate identified in this study is comparable to that in Western countries.
 ...
PMID:Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in Karachi: some epidemiological considerations. 901 26

The purpose of this study is to examine the correctness of the clinical data from the computerized perinatal database (PC-Log) at a Mayo Health System hospital. This computerized database is used for electronic transmission of birth certificates in Wisconsin. The paper medical record is chosen for the comparison. Random selection of 99 charts from a total of 893 births at a tertiary perinatal center during 1995. Of 310 fields in the database, 32 variables were compared to a hand abstraction of the paper medical record. PC-Log had 100% positive-predictive value (PPV) for eclampsia, prolonged rupture of membranes, pre-existing diabetes, cesarean section, and transports. The sensitivity, specificity, and PPV for other variables (abortion, congenital anomalies, gestational diabetes, maternal hypertension, and maternal employment) showed moderate to high agreement, but was poor for maternal ethanol use during pregnancy. Compared to hand abstraction, PC-Log had no recorded cases of substance abuse, antenatal steroids, hyaline membrane disease, circumcision, maternal and infant length of stay. Means for birth weight 5 minute Apgar scores did not differ, and the correlations were r = 0.982 and r = 0.960. The PC-Log showed good agreement for many but not all the variables of clinical interest.
 ...
PMID:The computerized perinatal database: are the data reliable? 975 14

We report a case of neurocryptococcosis which is unique in the literature because the patient had a pseudocystic form of the disease during pregnancy and without any evidence of AIDS. The clinical picture was that of intracranial hypertension and the epidemiological background was highly suggestive of cysticercosis. CT showed multiple round hypodense lesions in the basal ganglia and cerebellum, without contrast enhancement. Since a scolex was not visible, the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was considered probable. CSF examination was not performed in view of its high risk. The patient had progressive downhill course. Autopsy disclosed multiple gelatinous pseudocysts in the cerebral and cerebellar gray matter, containing abundant Cryptococcus neoformans. Meningeal involvement was minimal. The child was delivered by caesarean section and was free of infection, but died later of hyaline membrane disease. The neuroimaging appearances of this rare instance of the pseudocystic form of neurocryptococcosis mimicked closely neurocysticercosis and only postmortem examination allowed correct diagnosis. The pseudocystic form has so far only been reported in AIDS.
 ...
PMID:Pseudocystic form of neurocryptococcosis in pregnancy. Case report. 1066 96

We evaluated the outcome of pregnancies followed between 1990 and 2000 in 93 women with type 1 diabetes, treated with conventional intensive insulin therapy (n=68) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (n=25). We evaluated metabolic control (fasting and 1-hour post-prandial plasma glucose and HbA1c levels), spontaneous or induced abortions, time and mode of delivery, maternal outcome (pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, placental insufficiency, hydramnios, hypoglycemic coma, ketoacidosis) and fetal outcome (weight, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, fetal distress, asphyxia, hyaline membrane disease, polycythemia, shoulder dystocia, malformations). Patients treated with insulin pump more frequently had background retinopathy and clinical neuropathy. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in metabolic control and maternal outcome. Glycemic control, non-optimal in the prepregnancy state, improved significantly during pregnancy, as shown by the progressive reduction in HbA1c levels. As regards fetal outcome, no differences were observed between the two groups in morbidity and especially in malformation rate. Patients with malformed babies did not have optimal metabolic control at conception. Thus, maternal and perinatal outcomes were comparable in patients treated with insulin pump and continuous subcutaneous insulin therapy, and depended on metabolic control. In patients in higher White's class and with more unstable glycemia, we achieved metabolic control and outcomes comparable with those of women of lower White's class and more stable glycemic values using the insulin pump. Our data suggest that insulin pump therapy is useful in problematic, complicated cases of women who want a baby.
 ...
PMID:Analysis of outcome of pregnancy in type 1 diabetics treated with insulin pump or conventional insulin therapy. 1460 71


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>