Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One of the major problems being researched and studied by the World Health Organization is the incidence of harmful side effects in users of steroid contraceptives. A literature search indicates that Anglo-Saxon countries report alarming hyperplastic changes, particularly in the liver, blood clots, hyperlipidemia leading to high blood pressure, porphyria, atypical leiomyomas and cervical hyperplasia. Currently attention is being focused on the relationship between steroid contraceptives and breast cancer. Fazala and Paffenbarger in their study of 1770 women found such benign changes as fibroadenoma, mastopathia fibrosa cystica and papilloma intraductale. In women who had used oral contraceptives for 2-4 yrs, malignancies were 1.9% to 2.5% more frequent than in non-users; in 6 yrs of use, 11 times greater than in non-users. Estrogens, particularly mestranol has been recognized as being harmful to the liver. Length of usage is a definite factor. Beginning with 1960, relatively frequent occurrences of hepotoma in young women on the pill were noted. Caught at an early stage, peliosis hepatis can be reversed if the patient discontinues the use of contraceptives. In some cases, even after a long interval of 6 months to 10 yrs, the disease continued to develop. Liver cell adenoma in the U. S. occurs 1/500,00 to 1/1,000,000. After 5 to 7 yrs of using oral contraceptives, the chance of developing liver cell adenoma is 5 times greater; after 10 yrs of use, 35 times greater. Hepatomas rupture in 43.4% of cases when the patient had been on a contraceptive, while in only 22.2% in cases of non-users. The literature which the author investigated did not establish a clear proof that the hyperplastic changes discussed were due exclusively to usage of oral contraceptives.
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PMID:[Hyperplastic changes and oral contraceptives in Anglo-Saxon countries]. 69 6

The results of studies conducted on 355 white nonpedigree male rats (268 experimental and 87 intact animals) indicated that nephrogenic hypertension: a) potentiates the development of benz(a) pyrene induced blastomas; b) enhances, as a rule, the growth of transplantable tumors: carcinoma RS-1 and sarcoma 45; c) results in a tendency to more frequent metastasization of the tumors (Walker carcinosarcoma and Zajdela ascites hepatoma).
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PMID:[Nephrogenic hypertension and carcinogenesis]. 70 95

Types of oral contraceptives, their mode of action, choice of dosage, side effects, and contraindications are summarized for the general clinician. A 50 mcg dosage of estrogen in a combination formula appears to be the minimum dose necessary for consistent protection from pregnancy although some compounds with less estrogen but a more powerful progestin appear to provide good protection. These lower dose estrogen formulations may be advised if estrogen-related symptoms such as nausea or breast soreness are encountered. In amenorrheao r symptoms of estrogen deprivation 80-100 mcgs of estrogen may be required. Although there is a risk of thromboembolic disease, hypertension, carbohydrate and lipid metabolic effects, gallbladder disease, hepatoma, and possible post-pill amenorrhea, these problems can be minimized by careful screening of patients. Benefits include decreased incidence of ovarian cysts, benign breast neoplasia, menstrual disorders, premenstrual syndrome, iron deficiency anemia, sebaceous cysts, and acne (due to decreased sebum production with estrogen adminsitration). Patients need to be reminded that the morbidity and mortality associated with pregnancy exceed that attributed to oral contraceptives.
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PMID:Oral contraception. 83 94

Histiocytosis X describes a disease characterized by histiocytic infiltration of the reticuloendothelial system, skin, bones, and pituitary gland. The disseminated form frequently occurs in infants and children. Chemotherapy has significantly improved the prognosis in this disorder. Sixty-three per cent of survivors, however, have some residual disability related to fibrosis of tissues previously infiltrated by histiocytes. In instances of liver involvement, healing by fibrosis may result in cirrhosis with portal hypertension and bleeding esophageal varices. Clinical findings include hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, ascites, hypoalbuminemia, prolonged prothrombin time, and Bromsulphalein retention. Histologic examination of the liver shows a characteristic dense "macronodular" periportal cirrhotic pattern. Three children with portal hypertension and bleeding varices due to healed histiocytosis X were sucessfully managed by portosystemic shunt procedures. Portacaval, mesocaval, and central splenorenal shunts were equally effective in relieving poral hypertension. These children had neither recurrence of bleeding nor evidence of encephalopathy. Two children remain well whereas in one patient a primary hepatoma developed fourteen years posthung and he died of pulmonary metastases. Portosystemic shunt procedures effectively relieve the threat of potentially fatal variceal hemorrhage and improve the opportunity for long-term survival in children with cirrhosis and portal hypertension due to healed histiocytosis X.
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PMID:Portal hypertension in infants and children with histiocytosis X. 108 50

We report a rare case of extrahepatic growing hepatocellular carcinoma which was clinically diagnosed as right adrenal tumor. A 61-year-old woman was admitted for further examination of right flank pain and hypertension. Abdominal computed tomographic scan and echogram revealed a suprarenal mass. Hypercatecholaminemia was suspected from urinary analysis. Preoperative diagnosis was right adrenal tumor; suspected pheochromocytoma. On operation, we found the tumor was pedunculated from right lobe of liver and compressing normal right adrenal gland. Its clinical diagnosis was hepatocellular carcinoma. Ten months after operation she is still alive. We discuss the difficulty of differential diagnosis between extrahepatic growing hepatocellular carcinoma and adrenal tumor.
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PMID:[Pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma suspected of right adrenal tumor: a case report]. 132 50

We evaluated the prognosis of acute porphyria among 206 adult Finnish patients with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) or variegate porphyria (VP). The series represents all known patients with these porphyrias in Finland. Of the 47 patients who had a total of 117 acute attacks during the period 1967-1989, 6 died during an attack and 21 attacks were associated with paresis; the frequency of severe attacks was significantly smaller than before 1967 (p = 0.00002). Most pareses and deaths occurred because of a delay in diagnosis and inappropriate treatment of porphyria. For those patients who were symptom-free at the time of diagnosis (1365 follow-up years), the risk of the first subsequent attack was significantly smaller than for those who had had an acute attack before the diagnosis of porphyria (1047 follow-up years, p = 0.005). In addition, milder symptoms of porphyria were more common among those who had had previous attacks than among those who had not (p less than 0.00001). In AIP the risk of attacks correlated with the excretion of porphobilinogen in the urine during remission among adults (p = 0.03); a low rate of excretion predicted freedom from acute attacks. A regular use of many precipitating drugs was never associated with symptoms of porphyria. Two percent of the surgical operations and 4% of the pregnancies were associated with acute attacks. Nearly one-third of the women had symptoms of porphyria associated with the menstrual cycle, but these seldom proceeded to an acute attack. Forty-six percent of the women had used sex-hormone preparations regularly; 2 of them (4.5%) experienced associated acute attacks. Patients with AIP or VP showed increased incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma, and probably also chronic renal failure and hypertension.
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PMID:Prognosis of acute porphyria: occurrence of acute attacks, precipitating factors, and associated diseases. 154 56

Angiotensin-induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC) was investigated in six children with the following advanced malignancies: hepatocellular carcinoma, extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma, sacrococcygeal malignant teratoma, small round cell tumor of the chest wall, hepatoblastoma and osteogenic sarcoma. Partial response was achieved in three of these patients, two showed no change, and in one IHC was used as adjuvant chemotherapy. The side effects of IHC were minimal and tolerable. Angiotensin-IHC may provide a new approach to pediatric cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:Angiotensin-induced hypertension chemotherapy in children with advanced solid tumors. 166 35

To evaluate the effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on tumor blood flow, the authors measured the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) of enflurane-anesthetized male Donryu rats and the tissue blood flow of subcutaneously implanted tumor (Yoshida rat ascites hepatoma LY-80) by using a hydrogen clearance method. The tumor blood flow was evaluated in terms of the ratio to the maximum blood flow, which was defined as the largest flow in the same position during successive measurements. After bolus intravenous administration of ET-1 (1.0 nmol/kg), MABP reached approximately 140 mmHg (at 5-30 min), diminishing gradually to the baseline level over 2 h. The tumor blood flow increased from 36.7 +/- 20.6 to 59.5 +/- 30.2% (n = 32, P less than 0.001, at 2 min), returning to the baseline level at 10 min. On the other hand, at 2 min after the beginning of continuous intravenous infusion of [Asp1, Ile5]-angiotensin II (AII; the dose was determined by a blood pressure control system for keeping MABP at approximately 150 mmHg, consequently 0.26 micrograms/kg/min on the average), the tumor blood flow increased from 42.3 +/- 21.6 to 76.4 +/- 22.6% (n = 32, P less than 0.001), which was significantly larger than the flow after ET-1. The results indicate that hypertension induced by systemic ET-1 injection is less effective than hypertension induced by continuous systemic AII infusion in increasing tumor blood flow; AII is probably a suitable agent as a safe and effective enhancer of tumor blood flow. Moreover, ET-1 appears to constrict arterial vessels in the microcirculation time-dependently, while AII constricts probably only normal peripheral arterioles.
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PMID:Comparison of the effects of intravenously bolus-administered endothelin-1 and infused angiotensin II on the subcutaneous tumor blood flow in anesthetized rats. 191 32

Predisposing factors to cervical cancer development are age, smoking, socioeconomical status, parity, and number of sex partners. Long-term oral contraceptive (OC) use and less than 50 mg estrogen dose have been weakly linked to increased cancer risk. Regular examination and switching to other contraception in case of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is recommended. Estrogen in sequential pills (Ovacon) increases the risks of uterine cancer by affecting the mucosa. Predisposing factors are: absence of pregnancy (nulliparity), postmenopause, hypertension, and diabetes. Parity reduces the risk. The risk is reduced in combined pills and after use of 1 year. Protection is offered by the progesterone component for 10-20 years after cessation of use. Ovarian cancer is prevented by parity and OC use even 10 years later. High estrogen levels inducing frequent ovulation damage the ovaries. Promoting factors are: old age, avoidance of breast feeding, and overweight. Breast cancer promoters are 1st pregnancy in older age, early menarche, and no pregnancy at all. OC use under age 25 and before 1st pregnancy are significant risk factors. High progesterone levels are associated with increased mitotic activity in the breast. Rare benign fibrocysts can develop into breast cancer. OC use is connected to hepatoma development mainly estrogen-induced. Liver cancer was found twice as high in OC users. Hepatoma often ruptures causing hemorrhage. 8% of liver tumors are malignant with a survival rate of 50% of patients to 4.8 years. The possible association of OCs to skin melanoma and hypophysial tumors could not be confirmed. OCs regulate menstruation, reduce bleeding, protect against uterine and ovarian cancer, but cervical and breast cancers have been influenced by them.
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PMID:[The contraceptive pill and cancer]. 207 68

A case of hepatocellular carcinoma was treated with anti-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) antibody-adriamycin via the hepatic artery with induced hypertension by angiotensin II. A minor response was achieved (from 13.5 X 9.0 cm to 10.5 X 7.5 cm) and serum AFP decreased from 310,000 ng/ml to 26,000 ng/ml. The patient has been doing well during a follow-up period of one year. This result suggests that targeting chemotherapy used for each drug delivery system would be more effective if combined with two or more similar modalities.
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PMID:[Combination of missile-induced hypertensive intra-aortic infusion chemotherapy in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma]. 242 34


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